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Showing papers by "Auckland University of Technology published in 1995"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicated that the injection of fluid did not change the subjects' error in tracking the passively moving limb and it was suggested that the effects of long-term effusions and the nature of the inflammatory fluid might be more responsible for the loss of proprioception observed in some clinical conditions.

35 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, public sector restructuring is presented as the policy context of the reforms and neo-liberalism as the critique of state reason that has been used to explain the reduction of the state in terms of the numbers of people it employs and the scope of its direct control.
Abstract: It is argued that, as a result of recent restructuring, the state in New Zealand has paradoxically become minimalized as well as more powerful and pervasive. This paper presents public sector restructuring as the policy context of the reforms and neo‐liberalism as the critique of state reason that has been used to explain the reduction of the state in terms of the numbers of people it employs and the scope of its direct control. Reforms to tertiary education are seen to follow the restructuring of the core public sector. Michel Foucault's (1991a) notion of governmentality, it is argued, is a powerful critique of neo‐liberalism through focusing on practices rather than theories of state. One element of the reforms to tertiary education ‐ the practices of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA) ‐ is presented as a counter instance of neo‐liberalism. The account of the governmental practices of NZQA illustrate that neo‐liberalism is an inadequate account of state reason because it cannot exp...

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the two theoretical perspective, developmental and functional, of children's' understanding of illness, and the implications for developmental therapist working with children and in a primary health care are discussed.
Abstract: Developmental Therapist are faced with providing health-and illness-related information to children that is comprehensible and services to minimize anxiety and irrational fears. Appropriate informa...

13 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reformulation of the conceptual models implicit in the Occupational Therapy Guidelines for Client-centred Practice appears to reveal a gap in the original formulation of the guidelines, in that adapting and changing, the environment is not directly supported.
Abstract: May I extend my thanks to McColl and Pranger for their thoughtful reformulation of the conceptual models implicit in the Occupational Therapy Guidelines for Client-centred Practice, published in the December 1994 issue of CJOT. I read their work with interest and some relief...I was scheduled to teach these models to students in the Auckland Institute of Technology's Bachelor of Health Science (Occupational Therapy) programme the following week. My purposes in writing this letter are to extend my thanks, and to share some further observations which may contribute to ongoing work on the guidelines model. McColl and Pranger's work allows closer examination of the concepts implicit in the Guidelines, and thus, critique of their adequacy and completeness. For example, it is challenging to note that the principles of both the Guidelines Conceptual Model and the Guidelines Model of Practice place the locus for change solely within the individual. Positive change, growth, or adaptation is achieved by balanced integration of the individual's occupational performance components, and the acquisition of occupational performance skills, as a result of engaging in purposeful activity. This in turn leads to greater capacity to influence the environment. There is no specific acknowledgement of modification of the environrnent as an alternate means of achieving improvement in occupational performance, in the absence of capacity to change performance skills. Thus, McColl and Pranger's work appears to reveal a gap in the original formulation of the guidelines, in that adapting and changing, the environment is not directly supported. In studying their work however, I was also aware of some areas of discrepancy between my understanding of the Guidelines and the models presented. My first concern focused on the definition of terms within the Guidelines Conceptual Model. McColl and Pranger report that no definition of health/function is provided. My search located a statement that \"the essence of a healthy , functioning person is the balanced integration of' these performance components (CAOT, 1991, p.17). Health may therefore be understood in terms of the degree of integration of physical, mental, sociocultural and spiritual components. The definition however, contributes to issues of consistency within the model. Defining health in terms of performance components adds weight to McColl and Pranger's assertion of inconsistency between holism and the model's emphasis on performance components. A further issue of inconsistency is embedded in the definition of purposeful activity within the Guidelines Model of Practice. The full definition, from the Occupational Therapy Guidelines for Client-Centred Practice, state that purposeful activity is the \"therapeutic application of tasks or actions that are goal-directed, valuable and useful to the client, and relevant to the client's life stage\" (CAOT, 1991, p.41). Defining purposeful activity firstly in terms of its therapeutic application rather than its meaningfulness to the client is, as Kielhofner (1992) has argued, inconsistent with notions of client-centred practice. A second discrepancy between my understanding of the Guidelines and that of McColl and Pranger centres on the principles of the Guidelines Conceptual Model, as presented in Figure 2. McColl and Pranger argue that the model is not centrally a model of occupational performance any more than \"it is a model of health, function or development\" (p. 254). They argue this on the basis that occupational performance is not central to their diagrammatic formulation of the model. But from my understanding, purposeful activity is misplaced. McColl and Pranger picture purposeful activity as feeding in to the performance components, where the principle concerned relates it to occupational performance. Relocating purposeful activity to the right of occupational performance does, in fact, achieve a model with occupational performance in the centre, with defined relationships with the performance components and purposeful activity. This redrawing of the model does not, however, solve the problem that the relationships between occupational performance and the environment, health/function, and development are not defined. I would again like to acknowledge McColl and Pranger's work in translating the Guidelines into a standard theoretical format. They provide a clear starting point for re-examination and ongoing development of the \"Guidelines\" models. I trust that my comments will contribute to this important, ongoing dialogue. Clare Hocking, Senior Lecturer Auckland Institute of Technology Auckland, New Zealand