Bar-Ilan University

About: Bar-Ilan University is a education organization based out in Ramat Gan, Israel. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 12835 authors who have published 34964 publications receiving 995648 citations. The organization is also known as: Bar Ilan University & BIU.

Investment in general training: the role of information and labour mobility*

Abstract: Following the seminal work of Becker (I964), it is widely accepted in the literature that firms will be unwilling to finance training which workers may use in other firms. This paper takes issue with this prediction and suggests that firms will frequently share in the cost of such general training.1 Becker argues that a firm which pays for the training of workers in skills of potential use to other firms will lose these workers: since other firms bear none of the costs of general training, they can attract a worker with such training by outbidding the firm which trained him. Recognising this absence of property rights over an investment in general training, firms will refuse to provide it. Hence, if general training is to take place, the trainee will have to pay for it. If potential trainees are unwilling or unable to pay, general training will not take place. A shortage in general training is likely to emerge; this may be especially pronounced in developing countries.2 In contrast, the outlook for

Lithium Metal Anodes: Toward an Improved Understanding of Coupled Morphological, Electrochemical, and Mechanical Behavior

Abstract: Li metal anodes are often considered a “holy grail” in the field of rechargeable batteries. Accordingly, the research community continuously seeks new strategies to improve their cyclability and reduce interfacial degradation. However, many recent reports focus on approaches that mitigate the symptoms of poor performance due to dendrites without addressing the underlying root cause of why they form and how they evolve. We propose that an emphasis on purely performance-based metrics has diluted the community’s understanding of why a certain methodology is (un)successful. Furthermore, the lack of consistent protocols for reporting cell performance and inconsistent terminology for describing physical phenomena that occur at the Li anode make quantitative comparison difficult. The goal of this Perspective is to motivate the need for more consistent and fundamental research on the interfacial electrochemistry on Li metal anodes. Herein we provide an overview of: 1) recent advances in understanding the fundamen...

Parent–Infant Synchrony Biological Foundations and Developmental Outcomes

Abstract: Synchrony—a construct used across multiple fields to denote the temporal relationship between events—has been applied to the study of mother–infant interaction and is suggested here as a framework for the study of interpersonal relationships. Defined as the temporal coordination of micro-level social behavior, parent–infant synchrony is charted in its development across infancy from the initial consolidation of biological rhythms during pregnancy to the emergence of symbolic exchange between parent and child. Synchrony is shown to depend on physiological mechanisms supporting bond formation in mammals—particularly physiological oscillators and neuroendocrine systems such as those involving the hormone oxytocin. Developmental outcomes of the synchrony experience are observed in the domains of self-regulation, symbol use, and the capacity for empathy across childhood and adolescence. Specific disruptions to the parameters of synchrony that may be observed in various pathological conditions, such as prematur...

Attachment styles and repressive defensiveness: the accessibility and architecture of affective memories.

Abstract: One hundred and twenty Israeli students were classified into secure, avoidant, and anxious-ambivalent attachment groups. They completed scales that tap the construct of repressive defensiveness and recalled early personal experiences of anger, anxiety, sadness, and happiness. Secure people reported moderate defensiveness and low anxiety and had easy access to negative memories without being overwhelmed by the spreading of the dominant emotional tone to nondominant emotions. Anxious-ambivalent people were unable to repress negative affects, reported high anxiety, had easy access to negative memories, and could not inhibit emotional spreading. Avoidant people reported high levels of defensiveness and anxiety and showed low accessibility to negative memories. The discussion emphasizes the parallel between a person's interaction with the social world and the makeup of his or her inner world.