Applied Science Private University

About: Applied Science Private University is a education organization based out in Amman, Jordan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Catalysis. The organization has 4124 authors who have published 5299 publications receiving 116167 citations.

Stereochemistry of adrenergic receptors: newer concepts on the molecular mechanism of action of catecholamines and antiadrenergic drugs at the receptor level

Abstract: The interpretation in structural terms of the mode of action of drugs a t the receptor level presents a formidable intellectual challenge. Recent developments in the general field of drug-receptor have led the present author to a reassessment of the criteria which some years ago3-‘ formed the basis of a comprehensive analysis of structure-activity relationships (SAR) among drugs acting on the adrenergic alpha receptor. The relative success of the theory as originally formulated3 is attributable mainly to the postulate of a fundamental complementarity between active alkylating ions of the Dibenamine class and the alpha receptors for epinephrine (E). The subject has recently been reviewed and elaborated further by Triggle.7’8 The evidence accumulated until now appears not to contradict the primitive hypothesis of a “phenethylamine-like” complementarity between alkylating drugs and the alpha receptor^.^ Some apparent deviations from the established pattern of SAR could be explained after an investigation of the stereochemical factors controlling physiological activity.”’ In the context of modern views on the biophysical properties of quaternary ammonium ions, the postulated complementarity between the alkylating aziridinium (A-AzI) and the alpha receptor appears as a rather perplexing phenomenon, a situation which may well reflect a conceptual deficiency. I t is pertinent a t this stage to attempt perceiving whatever parameter may have been overlooked that controls the peculiar affinity and lack of affinity of the alpha and beta receptors respectively for the A-AzI. The key factor requiring consideration concerns the nature of the forces influencing addition complex formation between A-AzI and the alpha receptor. This question is important because nonalkylating quaternary ion analogs of the A-AzI are known, in so far as the author is aware, not to induce blockade (which should of course be competitive) of the alpha receptor.* The only

Vertically-resolved particle size distribution within and above the mixing layer over the Milan metropolitan area

Abstract: . Vertical aerosol profiles were directly measured over the city of Milan during three years (2005–2008) of field campaigns. An optical particle counter, a portable meteorological station and a miniaturized cascade impactor were deployed on a tethered balloon. More than 300 vertical profiles were measured, both in winter and summer, mainly in conditions of clear, dry skies. The mixing height was determined from the observed vertical aerosol concentration gradient, and from potential temperature and relative humidity profiles. Results show that inter-consistent mixing heights can be retrieved highlighting good correlations between particle dispersion in the atmosphere and meteorological parameters. Mixing height growth speed was calculated for both winter and summer showing the low potential atmospheric dispersion in winter. Aerosol number size distribution and chemical composition profiles allowed us to investigate particle behaviour along height. Aerosol measurements showed changes in size distribution according to mixing height. Coarse particle profiles (dp>1.6 μm) were distributed differently than the fine ones (dp

A high rate of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a large-scale survey on Arabs

Abstract: Background Vaccine hesitancy can limit the benefits of available vaccines in halting the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. Previously published studies paid little attention to Arab countries, which has a population of over 440 million. In this study, we present the results of the first large-scale multinational study that measures vaccine hesitancy among Arab-speaking subjects. Methods An online survey in Arabic was conducted from 14 January 2021 to 29 January 2021. It consisted of 17 questions capturing demographic data, acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine, attitudes toward the need for COVID-19 vaccination and associated health policies, and reasons for vaccination hesitancy. R software v.4.0.2 was used for data analysis and visualization. Results The survey recruited 36,220 eligible participants (61.1% males, 38.9% females, mean age 32.6 ± 10.8 years) from all the 23 Arab countries and territories (83.4%) and 122 other countries (16.6%). Our analysis shows a significant rate of vaccine hesitancy among Arabs in and outside the Arab region (83% and 81%, respectively). The most cited reasons for hesitancy are concerns about side effects and distrust in health care policies, vaccine expedited production, published studies and vaccine producing companies. We also found that female participants, those who are 30-59 years old, those with no chronic diseases, those with lower level of academic education, and those who do not know the type of vaccine authorized in their countries are more hesitant to receive COVID-19 vaccination. On the other hand, participants who regularly receive the influenza vaccine, health care workers, and those from countries with higher rates of COVID-19 infections showed more vaccination willingness. Interactive representation of our results is posted on our project website at https://mainapp.shinyapps.io/CVHAA. Conclusions Our results show higher vaccine hesitancy and refusal among Arab subjects, related mainly to distrust and concerns about side effects. Health authorities and Arab scientific community have to transparently address these concerns to improve vaccine acceptance. Funding This study received no funding.