Showing papers by "Applied Science Private University published in 2003"
TL;DR: In this paper, a case study on greywater reuse in Jordan is presented to shed some lights on its role in sustainable water management, concluding that current environmental policies should aim to control pollution and to maximize recycling and reuse of greywater within households and communities.
388 citations
TL;DR: A general framework for the analysis and control of parabolic partial differential equations (PDE) systems with input constraints is developed and theoretical results are used to stabilize an unstable steady-state of a diffusion-reaction process using constrained control action.
192 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Young's modulus and tensile strength of non-woven fiber mat and unidirectional fiber composites were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.
170 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an analytical and experimental study has been conducted to assess the effectiveness of a direct cold expansion technique on the fatigue strength of fastener holes in an aircraft construction industry to make holes more resistant to failure.
161 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an extension of a recently developed linear thermoelastic theory for multiphase periodic materials is presented which admits inelastic behavior of the constituent phases, and the model's analytical framework is based on the homogenization technique for periodic media, but the method of solution for the local displacement and stress fields borrows concepts previously employed by the authors in constructing the higher-order theory for functionally graded materials.
157 citations
TL;DR: Hydrophones constructed from piezocomposites showed slightly lower measured receiving sensitivities than calculated values for pie ZT-air and PZT-polymer materials, which was due to the loading effect of the cable and the low permittivity associated with the piezoconposites.
Abstract: PZT-air (porous PZT) and PZT-polymer (polymer impregnated porous PZT) piezocomposites with varying porosity/polymer volume fractions have been manufactured. The composites were characterized in terms of hydrostatic charge (d/sub h/) and voltage (g/sub h/) coefficients, permittivity, hydrostatic figure of merit (d/sub h/.g/sub h/), and absolute sensitivity (M). With decreasing PZT ceramic volume, g/sub h/ increased, and d/sub h/.g/sub h/ had a broad maximum around 80 to 90% porosity/polymer content. The absolute sensitivity was also increased. In each case, PZT-air piezocomposites performed better than PZT-polymer piezocomposites. Hydrophones constructed from piezocomposites showed slightly lower measured receiving sensitivities than calculated values for piezocomposite materials, which was due to the loading effect of the cable and the low permittivity associated with the piezocomposites.
114 citations
TL;DR: A new algorithm for electrocardiogram (ECG) compression based on the compression of the linearly predicted residuals of the wavelet coefficients of the signal, which reduces the bit rate while keeping the reconstructed signal distortion at a clinically acceptable level.
97 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of benzene on Pt(111) using DFT-GGA cluster calculations and two types of hydrogenation mechanisms were distinguished.
Abstract: The hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of benzene on Pt(111) is examined from first principles using DFT-GGA cluster calculations. The reactive benzene species is adsorbed at the hollow site. The addition of the first H-atom has a barrier of 74 kJ/mol and is +11 kJ/mol endothermic. There are five different pathways available for the addition of the second hydrogen atom. The dominant path is the one that forms the 1,3-dihydrobenzene intermediate. This reaction has a barrier of 72 kJ/mol and is +34 kJ/mol endothermic. The hydrogenation of the C6H7* intermediate can also form 1,3-cyclohexadiene, which has a barrier of 91 kJ/mol and is +38 kJ/mol endothermic, or 1,4-cyclohexadiene, which has a barrier of 115 kJ/mol and is +36 kJ/mol endothermic. Two types of hydrogenation mechanisms were distinguished. The “three-centered” mechanism was found to be more favorable than the “slip” mechanism. The dehydrogenation of benzene to phenyl is +76 kJ/mol endothermic. Therefore benzene dehydrogenation is neither thermodyn...
71 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the modelling and comparison of piezoactive composites of 0-3 and 3-3 geometry and propose algorithms for the evaluation of effective elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric constants.
71 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the early crystallization process of a well-known Ti-Zr-Be metallic glass by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) was investigated.
66 citations
TL;DR: The College of Engineering at the University of Cincinnati has evaluated the use of instructional technologies to improve the learning process for students in fundamental engineering science courses, indicating that time on task and interest in content can be improved through the appropriate use of technology.
