Institution
Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine
Facility•Townsville, Queensland, Australia•
About: Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine is a facility organization based out in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Aedes aegypti. The organization has 408 authors who have published 1023 publications receiving 15726 citations. The organization is also known as: Australian Institute of Tropical Medicine.
Papers
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University of Sydney1, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute2, University of Queensland3, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine4, Los Alamos National Laboratory5, Pompeu Fabra University6, Children's Medical Research Institute7, Children's Hospital at Westmead8, University of Melbourne9, La Trobe University10, Macquarie University11, Royal North Shore Hospital12, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre13, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies14, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital15
TL;DR: Analysis of whole-genome sequences from cutaneous, acral and mucosal subtypes of melanoma reveals diverse carcinogenic processes across its subtypes, some unrelated to sun exposure, and extends potential involvement of the non-coding genome in its pathogenesis.
Abstract: Melanoma of the skin is a common cancer only in Europeans, whereas it arises in internal body surfaces (mucosal sites) and on the hands and feet (acral sites) in people throughout the world. Here we report analysis of whole-genome sequences from cutaneous, acral and mucosal subtypes of melanoma. The heavily mutated landscape of coding and non-coding mutations in cutaneous melanoma resolved novel signatures of mutagenesis attributable to ultraviolet radiation. However, acral and mucosal melanomas were dominated by structural changes and mutation signatures of unknown aetiology, not previously identified in melanoma. The number of genes affected by recurrent mutations disrupting non-coding sequences was similar to that affected by recurrent mutations to coding sequences. Significantly mutated genes included BRAF, CDKN2A, NRAS and TP53 in cutaneous melanoma, BRAF, NRAS and NF1 in acral melanoma and SF3B1 in mucosal melanoma. Mutations affecting the TERT promoter were the most frequent of all; however, neither they nor ATRX mutations, which correlate with alternative telomere lengthening, were associated with greater telomere length. Most melanomas had potentially actionable mutations, most in components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositol kinase pathways. The whole-genome mutation landscape of melanoma reveals diverse carcinogenic processes across its subtypes, some unrelated to sun exposure, and extends potential involvement of the non-coding genome in its pathogenesis.
880 citations
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Charité1, Aarhus University Hospital2, Medical University of Vienna3, University of Amsterdam4, Transylvania University5, University of Zurich6, Technische Universität München7, King's College London8, University of Cartagena9, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research10, Queensland University of Technology11, Hospital Clínico San Carlos12, University of Salzburg13, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine14, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven15, University of Giessen16, University of Lübeck17, Wrocław Medical University18, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine19, Utrecht University20, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust21, Helsinki University Central Hospital22, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg23, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai24, University of Manchester25, University of Virginia26, Copenhagen University Hospital27, Ruhr University Bochum28, Karolinska University Hospital29, Paul Ehrlich Institute30, University of Colorado Denver31, Boston Children's Hospital32, University of Padua33, University of Southern Denmark34
TL;DR: The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Molecular Allergology User's Guide (MAUG) as mentioned in this paper provides comprehensive information on important allergens and describes the diagnostic options using component-resolved diagnosis (CRD).
Abstract: The availability of allergen molecules ('components') from several protein families has advanced our understanding of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated responses and enabled 'component-resolved diagnosis' (CRD). The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Molecular Allergology User's Guide (MAUG) provides comprehensive information on important allergens and describes the diagnostic options using CRD. Part A of the EAACI MAUG introduces allergen molecules, families, composition of extracts, databases, and diagnostic IgE, skin, and basophil tests. Singleplex and multiplex IgE assays with components improve both sensitivity for low-abundance allergens and analytical specificity; IgE to individual allergens can yield information on clinical risks and distinguish cross-reactivity from true primary sensitization. Part B discusses the clinical and molecular aspects of IgE-mediated allergies to foods (including nuts, seeds, legumes, fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, milk, egg, meat, fish, and shellfish), inhalants (pollen, mold spores, mites, and animal dander), and Hymenoptera venom. Diagnostic algorithms and short case histories provide useful information for the clinical workup of allergic individuals targeted for CRD. Part C covers protein families containing ubiquitous, highly cross-reactive panallergens from plant (lipid transfer proteins, polcalcins, PR-10, profilins) and animal sources (lipocalins, parvalbumins, serum albumins, tropomyosins) and explains their diagnostic and clinical utility. Part D lists 100 important allergen molecules. In conclusion, IgE-mediated reactions and allergic diseases, including allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, food reactions, and insect sting reactions, are discussed from a novel molecular perspective. The EAACI MAUG documents the rapid progression of molecular allergology from basic research to its integration into clinical practice, a quantum leap in the management of allergic patients.
