Applied Science Private University

About: Applied Science Private University is a education organization based out in Amman, Jordan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Catalysis. The organization has 4124 authors who have published 5299 publications receiving 116167 citations.

Measurement of K Ic on Small Specimens Using Critical Crack Tip Opening Displacement

Abstract: A method is described whereby on-load values of crack tip crack opening displacement (COD) can be measured at the midsection of precracked three-point bend specimens by infiltration of silicone rubber. A calibration curverelating midsection COD to clip gage displacement was derived from measurements on the silicone rubber "castings." This calibration curve can be used to calculate midsection COD from on-load clip gage displacement and specimen geometry only, without further infiltration measurements. These values of COD have been shown to be simply related to the stress intensity factor, independent of material, as theoretically predicted. The central region of a Charpy specimen in three-point bend has been found to remain in plane strain until well after general yield. Thus, plane strain values of COD at fracture initiation, (COD) c , can be determined from small specimens. Two initiation detection methods are described whereby (COD) c can be determined. These values of (COD) c can be used to accurately predict K I c values which agree with data obtained on larger, more expensive valid ASTM K I c specimens.

Determinants of corporate environmental disclosure quality of oil and gas industry in developing countries

Abstract: This study aims to identify factors that influence corporate environmental disclosure (CED) quality.,Using content analysis, an index and scoring scheme were applied to annual reports, stand-alone reports and corporate homepages of a sample of 116 oil and gas companies in 19 developing countries (DCs).,The results of this study reveal that out of 12 hypothesized variables, only 5 variables (company size, foreign ownership, profitability, leverage and membership of industry’s associations) are positively related to the CED quality.,The study has implications in enhancing the understanding of CED practices by oil and gas companies in DCs and the factors that influence the quality of such disclosure. Thus, the results of the study serve as input toward the development of improved regulations concerning CED for the oil and gas industry and provide guidelines to the regulators to make relevant decisions on social and environmental information items to be incorporated in the regulatory standards.,The current study attempts to fill the gaps in the literature by examining CED quality (rather than its quantity), concentrating on environmental disclosure made on the three main mediums of reporting. The study also extends previous research of CED by investigating some factors that have the potential to influence the content-quality of environmental disclosure, such as type of company (independent or constrain company) and industry’s association membership which have never been examined in the related literature.