Abstract: The College of Engineering at the University of Cincinnati has evaluated the use of instructional technologies to improve the learning process for students in fundamental engineering science courses. The goal of this effort was to both retain more students in engineering programs and improve student performance through appropriate use of technology. Four modes of instruction were used to teach an engineering fundamentals course in statics. A traditional instructor-led course, a Web-assisted course, a streaming media course, and an interactive video course were all presented using a common syllabus, homework, tests, and grading regimen. Evaluations of final course grades indicate that use of instructional technology improved student performance when compared with traditional teaching methods. Student satisfaction with technology varied considerably with the Web-assisted format having the highest student approval rating of the technologies. The results indicate that time on task and interest in content can be improved through the appropriate use of technology.
01 Dec 2003
TL;DR: This paper considers phase tracking algorithms for single carrier systems with frequency domain equalizers (SC/FDE), which make use of the concept of unique word (UW) blockwise extension instead of the classical concept of cyclic prefix (CP) like it is used for example in OFDM.
Abstract: In this paper we consider phase tracking algorithms for single carrier systems with frequency domain equalizers (SC/FDE), which make use of the concept of unique word (UW) blockwise extension instead of the classical concept of cyclic prefix (CP) like it is used for example in OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing). Very similar to IEEE 802.11a like OFDM systems the overall baseband processing performance of SC/FDE systems largely depends on the design of channel estimation and synchronization algorithms. Some of the synchronization tasks are very straight forward, but the algorithm developer has a lot of freedom for the design of the channel estimator, and for the design of the residual carrier frequency offset tracking procedure (which we call phase tracking). In this paper we focus on the design and performance of unique word based phase tracking algorithms, which are being compared with pilot carrier based phase tracking algorithms for IEEE 802.11a like OFDM systems.
TL;DR: An efficient algorithm based on the Frank-Lobb reduction scheme for calculating the equivalent dielectric properties of very large random resistor-capacitor (R-C) networks has been developed.
Abstract: An efficient algorithm, based on the Frank–Lobb reduction scheme, for calculating the equivalent dielectric properties of very large random resistor–capacitor (R–C) networks has been developed. It has been used to investigate the network size and composition dependence of dielectric properties and their statistical variability. The dielectric properties of 256 samples of random networks containing: 512, 2048, 8192 and 32 768 components distributed randomly in the ratios 60% R–40% C, 50% R–50% C and 40% R–60% C have been computed. It has been found that these properties exhibit the anomalous power law dependences on frequency known as the 'universal dielectric response' (UDR). Attention is drawn to the contrast between frequency ranges across which percolation determines dielectric response, where considerable variability is found amongst the samples, and those across which power laws define response where very little variability is found between samples. It is concluded that the power law UDRs are emergent properties of large random R–C networks.
TL;DR: The genetic algorithm implemented with neural network to determine automatically the suitable network architecture and the set of parameters from a restricted region of space showed good optimization, by reducing the number of hidden nodes required to train the neural network.
TL;DR: The Ni EXAFS of oxidized, inactive (as-isolated) and H(2) reduced Desulfovibrio gigas hydrogenase is reexamined, with better spatial resolution achieved by analyzing the data over a 50% wider k-range than was previously available and to define more accurately the Ni-O and Ni-Fe bond lengths.
TL;DR: This automatic audio-video mixing technique is suited for home videos and uses a pivot vector space mapping method that matches video shots with music segments based on aesthetic cinematographic heuristics.
Abstract: An audio-mixing artist usually adds the musical accompaniment to video. Employing such artists is expensive and not feasible for a home video presentation. Our automatic audio-video mixing technique is suited for home videos. It uses a pivot vector space mapping method that matches video shots with music segments based on aesthetic cinematographic heuristics.
TL;DR: Elevated seston loads associated with low salinities contributed to increased oyster growth at the developed locations where run-off is high, and the concentration of the seston was therefore the controlling factor in the growth of oysters cultured in Brisbane Water and Lake Macquarie.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a methodology for detecting problems in environmental and infrastructure systems using a fuzzy set technique, which was applied to a case study in water distribution systems for validation.
