Showing papers by "Applied Science Private University published in 1999"
TL;DR: In this article, a review of semiconductor gas sensor literature pertaining to the use of temperature modulation techniques is presented, along with transient and cyclic modulation techniques for improving sensitivity and selectivity of sensors.
Abstract: A review of semiconductor gas sensor literature pertaining to the use of temperature modulation techniques is presented. The temperature dependence of sensor conductance is discussed, along with transient and cyclic modulation techniques for improving sensitivity and selectivity of sensors in the analysis of single gases and multi-component gas mixtures.
446 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that excess input of sediment to mangroves can cause death of trees owing to root smothering, and the impacts ranged from reduced vigour to death, depending on the amount and type of sedimentation.
221 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methodology to perform a comparison between the different electricity power production options in Jordan, in addition to fossil fuel power plants, are nuclear, solar, wind, and hydro-power.
201 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a first-principles-based dynamic Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm was developed to simulate catalytic kinetics on well-defined transition metal surface, which was applied to two relevant catalytic systems.
94 citations
TL;DR: Juvenile greenlip abalone, Haliotis laevigata, (whole weight 10.8±3.0 g, mean±SD, n=603) were grown for 57–77 days in bioassay tanks at a range of dissolved oxygen concentrations and specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly affected by hypoxia whether measured on a length (P<0.01) or whole weight (P <0.001) basis.
93 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of a study to explore Jordanian undergraduate nursing students' perceptions of effective clinical teacher characteristics was presented. But the results showed that overall, the nursing students rated the professional competence of the clinical teacher as the most important characteristic, which when compared to the Western population was different.
89 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of two ANN models, the multi layer perceptron (MLP) and the radial basis function network (RBF), were compared with a stepwise multiple linear regression model (SWMLR) and zero order forecasts (ZOF) of river flow.
Abstract: . This paper compares the performance of two artificial neural network (ANN) models – the multi layer perceptron (MLP) and the radial basis function network (RBF) – with a stepwise multiple linear regression model (SWMLR) and zero order forecasts (ZOF) of river flow. All models were trained using 15 minute rainfall-runoff data for the River Mole, a flood-prone tributary of the River Thames, UK. The models were then used to forecast river flows with a 6 hour lead time and 15 minute resolution, given only antecedent rainfall and discharge measurements. Two seasons (winter and spring) were selected for model testing using a cross-validation technique and a range of diagnostic statistics. Overall, the MLP was more skillful than the RBF, SWMLR and ZOF models. However, the RBF flow forecasts were only marginally better than those of the simpler SWMLR and ZOF models. The results compare favourably with a review of previous studies and further endorse claims that ANNs are well suited to rainfall-runoff modelling and (potentially) real-time flood forecasting.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the evaluation of various desalination technologies for the utilization of desalinated brackish water in Jordan was carried out using multi-criteria analysis, based on technical, economic, and environmental aspects.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show a strong trend toward manipulation of materials at ever decreasing sizes, which is especially true in microelectronics, where the size of a material grows with the number of nodes.
Abstract: Materials processing and fabrication shows a strong trend toward manipulation of materials at ever decreasing sizes. This is especially true in microelectronics. Once the size of a material extends...
66 citations
TL;DR: Thymocytes undergoing death exclusively by necrosis show early exposure of PS prior to loss of membrane integrity and it is demonstrated that PS exposure in thymocytes induced to undergo apoptosis by three different agents does not correlate with calcium rises but correlates with and precedes DNA fragmentation.
Abstract: Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on propidium iodide negative cells using FITC labelled annexin-V has been used to quantify apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Detection of PS within cells undergoing necrosis is also possible if labelled annexin-V specific for PS enters the cell following early membrane damage. Necrotic or late apoptotic cells can be excluded from flow cytometric analysis using propidium iodide which enters and stains cells with compromised membrane integrity. Here we show that thymocytes undergoing death exclusively by necrosis show early exposure of PS prior to loss of membrane integrity. This early exposure of PS occurs in cells treated with agents which both raise intracellular calcium levels and are also capable of interacting with protein thiol groups. We also demonstrate that PS exposure in thymocytes induced to undergo apoptosis by three different agents does not correlate with calcium rises but correlates with and precedes DNA fragmentation.
60 citations
TL;DR: Assessment of the vaccine potential of a surface-exposed component of the NTHI human transferrin receptor, TbpB, and if the antibody response elicited was cross-reactive with heterologous strains of NTHi suggests that while immunization with rTbpB stimulates protective responses against the homologous isolate, variability in the recognition of TBPB fromheterologous isolates may limit the potential of rTBPB as an NthI vaccine component.