558 citations
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TL;DR: This chapter describes the pre-test conditions, the materials required and the protocol for conducting and interpreting the results of these two related tests of spatial working memory and spontaneous alternation in mice.
Abstract: The Y-maze can be used to assess short term memory in mice. Spontaneous alternation, a measure of spatial working memory, can be assessed by allowing mice to explore all three arms of the maze and is driven by an innate curiosity of rodents to explore previously unvisited areas. A mouse with intact working memory, and hence intact prefrontal cortical functions, will remember the arms previously visited and show a tendency to enter a less recently visited arm. Spatial reference memory, which is underlined by the hippocampus, can also be tested by placing the test mice into the Y-maze with one arm closed off during training. After an intertrial interval of for example 1 h, the mouse should remember which arm it has not explored previously and should visit this arm more often. This chapter describes the pre-test conditions, the materials required and the protocol for conducting and interpreting the results of these two related tests.
439 citations
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TL;DR: A summary of recent literature on hormonal and neural effects of racial discrimination and a synthesis of potential neurobiological pathways by which discrimination affects mental health are provided.
Abstract: Ethnic minority groups across the world face a complex set of adverse social and psychological challenges linked to their minority status, often involving racial discrimination. Racial discrimination is increasingly recognized as an important contributing factor to health disparities among non-dominant ethnic minorities. A growing body of literature has recognized these health disparities and has investigated the relationship between racial discrimination and poor health outcomes. Chronically elevated cortisol levels and a dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis appear to mediate effects of racial discrimination on allostatic load and disease. Racial discrimination seems to converge on the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and may impair the function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hence showing substantial similarities to chronic social stress. This review provides a summary of recent literature on hormonal and neural effects of racial discrimination and a synthesis of potential neurobiological pathways by which discrimination affects mental health.
397 citations
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TL;DR: It has become clear that most governments in the world underestimated the risks of rapid COVID-19 spread and were mostly reactive in their crisis response, requiring proactive international actions to not only save lives but also protect economic prosperity.
Abstract: COVID-19 is not only a global pandemic and public health crisis; it has also severely affected the global economy and financial markets. Significant reductions in income, a rise in unemployment, and disruptions in the transportation, service, and manufacturing industries are among the consequences of the disease mitigation measures that have been implemented in many countries. It has become clear that most governments in the world underestimated the risks of rapid COVID-19 spread and were mostly reactive in their crisis response. As disease outbreaks are not likely to disappear in the near future, proactive international actions are required to not only save lives but also protect economic prosperity.
372 citations
Authors
Showing all 413 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Frank H. Collins | 96 | 342 | 44638 |
Alex Loukas | 77 | 375 | 19348 |
Rob Sanson-Fisher | 73 | 610 | 21489 |
Jonathan Golledge | 65 | 502 | 15814 |
Norelle L. Daly | 63 | 231 | 11792 |
Quique Bassat | 61 | 422 | 19713 |
Scott A. Ritchie | 60 | 292 | 14267 |
Adrian Esterman | 56 | 357 | 12173 |
Istvan Toth | 53 | 571 | 13066 |
Patricia M. Graves | 50 | 179 | 6652 |
Louis Schofield | 49 | 103 | 7796 |
Denise L. Doolan | 49 | 199 | 10581 |
Sandra C. Thompson | 47 | 314 | 10973 |
F. Richard Keene | 46 | 171 | 6741 |
Thomas R. Burkot | 44 | 144 | 8363 |