Abstract: This paper aims to propose a methodology for detecting problems in environmental and infrastructure systems using a fuzzy set technique. The proposed methodology was applied to a case study in water distribution systems for validation. Relative weights for three scenarios of leak detection were used, i.e. leakage, possible leakage, and no leakage. The study reveals that the major factors that affect leakage are: pipe age, pipe material, operational aspects, and demand patterns.
TL;DR: In this article, the random vibration of a simply-supported laminated composite coated beam traversed by a random moving load was investigated using basic analytical techniques, and closed form solutions for the variance of the response were obtained.
TL;DR: The radon concentration in Jordanian drinking water and hot springs has been measured using the electret-passive environmental radon monitoring method as mentioned in this paper, and 60% of the drinking water sources have radon concentrations above the proposed US Environmental Protection Agency limit of 11 Bq l(-1); these are mostly situated in the northern region of the country.
Abstract: The radon concentration in Jordanian drinking water and hot springs has been measured using the electret-passive environmental radon monitoring method. This study maps out Jordanian water sources from the north to the south as well as the area around the capital Amman and the Jordan valley. Samples from 30 sources were collected and analysed during the period from November 2001 to June 2002. We have found that 60% of the drinking water sources have radon concentrations above the proposed US Environmental Protection Agency limit of 11 Bq l(-1); these are mostly situated in the northern region of the country. Fortunately, these sources supplied only a small number of people since they were mainly located in rural areas. Tap water in the capital Amman, where approximately 35% of the population live, has a very low radon concentration, 3.9 Bq l(-1). However, the isolated northern drinking water wells did show a radon level as high as 117 Bq l(-1). Hot springs in Jordan have a radon level ranging between 63 and 81 Bq l(-1), again mainly in the northern region. In general we conclude that Jordanian drinking water is safe as far as radon concentration is concerned with the exception of a few isolated local drinking water wells.
TL;DR: Several Schiff bases derived from salicylaldehyde and aminopyridines were found to coordinate with Me 2 SnCl 2 in 1:1 or 1: 2 (tin : base) molar ratio in diethylether, depending on the nature of the Schiff base used, to form complexes of the general formula Me 2 NpyN-H + ] 2 or Me 2 Cl 2.2L respectively as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Several Schiff bases derived from salicylaldehyde and aminopyridines were found to coordinate with Me 2 SnCl 2 in 1:1 or 1: 2 (tin : base) molar ratio in diethylether, depending on the nature of the Schiff base used, to form complexes of the general formula Me 2 SnCl 2 .L or Me 2 SnCl 2 .2L respectively. These Schiff bases coordinate with Ph 2 SnCl 2 in a similar manner, but if the reaction is carried out in chloroform or if the product formed in ether is dissolved in chloroform then colourless to pale yellow crystals precipitated. The latter were analysed and found to be due to the ionic compounds [H 2 NpyN-H + ] 2 [Ph 2 SnCl 4 ] 2- which were formed as a result of an unusual cleavage of the C=N bond of the Schiff bases. The Schiff bases, their Me 2 SnCl 2 complexes and the ionic compounds were analyzed physicochemically and spectroscopically. The crystal structures of two of the ionic compounds showed that the cation [H 2 NpyN-H + ] binds with the anion [Ph 2 SnCl 4 ] 2- via hydrogen bonds. The Schiff bases, their Me 2 SnCl 2 complexes and the ionic compounds were screened against the three tumour cell lines, L 929 , K 562 and HeLa, and the results were compared with those of the anticancer drugs, cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin.
TL;DR: In this paper, the nucleophilic substitution reaction of the enantiomerically pure ligand, (1R,2R)-(−)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane [DACH] (1) with cis-bis(benzonitrile)palladium(II) dichloride [(PhCN)2PdCl2] leads to the formation of the complex [(DACH)PdCL2] (2) in a high yield.
TL;DR: In this paper, the carboxylation of DPPF ligands was performed by displacement of DMSO from the corresponding carboxyato complexes in CHCl3, and the results showed that the resulting product was an insoluble solvolysis solid product.
TL;DR: In this article, an alternative approach that seeks to describe friction by modelling the geometric surface roughness of the tools was proposed, using the ring test analytically a relationship has been established between surface geometry and the friction factor.
TL;DR: In this article, spectroscopic and chromatographic analyses were performed on two Jordanian shale oils, Sultani and El-Lajjun, at different pyrolysis temperatures (400-500 °C).