Abstract: Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is an opportunistic pathogen, and heterogeneity in the surface-exposed immunodominant domains of NTHI proteins is thought to be associated with the failure of an infection to stimulate an immune response that is cross-protective against heterologous NTHI strains. The aim of this study was to assess the vaccine potential of a surface-exposed component of the NTHI human transferrin receptor, TbpB, and to determine if the antibody response elicited was cross-reactive with heterologous strains of NTHI. The efficacy of immunization with a recombinant form of TbpB (rTbpB) was determined by assessing the pulmonary clearance of viable bacteria 4 h after a live challenge with NTHI. There was a significant reduction in the number of viable bacteria in both the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (34% for the 20-microgram dose and 58% for the 40-microgram dose) and lung homogenates (26% for the 20-microgram dose and 60% for the 40-microgram dose) of rats immunized with rTbpB compared to the control animals. While rTbpB-specific antibodies from immunized rats were nonspecific in the recognition of TbpB from six heterologous NTHI strains on Western blots, these antibodies differed in their ability to block transferrin binding to heterologous strains and to cross-react in bactericidal assays. If bactericidal antibodies are key indicators of the efficacy of the immune response in eliminating NTHI, this data suggests that while immunization with rTbpB stimulates protective responses against the homologous isolate, variability in the recognition of TbpB from heterologous isolates may limit the potential of rTbpB as an NTHI vaccine component.
TL;DR: In this article, two types of heat pipes were studied experimentally using water as a working fluid, one with a wick and another with no wick, and the wick was made of cotton, which is normally used in oil lamps.
TL;DR: Mucosal immunization with whole formalin killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Branhamella catarrhalis, nontypable Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae results in enhanced homologous bacterial clearance from the lung of immune animals challenged with live bacteria.
TL;DR: In this paper, a short-duration (up to 7-h) infiltration test was conducted to estimate surface infiltration capacity of the upper soil layers in order to present to the authorities preliminary information which could be used along with other factors to aid in the selection of the best site for a pilot recharge project.
Abstract: When using surface infiltration as a method of recharge, infiltration testing is considered an important additional data input along with other hydrogeologic data into the recharge decision. As part of an investigation into the potential for groundwater recharge, two desert basins in Jordan (Wadi Madoneh and Wadi Butum) were investigated to determine the possibility of recharge using floodwater retention structures. For each area, short-duration (up to 7-h) infiltration tests were conducted to estimate surface infiltration capacity of the upper soil layers in order to present to the authorities preliminary information which could be used along with other factors to aid in the selection of the best site for a pilot recharge project. Given the highly fractured rock formations that constitute the underlying aquifers in the two areas, it was assumed that the upper alluvium layers are the limiting factors in transmitting water to target aquifers. The infiltration tests conducted to estimate the recharge characteristics of the recharge sites yielded test results that indicated a representative infiltration rate of 0.44 m/day for the Wadi Madoneh site and 0.197 m/day for the Wadi Butum site. The data input was used subsequently with other decision factors to select the most promising site for the pilot project.
TL;DR: The challenges in developing a bacterial protein antigen into an effective vaccine are, firstly, understanding what factors constitute an effective protective immune response for the host, and secondly, to design an effective delivery system that can target and induce the required immune response in humans that will prevent the variety of infections caused by NTHi.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented some insights into Jordan's energy consumption in the urban residential sector, which constitutes 84% of the country's residential energy consumption, including diesel fuel, bottled LPG, kerosene, and electricity.
TL;DR: A 26-kDa protein isolated and purified from nontypeableHaemophilus influenzae (NTHI) strain 289 shows significant potential as a vaccine candidate and is characterized.
Abstract: A 26-kDa protein (OMP26) isolated and purified from nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) strain 289 has been shown to enhance clearance of infection following pulmonary challenge with NTHI in rats. DNA sequence analysis revealed that it was 99% identical to a gene encoding a cell envelope protein of the H. influenzae Rd strain (TIGR accession no. HI0916). The deduced amino acid sequence revealed a hydrophilic polypeptide rich in basic amino acids. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis suggested that the OMP26 gene was relatively conserved among isolates of NTHI. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of the OMP26 gene from 20 different isolates showed that similarity with NTHI-289 ranged from 96.5% (1 isolate) to 99.5% (14 isolates). Two recombinant forms of OMP26, a full length 28-kDa protein (equivalent to preprotein) and a 26-kDa protein lacking a 23-amino-acid leader peptide (equivalent to processed protein), were assessed in immunization studies for the ability to induce an immune response that would be as effective as the native protein in enhancing the clearance of NTHI following pulmonary challenge in rats. Immunization with the recombinant protein that included the leader peptide was more effective in enhancing pulmonary clearance, and it induced a better cell-mediated response and higher titers of systemic and mucosal antibody. This study has characterized a 26-kDa protein from NTHI that shows significant potential as a vaccine candidate.
TL;DR: In this paper, an optical pickup using the combination of an objective lens and a diffractive optical element for a high-density optical disk is proposed, which will enhance the resolution and extend the depth of focus as required in high density compact disc (CD) pickup systems.
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified classical beam theory solution is developed for the end notched flexure (ENF) specimen, one of the most widely used mode II delamination tests for fiber reinforced composite materials.
TL;DR: In this article, a method of specimen preparation utilizing the focused ion beam (FIB) was developed to minimize X-ray fluorescence during EDS of FIB-prepared specimens in the transmission electron microscope.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a compressible continuum model to calculate the activation volume of CO{sub 2} ion and showed that the activation is approximately 50% of the reaction volume.
