Banaras Hindu University

About: Banaras Hindu University is a education organization based out in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Dielectric. The organization has 11858 authors who have published 23917 publications receiving 464677 citations. The organization is also known as: Kashi Hindu Vishvavidyalay & Benares Hindu University.

Measurement of direct photon production in p+p collisions at s=200GeV

Abstract: Cross sections for midrapidity production of direct photons in p+p collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are reported for transverse momenta of 3 5 GeV/c, where the uncertainties of the measurement and theory are comparable. We also report on the effect of requiring the photons to be isolated from parton jet energy. The observed fraction of isolated photons is well described by pQCD for p(T)> 7 GeV/c.

Synthesis, Structure and Light-Harvesting Properties of Some New Transition-Metal Dithiocarbamates Involving Ferrocene

Abstract: Nine new transition-metal di-thiocarbamates involving ferrocene (Fc), namely, [M(FcCH2Bzdtc)2] (M = NiII(1), Cu II (2), CdII (3), HgII (4), PdII (5), PtII (6) and PbII (7); Bzdtc = N-benzyl dithiocarbamate) and [M(FcCH2BZdtc)3] (M = CoII (8) and UO2 (9)), have been synthesised and characterised by micro analyses, IR spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR spec-troscopy, and in three cases by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The peak broad-ening in the 1H spectrum of the copper complex indicates the paramagnetic be-haviour of this compound. A square-planar geometry around the nickel and copper complexes and distorted linear geometry around the mercury complex have been found. The latter geometry is attributed to the bulkiness of the methylferrocenyl and benzyl groups. The observed single quasi-reversible cyclic voltammograms for complexes 2, 8 and 9 indicate the stabilisation of a metal centre other than Fe in their characteristic oxidation state. These complexes have been used as a photo-sensitiser in dye-sensitised solar cells. 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA dithiocarbamates, fer-rocene, heterometallic complexes, solar cells, transition metals.

Season and Tissue Type Affect Fungal Endophyte Communities of the Indian Medicinal Plant Tinospora cordifolia More Strongly than Geographic Location

Abstract: A total of 1,151 endophytic fungal isolates representing 29 taxa were isolated from symptom-less, surface-sterilized segments of stem, leaf, petiole, and root of Tinospora cordifolia which had been collected at three locations differing in air pollution in India (Ramnagar, Banaras Hindu University, Maruadih) during three seasons (summer, monsoon, winter). Endophytes were most abundant in leaf tissues (29.38% of all isolates), followed by stem (18.16%), petiole (10.11%), and root segments (6.27%). The frequency of colonization (CF) varied more strongly among tissue type and season than location. CF was maximal during monsoon followed by winter and minimal during summer. A species each of Guignardia and Acremonium could only be isolated from leaves, whereas all other species occurred in at least two tissue types. Penicillium spp. were dominant (12.62% of all isolates), followed by Colletotrichum spp. (11.8%), Cladosporium spp. (8.9%), Chaetomium globosum (8.1%), Curvularia spp. (7.6%), and Alternaria alternata (6.8%). Species richness, evenness, and the Shannon–Wiener diversity index followed the same pattern as the CF with the tissue type and the season having the greatest effect on these indices, suggesting that tissue type and season are more influential than geography. Dissimilarity of endophyte communities in regards to species composition was highest among seasons. Colletotrichum linicola occurred almost exclusively in winter, Fusarium oxysporum only in winter and summer but never during monsoon and Curvularia lunata only in winter and during monsoon but never in summer. Emissions of NO2, SO2, and suspended particulate matter were negatively correlated with the CF. Ozone did not have any effect. The frequency of most species declined with increasing pollution, but some showed an opposite trend (e.g., Aspergillus flavus). Five unnamed taxa (sterile mycelia) were identified as Aspergillus tubingensis, Colletotrichum crassipes, Botryosphaeria rhodina, Aspergillus sydowii, and Pseudofusicoccum violaceum, using molecular tools. Fifteen of the 29 endophyte taxa exhibited antibacterial activity. B. rhodina (JQ031157) and C. globosum showed activity against all bacterial human pathogens tested, with the former showing higher activity than the latter.

Metal sorption by algal biomass: From batch to continuous system

Abstract: Algal biomass possesses tremendous metal binding ability and therefore has great potential for gleaning these pollutants from wastewaters. The algal cell wall and exopolymers contain diverse functional groups which confer negative charge to cell surface. Since metal ions in water are generally in cationic form, they are adsorbed onto the cell surface. Biosorption of metal ions from aqueous solution is influenced by various factors, such as, pH, charge density of metal ion, concentration of metal ion, concentration of interfering metal ions, nutrient availability, nature of biomass, culture age, temperature and contact time. Batch studies are very important for collecting information for subsequent application on a large scale. Continuous flow studies, like those conducted in packed bed column, seem more efficient and economically feasible than the batch operation for metal sorption. Various kinds of sorption isotherms have been used for the assessment of maximum sorption capacity. The data of metal sorption obtained from continuous system are generally expressed in the form of breakthrough curves. The shape and size of breakthrough curve is influenced by several factors, such as, metal concentration, flow rate, bed height, size of biosorbent particle, solution composition, and packing of column/density biosorbent in the column. Adam-Bohart, Thomas, mass transfer model, advection–dispersion-reaction equation and bed-depth-service-time model have been developed for elucidating breakthrough curve. However, new approaches, such as artificial neural networking and response surface methodology need adequate attention for modeling of breakthrough curves and metal sorption in multi-metal systems.

Hydrochemistry and Quality Assessment of Groundwater in Naini Industrial Area, Allahabad District, Uttar Pradesh

Abstract: The chemical characteristics of groundwater in and around the industrial area of Naini district, Allahabad have been studied to evaluate the suitability of water for irrigation and domestic uses. Sixty five water samples representing the shallow and deep groundwater of the area were collected and analysed for pH, EC, TDS, HCO 3 , CO 3 , SO 4 , Cl, Ca, Mg, Na and K. It is observed that the quality of the groundwater is suitable for domestic use with some exception. The observed high quantity of heavy metals at some sites requires immediate attention and detailed study. The calculated values of SAR, RSC and sodium percentage indicate the good to permissible quality of water. However, the high sodium percentage and RSC values at certain sites restrict its suitability for agricultural purposes.