Applied Science Private University

About: Applied Science Private University is a education organization based out in Amman, Jordan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Catalysis. The organization has 4124 authors who have published 5299 publications receiving 116167 citations.

Real wrongs in virtual communities

Abstract: Beginning with the well-known cyber-rape in LambdaMOO, I argue that it is possible to have real moral wrongs in virtual communities. I then generalize the account to show how it applies to interactions in gaming and discussion communities. My account is supported by a view of moral realism that acknowledges entities like intentions and causal properties of actions. Austin's speech act theory is used to show that real people can act in virtual communities in ways that both establish practices and moral expectations, and warrant strong identifications between themselves and their online identities. Rawls' conception of a social practice is used to analyze the nature of the wrong and the stage-setting aspect of engaging in a practice.

Observation of 1- to 5-second microtremors and their application to earthquake engineering. Part III. A two-dimensional study of site effects in the San Fernando Valley

Abstract: A two-dimensional study of the influence of deep sediment on seismic ground motions was conducted by recording and analyzing long-period microtremors in the San Fernando Valley, California. The recordings were made at 50 regularly distributed sites in the valley. Three reference sites were employed at the baserock outcrop around the valley so as to observe the time-dependent characteristics of the microtremors . 1. Amplitudes in a period range of several seconds correlate with the thicknesses of the sedimentary layers . 2. A site amplification effect, which was evaluated in terms of sediment-to-rock spectral ratios, is qualitatively consistent with available geological and strong motion data . 3. The practical field observation procedure designed for this study, the two-dimensional approach, can be easily used in other surveys for estimating the spatial characteristics of earthquake ground motions in the period range of several seconds .

Protein kinase C in the immune system: from signalling to chromatin regulation

Abstract: Summary Protein kinase C (PKC) form a key family of enzymes involved in signalling pathways that specifically phosphorylates substrates at serine/threonine residues. Phosphorylation by PKC is important in regulating a variety of cellular events such as cell proliferation and the regulation of gene expression. In the immune system, PKCs are involved in regulating signal transduction pathways important for both innate and adaptive immunity, ultimately resulting in the expression of key immune genes. PKCs act as mediators during immune cell signalling through the immunological synapse. PKCs are traditionally known to be cytoplasmic signal transducers and are well embedded in the signalling pathways of cells to mediate the cells' response to a stimulus from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. PKCs are also found to transduce signals within the nucleus, a process that is distinct from the cytoplasmic signalling pathway. There is now growing evidence suggesting that PKC can directly regulate gene expression programmes through a non-traditional role as nuclear kinases. In this review, we will focus on the role of PKCs as key cytoplasmic signal transducers in immune cell signalling, as well as its role in nuclear signal transduction. We will also highlight recent evidence for its newly discovered regulatory role in the nucleus as a chromatin-associated kinase.