Abstract: Thermal electrons attach reversibly to CO{sub 2} in supercritical ethane The equilibrium constants range from 40 to 2 {times} 10{sup 4} m{sup {minus}1} for pressures from 50 to 220 bar at 33 and 37 C The attachment rate increases and the detachment rate decreases as the pressure increases The lifetime of CO{sub 2}{sup {minus}} is between 20 and 100 ns in the high-pressure range The reaction volume changes more than an order of magnitude, from {minus}200 to {minus}05 L/mol over the pressure and temperature ranges studied The activation volume is approximately 50% of the reaction volume Electrostriction volumes of the CO{sub 2}{sup {minus}} ion, calculated by a compressible continuum model, account for the main part of the observed reaction volumes The calculation shows that the high-density region around each CO{sub 2}{sup {minus}} extends to 1 nm
TL;DR: This work describes the development of an instrument for measuring free and total copper in seawater by continuous flow analysis (CFA) with an Orion copper (II) ion selective electrode (CuISE) using an extrapolation technique based on the fitting of an empirical mathematical expression to the electrode time-response curve enabling a prediction of the final equilibrium potential.
Abstract: This work describes the development of an instrument for measuring free and total copper in seawater by continuous flow analysis (CFA) with an Orion copper(II) ion selective electrode (CuISE). Sample analysis times are reduced considerably by using an extrapolation technique based on the fitting of an empirical mathematical expression to the electrode time-response curve enabling a prediction of the final equilibrium potential. CuISE measurements in seawater samples containing nanomolar levels of total copper can be very time consuming, and this predictive approach significantly reduces sample analysis time, and improves sample throughput. The time taken to measure pCu in seawater to a precision of ±0.1, using conventional potentiometry, varies considerably depending on the condition of the electrode membrane but can be reduced by a factor of 3-6 (typically from 60 to 10 min) by using the extrapolation technique in conjunction with CFA. Details are given of the protocols used for preconditioning the CuISE. The system can be used as a portable instrument for field measurements or for shipboard measurements of free copper in seawater. Extrapolated equilibrium potentials are within ±0.5 mV of true steady state values.
TL;DR: By applying fuzzy logic to the reduced linguistic if- then rules, a robust controller system based on fuzzy if-then rules is reconstructed and the simulation results show that the reconstructed controller is more efficient and performs as well as the original controller.
TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of fog collection in Jordan using various low-cost materials was evaluated using four standard fog collectors with different local materials and showed that local sacking material was the most effective.
Abstract: Water-supply augmentation along with supply and demand management in Jordan have been considered to meet the water demand. This paper evaluates the feasibility of fog collection in Jordan using various low-cost materials. Experiments were conducted using four standard fog collectors with different local materials. An analysis of fog-collection effectiveness was carried out and compared with international experience, and showed that local sacking material was the most effective. Recommendations for applying this technique are outlined.
TL;DR: An algorithm based on dyadic wavelet transform (DyWT) has been developed for detecting pitch period of synthetic signals and the best case accuracy in the estimation was found to be approximately 100%.
TL;DR: Recombinant P5, with an N terminal extension of 10 residues that included six histidines, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and circular dichroism of the refolded rP5 demonstrated 55% beta-strand content, which is consistent with the beta-Strand content of native P5 and the homologous E. coli protein OmpA.
TL;DR: In this article, the impact on fatigue performance of microstructural changes induced by aging and thermo-mechanical processes has been investigated for Ti-15V-3Al-3Sn-3Cr.
TL;DR: The first heterobimetallic platinum(II) complexes with the ligand diferrocenylphenylphosphine (Ferr)2PhP}(DMSO)X2 have been synthesized and characterized physicochemically and spec-troscopically as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Four platinum(II) complexes of the general formula cis-[Pt{(Ferr)2PhP}(DMSO)X2], where X2 = Cl2, C2O4, O2(CO)2(C6H11)2 and O2(CO)2CCH2CH2CH2, have been synthesized andcharacterized physicochemically and spec-troscopically as the first heterobimetallic platinum(II) complexes with the ligand diferrocenylphenylphosphine (Ferr = ferrocenyl). These complexes were tested in vitro against leukaemia cell line P388 using the MTT assay. The results obtained were compared with those of cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: An experimental method to determine the Cliff-Lorimer factor was developed utilizing an ultra-wide double-wedge (UWDW) FIB membrane geometry with terraced steps that increase in thickness in increments of approximately 30nm.
TL;DR: From the root heart wood of Tectona grandis, a new compound, 5-hydroxylapachol (1) along with the known constituents lapachol, dehydro-α-lapachone, methylquinizarin and squalene were isolated as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: From the root heart wood of Tectona grandis were isolated a new compound, 5-hydroxylapachol (1) along with the known constituents lapachol, dehydro-α-lapachone, methylquinizarin and squalene. Both compound 1 and lapachol were found to be cytotoxic to Artemia salina (brine shrimp) with an LC50 of 5 ppm. The structure of compound 1 has been elucidated on the basis of its spectral data, mainly, 1H and 13C NMR.