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Institution

Australian Research Council

GovernmentCanberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
About: Australian Research Council is a government organization based out in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & T cell. The organization has 2580 authors who have published 3317 publications receiving 129299 citations. The organization is also known as: ARC & arc.gov.au.
Topics: Population, T cell, Galaxy, T-cell receptor, Antigen


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that neutralization level is highly predictive of immune protection, and an evidence-based model of SARS-CoV-2 immune protection that will assist in developing vaccine strategies to control the future trajectory of the pandemic is provided.
Abstract: Predictive models of immune protection from COVID-19 are urgently needed to identify correlates of protection to assist in the future deployment of vaccines. To address this, we analyzed the relationship between in vitro neutralization levels and the observed protection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection using data from seven current vaccines and from convalescent cohorts. We estimated the neutralization level for 50% protection against detectable SARS-CoV-2 infection to be 20.2% of the mean convalescent level (95% confidence interval (CI) = 14.4–28.4%). The estimated neutralization level required for 50% protection from severe infection was significantly lower (3% of the mean convalescent level; 95% CI = 0.7–13%, P = 0.0004). Modeling of the decay of the neutralization titer over the first 250 d after immunization predicts that a significant loss in protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection will occur, although protection from severe disease should be largely retained. Neutralization titers against some SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern are reduced compared with the vaccine strain, and our model predicts the relationship between neutralization and efficacy against viral variants. Here, we show that neutralization level is highly predictive of immune protection, and provide an evidence-based model of SARS-CoV-2 immune protection that will assist in developing vaccine strategies to control the future trajectory of the pandemic. Estimates of the levels of neutralizing antibodies necessary for protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 or severe COVID-19 are a fraction of the mean level in convalescent serum and will be useful in guiding vaccine rollouts.

2,705 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: New global maps of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification at an unprecedented 1-km resolution for the present-day and for projected future conditions under climate change are presented, providing valuable indications of the reliability of the classifications.
Abstract: We present new global maps of the Koppen-Geiger climate classification at an unprecedented 1-km resolution for the present-day (1980–2016) and for projected future conditions (2071–2100) under climate change. The present-day map is derived from an ensemble of four high-resolution, topographically-corrected climatic maps. The future map is derived from an ensemble of 32 climate model projections (scenario RCP8.5), by superimposing the projected climate change anomaly on the baseline high-resolution climatic maps. For both time periods we calculate confidence levels from the ensemble spread, providing valuable indications of the reliability of the classifications. The new maps exhibit a higher classification accuracy and substantially more detail than previous maps, particularly in regions with sharp spatial or elevation gradients. We anticipate the new maps will be useful for numerous applications, including species and vegetation distribution modeling. The new maps including the associated confidence maps are freely available via www.gloh2o.org/koppen . Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)

2,434 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: RNAs appear to comprise a hidden layer of internal signals that control various levels of gene expression in physiology and development, including chromatin architecture/epigenetic memory, transcription, RNA splicing, editing, translation and turnover.
Abstract: The term non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is commonly employed for RNA that does not encode a protein, but this does not mean that such RNAs do not contain information nor have function. Although it has been generally assumed that most genetic information is transacted by proteins, recent evidence suggests that the majority of the genomes of mammals and other complex organisms is in fact transcribed into ncRNAs, many of which are alternatively spliced and/or processed into smaller products. These ncRNAs include microRNAs and snoRNAs (many if not most of which remain to be identified), as well as likely other classes of yet-to-be-discovered small regulatory RNAs, and tens of thousands of longer transcripts (including complex patterns of interlacing and overlapping sense and antisense transcripts), most of whose functions are unknown. These RNAs (including those derived from introns) appear to comprise a hidden layer of internal signals that control various levels of gene expression in physiology and development, including chromatin architecture/epigenetic memory, transcription, RNA splicing, editing, translation and turnover. RNA regulatory networks may determine most of our complex characteristics, play a significant role in disease and constitute an unexplored world of genetic variation both within and between species.

