Banaras Hindu University

About: Banaras Hindu University is a education organization based out in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Dielectric. The organization has 11858 authors who have published 23917 publications receiving 464677 citations. The organization is also known as: Kashi Hindu Vishvavidyalay & Benares Hindu University.

Antioxidant activity of active tannoid principles of Emblica officinalis (amla).

Abstract: The antioxidant activity of tannoid active principles of £. oJJicinalis consisti ng of emblicanin A (37%), emblicanin B (33%). punigluconin ( 12%) and pedunculagin ( 14%), was investigated on th e basis of th eir effects on rat brain fron tal corti cal and striatal concentrat io ns of the oxid ati ve free radical scavenging enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and g lutathione perox id ase (GPX), and lip id peroxidation, in te rm s of thiobarbituric acid-reactive products. T he results were' compared with effects induced by depreny l, a selective monoamine oxid ase (MAO) B inhibit or with well documented antiox id ant activity. T he active tannoids of E. oJJicinalis (EaT), administered in th e doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. i.p .. and deprenyl (2 mg/kg, i.p.), induced an increase in both frontal cort ical and striatal SOD, CAT and GPX ac ti vit y, with concomit ant decrease in lipid peroxidation in these brain areas when administered o nce da il y for 7 days. Acute s in gle administrati on of EaT and deprenyl had in s ignificant effects. The result s a lso i di cate that th e an tioxidant acti vit y of £. ojJicinalis may reside in the tan noids of the fruit s o f th e plant, which have vita min C- li ke properties. rather th an vitamin C it self. Embli ca officinalis Gaertn., kn own as amla, a member of a small gen us Emblica (family Euphorbiaceae), is extensively found a ll over India, as well as Sri lanka, Malaya, China, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The fruits of th e plant have been used in Ayurv eda as a potent rasayana l ,2. The rasayanas are used to promote health a nd longevity by increasing defence against disease, arresti ng the ag in g process and revit a li z in g the body in debilitated conditions 2 • T he c lini cal efficacy of the fruits of E. officinalis are he ld in hi gh esteem in Ayurveda and amla is referred to as a maha;asayana 2 • The fruits form th e maj or constitu ent of Chyavanprash awaleha, a poly herbal Ayurvedic rasayana preparation described in Charaka Samhita.l. This preparati on is widely Ll sed in thi s country for its preventive, curative and health restorative pro pe rti es. Ex perimenta l stud ies conducted with extracts of the fruit s of E. oflicinalis indicate that they have s ignifi cant cytoprotective effect against isoprena lin e-induced myocardial lI1Ju ry, radiation induced chromosomal damage and heavy metal induced hepatoxicity and nephrotoxic it/. C linical studies suggest that the fruits have anabol ic activit/. Experimenta l in vestigations on Chyavanprash have s hown th at it exhibits s ignificant adaptogenic,

Evidence for MB and MC phases in the morphotropic phase boundary region of (1-x)[Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]-xPbTiO3: A Rietveld study

Abstract: We present here the results of the room-temperature dielectric measurements and Rietveld analysis of the powder x-ray diffraction data on $(1\ensuremath{-}x)[\mathrm{Pb}({\mathrm{Mg}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{2/3}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}]\ensuremath{-}x{\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}(\mathrm{PMN}\ensuremath{-}x\mathrm{PT})$ in the composition range $0.20l~xl~0.45$ to show that the morphotropic phase boundary region contains two monoclinic phases with space groups Cm (or ${M}_{B}$ type) and Pm (or ${M}_{C}$ type) stable in the composition ranges $0.27l~xl~0.30$ and $0.31l~xl~0.34,$ respectively. The structure of $\mathrm{PMN}\ensuremath{-}x\mathrm{PT}$ in the composition ranges $0l~xl~0.26$ and $0.35l~xl~1$ is found to be rhombohedral (R3m) and tetragonal (P4mm), respectively. These results are compared with the predictions of Vanderbilt Cohen's theory.

Osmotically Controlled Oral Drug Delivery

Abstract: It is advantageous to deliver some drugs with short half-life, and which are to be given frequently for chronic ailments, in the form of controlled-release (CR) formulations. The orally administered drugs, in the form of conventional matrix or reservoir type formulations, pose problems of bioavailability fluctuations due to gastric pH variations. Moreover, the release of drug(s) from these systems is affected by the hydrodynamic conditions of the body. Osmotically controlled drug delivery systems utilize the principles of osmotic pressure for the controlled delivery of active agent(s). The release rate of drug(s) from these systems is independent of the physiological factors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to a large extent. In the present review, theory underlying the delivery of drugs from osmotic systems is presented. Different types of oral osmotic systems, their advantages over conventional matrix and reservoir types of systems, and their applications are also discussed. Finally, some of the limit...