TL;DR: Several new PtII and PdII complexes bearing the enantiomerically pure (1R, 2R)-(−)-l,2-cyclohexanediamine (dach) ligand, of general formula [MX2{(1 R, 2 R)-dach}], where M = Pt or Pd, X2 = cis- or trans- or (1 R 2 R )-1,2 -cyclohexyldicarboxylate anions, have been synthesized and characterized physicochemically and spectroscopically RE
Abstract: Several new PtII and PdII complexes bearing the enantiomerically pure (1R,2R)-(−)-l,2-cyclohexanediamine (dach) ligand, of general formula [MX2{(1R,2R)-dach}], where M = Pt or Pd, X2 = cis- or trans- or (1R,2R)-1,2-cyclohexyldicarboxylate anions, have been synthesized and characterized physicochemically and spectroscopically. These complexes have been screened in vitro against the three tumour cell lines K562, HeLa and L929, and the results obtained were compared with those of the reference standards, cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin; the known antitumour drugs. The single crystal X-ray structure determination of the [Pt(C2O4)(cis-dach)] complex has been discussed and compared with that of oxaliplatin, [Pt(C2O4){(1R,2R)-dach}].
TL;DR: In this article, the results of an initial study of the pulse radiolysis of supercritical xenon are reported, and the formation of excimers by electron−ion recombination was time-resolved by pulse−probe measurements.
Abstract: The results of an initial study of the pulse radiolysis of supercritical xenon are reported. In pure xenon, transients are formed that absorb broadly throughout the visible. These transients are assigned to excimer species, Xe2*, on the basis of lifetime and kinetic data. The formation of excimers by electron−ion recombination was time-resolved by pulse−probe measurements. The excimers can be quenched by adding small amounts of ethane, which then facilitates detection of other transients by absorption spectroscopy. The added ethane also accelerates the thermalization of electrons and allows measurements of fast reaction rates of thermal electrons. Electron attachment to hexafluorobenzene occurs near the maximum rate at high pressures in xenon−ethane mixtures. The C6F6- anion formed absorbs with a maximum at 500 nm and disappears by second-order kinetics. The mobility of this anion, as measured by conductivity, indicates sizable clusters of solvent around the ion at all pressures, which are of maximum size...
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrical properties of bis-ethylenediamine Co(II, Co(III), Co-III and Co-II-III mixed valence complexes were measured at room temperature in a frequency range between 1 Hz and 106 Hz.
Abstract: Electrical properties of bis-ethylenediamine Co(II), Co(III) and Co(II–III) mixed valence complexes and polyethylenediaminecarbosilazane (PEDCSZ) [Co(II), Co(III) and Co(II–III)] macromolecules were measured at room temperature in a frequency range between 1 Hz and 106 Hz. Electrical modulus, permittivity and ac conductivity were calculated using ac impedance and phase-angle measurements. It was found that the overall conductivity of PEDCSZ macromolecules with Co is much higher than that for Co monomers. In addition, the conductivity of PEDCSZ Co(III) and Co(II–III) mixed valence compounds are higher than those containing Co(II) where the electronic conduction is dominant. The relaxation time increases from about 2.7 × 10−6 s for Co(II) chloride to a value of 2.9 × 10−4 s for Co(II–III) chloride monomers. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the effect of different irrigation dynamics on yield and water consumption through the application of deficit irrigation and concluded that wheat and citrus are the crops that best perform under drought using economic criteria.
Abstract: During the last twenty years, Jordan has witnessed many drought events, which put constraints on irrigated agriculture. These conditions urge the government to take necessity measures to alleviate the impact of drought. This paper aims at evaluating the effect of different irrigation dynamics on yield and water consumption through the application of deficit irrigation. By using meteorological records and soil and crop data for the Jordan Valley, ISAREG model as well as EVAPOT and KCISA programs were applied to estimate irrigation water requirements and reduction in yield. Water productivity under different levels of water deficits was determined. It was concluded that wheat and citrus are the crops that best perform under drought using economic criteria. ISAREG model proved to be a valuable and helpful tool to be used for irrigation management and estimation of yield reduction.