2,204 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Xiaowu Wang1, Hanzhong Wang, Jun Wang2, Jun Wang3, Jun Wang4, Rifei Sun, Jian Wu, Shengyi Liu, Yinqi Bai4, Jeong-Hwan Mun5, Ian Bancroft6, Feng Cheng, Sanwen Huang, Xixiang Li, Wei Hua, Junyi Wang4, Xiyin Wang7, Xiyin Wang8, Michael Freeling9, J. Chris Pires10, Andrew H. Paterson7, Boulos Chalhoub, Bo Wang4, Alice Hayward11, Alice Hayward12, Andrew G. Sharpe13, Beom-Seok Park5, Bernd Weisshaar14, Binghang Liu4, Bo Li4, Bo Liu, Chaobo Tong, Chi Song4, Chris Duran12, Chris Duran15, Chunfang Peng4, Geng Chunyu4, Chushin Koh13, Chuyu Lin4, David Edwards12, David Edwards15, Desheng Mu4, Di Shen, Eleni Soumpourou6, Fei Li, Fiona Fraser6, Gavin C. Conant10, Gilles Lassalle16, Graham J.W. King2, Guusje Bonnema17, Haibao Tang9, Haiping Wang, Harry Belcram, Heling Zhou4, Hideki Hirakawa, Hiroshi Abe, Hui Guo7, Hui Wang, Huizhe Jin7, Isobel A. P. Parkin18, Jacqueline Batley11, Jacqueline Batley12, Jeong-Sun Kim5, Jérémy Just, Jianwen Li4, Jiaohui Xu4, Jie Deng, Jin A Kim5, Jingping Li7, Jingyin Yu, Jinling Meng19, Jinpeng Wang8, Jiumeng Min4, Julie Poulain20, Katsunori Hatakeyama, Kui Wu4, Li Wang8, Lu Fang, Martin Trick6, Matthew G. Links18, Meixia Zhao, Mina Jin5, Nirala Ramchiary21, Nizar Drou22, Paul J. Berkman12, Paul J. Berkman15, Qingle Cai4, Quanfei Huang4, Ruiqiang Li4, Satoshi Tabata, Shifeng Cheng4, Shu Zhang4, Shujiang Zhang, Shunmou Huang, Shusei Sato, Silong Sun, Soo-Jin Kwon5, Su-Ryun Choi21, Tae-Ho Lee7, Wei Fan4, Xiang Zhao4, Xu Tan7, Xun Xu4, Yan Wang, Yang Qiu, Ye Yin4, Yingrui Li4, Yongchen Du, Yongcui Liao, Yong Pyo Lim21, Yoshihiro Narusaka, Yupeng Wang8, Zhenyi Wang8, Zhenyu Li4, Zhiwen Wang4, Zhiyong Xiong10, Zhonghua Zhang 
TL;DR: The annotation and analysis of the draft genome sequence of Brassica rapa accession Chiifu-401-42, a Chinese cabbage, and used Arabidopsis thaliana as an outgroup for investigating the consequences of genome triplication, such as structural and functional evolution.
Abstract: We report the annotation and analysis of the draft genome sequence of Brassica rapa accession Chiifu-401-42, a Chinese cabbage. We modeled 41,174 protein coding genes in the B. rapa genome, which has undergone genome triplication. We used Arabidopsis thaliana as an outgroup for investigating the consequences of genome triplication, such as structural and functional evolution. The extent of gene loss (fractionation) among triplicated genome segments varies, with one of the three copies consistently retaining a disproportionately large fraction of the genes expected to have been present in its ancestor. Variation in the number of members of gene families present in the genome may contribute to the remarkable morphological plasticity of Brassica species. The B. rapa genome sequence provides an important resource for studying the evolution of polyploid genomes and underpins the genetic improvement of Brassica oil and vegetable crops.

1,811 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The recent development of defined mutagenesis systems for Leptospira heralds the potential for gaining a much improved understanding of pathogenesis in leptospirosis, and shows promise for the development of vaccines based on defined protective antigens.

1,764 citations


Authors

Showing all 2612 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Martin White1962038232387
Andrew White1491494113874
John R. Hodges14981282709
Shi-Zhang Qiao14252380888
Paul Jackson141137293464
Jun Chen136185677368
Joss Bland-Hawthorn136111477593
Hugh P. Possingham12984759759
James Whelan12878689180
Aldo Saavedra12668171192
Graham D. Farquhar12436875181
David B. Lindenmayer11995459129
Jacqueline Batley119121268752
Martin Asplund11861252527
William L. Griffin11786261494
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202326
202280
2021419
2020407
2019398
2018310