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Institution

Australian National University

EducationCanberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
About: Australian National University is a education organization based out in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 34419 authors who have published 109261 publications receiving 4315448 citations. The organization is also known as: The Australian National University & ANU.
Topics: Population, Galaxy, Stars, Zircon, Politics


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, surface forces between molecularly smooth mica sheets were measured in Na+ and K+ aqueous salt solutions (at ∼10−3 M) both at 21°C and, for the case of Na+, at 65°C.
Abstract: Surface forces between molecularly smooth mica sheets were measured in Na+ and K+ aqueous salt solutions (at ∼10−3 M) both at 21°C and, for the case of Na+, at 65°C. Additional short-range repulsive forces were found to be the same at both temperatures. In very low concentrations of electrolyte solution (∼5 × 10−6M) and in hydrochloric acid solutions (up to 1.2 × 10−3M) these forces were completely absent-giving force curves in very good agreement with DLVO theory. Analysis of these force-interaction results appears to prove conclusively the existence of counterion hydration forces on mica. These forces apparently also prevent both bubble coalescence and coagulation of latex colloids at high concentrations of electrolyte. The total interaction between charged colloidal surfaces should involve, as apparently in the case of mica, both short-range repulsive forces due to bound partially hydrated ions and a longer range repulsion due to hydrated counterions in the compressed double-layer. These “hydration” forces should be present in many colloidal systems and be dominant in those with high negative charge densities and little possibility of hydrogen bonding to adjacent water layers. Surfaces consisting of ionic species (e.g., Zwitterionic lecithin bilayers) should give rise to repulsive forces due to the surface ion hydration effects only.

530 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A bifacial model for the functional interaction of PsbS with photosystem II is proposed, based on the extent of qE inhibition in the mutants, photochemical and nonphotochemical quenching processes of Photosystem II were associated with distinct chlorophyll fluorescence life-time distribution components.

530 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the field of the EPR gedanken experiment, from the original paper of Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen, through to modern theoretical proposals of how to realize both the continuous-variable and discrete versions of EPR paradox.
Abstract: This Colloquium examines the field of the Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) gedanken experiment, from the original paper of Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen, through to modern theoretical proposals of how to realize both the continuous-variable and discrete versions of the EPR paradox. The relationship with entanglement and Bell's theorem are analyzed, and the progress to date towards experimental confirmation of the EPR paradox is summarized, with a detailed treatment of the continuous-variable paradox in laser-based experiments. Practical techniques covered include continuous-wave parametric amplifier and optical fiber quantum soliton experiments. Current proposals for extending EPR experiments to massive-particle systems are discussed, including spin squeezing, atomic position entanglement, and quadrature entanglement in ultracold atoms. Finally, applications of this technology to quantum key distribution, quantum teleportation, and entanglement swapping are examined.

530 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The solution of the zero-field "eight-vertex" model is presented in this article, which includes the square lattice Ising, dimer, ice, $F, and KDP models as special cases.
Abstract: The solution of the zero-field "eight-vertex" model is presented. This model includes the square lattice Ising, dimer, ice, $F$, and KDP models as special cases. It is found that in general the free energy has a branch-point singularity at a phase transition, with a continuously variable exponent.

530 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: This paper examined the influence of institutional environment on capital structure and debt maturity choices by examining a cross-section of firms in 39 developed and developing countries and found that firms in countries that are viewed as more corrupt tend to use less equity and more debt, especially short-term debt, while firms operating within legal systems that provide better protection for financial claimants tend to have capital structures with more equity, and relatively more longterm debt.
Abstract: This study examines the influence of institutional environment on capital structure and debt maturity choices by examining a cross-section of firms in 39 developed and developing countries. We find that a country's legal and tax system, the level of corruption and the preferences of capital suppliers explain a significant portion of the variation in leverage and debt maturity ratios. Our evidence indicate that firms in countries that are viewed as more corrupt tend to use less equity and more debt, especially short-term debt, while firms operating within legal systems that provide better protection for financial claimants tend to have capital structures with more equity, and relatively more long-term debt. In addition, the existence of an explicit bankruptcy code and/or deposit insurance is associated with higher leverage and more long-term debt. We also find that firms tend to use more debt in countries where there is a greater tax gain from leverage, while firms in countries with larger government bond markets have lower leverage, suggesting that government bonds tend to crowd out corporate debt. Countries with more extensive defined benefit pension funds have higher debt ratios and longer debt maturities, whereas those with more extensive defined contribution fund activities have lower debt ratios. In addition, debt ratios are lower in countries that limit the bond holdings of pension funds. Finally, we do not find a significant association between financing choices and the size of the insurance industry.

529 citations


Authors

Showing all 34925 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Cyrus Cooper2041869206782
Nicholas G. Martin1921770161952
David R. Williams1782034138789
Krzysztof Matyjaszewski1691431128585
Anton M. Koekemoer1681127106796
Robert G. Webster15884390776
Ashok Kumar1515654164086
Andrew White1491494113874
Bernhard Schölkopf1481092149492
Paul Mitchell146137895659
Liming Dai14178182937
Thomas J. Smith1401775113919
Michael J. Keating140116976353
Joss Bland-Hawthorn136111477593
Harold A. Mooney135450100404
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023280
2022773
20215,261
20205,464
20195,109
20184,825