Showing papers by "Baylor College of Medicine published in 1969"
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified rapid procedure was used to isolate the cardiac relaxing system (CRS) and mitochondria from human, rabbit, and dog, and the estimated initial binding rates (nmoles calcium/mg protein/minute) were 256, 1440 and 182, respectively.
Abstract: Cardiac relaxing system (CRS) and mitochondria were isolated by a modified rapid procedure from human, rabbit, and dog. Relaxing system (sarcoplasmic reticulum) was also isolated from white and red skeletal muscles for comparative purposes. Rapid kinetic measurements were made with a dual-beam spectrophotometric assay procedure. Maximum calcium binding (absence of oxalate), expressed as nmoles calcium/mg protein in 5 minutes at 25°C, for rabbit heart and red and white skeletal muscles were approximately 40, 58 and 170, respectively. The calcium binding constant for rabbit CRS was 2 x 106 M-1. The estimated initial binding rates (nmoles calcium/mg protein/minute) of cardiac, white and red skeletal muscle relaxing systems were 256, 1440 and 182, respectively. The rate constant (M-1 sec-1) of CRS was about 2400, which falls between white and red skeletal muscle preparations. Human cardiac muscle from recipients obtained at the time of transplantation yielded CRS with slower rates of accumulation of calcium and very little calcium release, compared to normal animal heart preparations. ATP was the most effective of four nucleoside triphosphates in supporting calcium binding and uptake. Calcium binding and release and calcium uptake of CRS were temperature-sensitive. The energies of activation of binding and uptake were 10.5 kcal mole-1 and 22.5 kcal mole-1, respectively. Under specific conditions, heart mitochondria accumulated calcium at a rate faster than CRS. Mitochondria could also release accumulated calcium.
478 citations
TL;DR: NMR spectra of muscle water suggest that it exists in at least two ordered phases, which can be distinguished by the widths of their NMR signals, by deuterium exchange and by vacuum drying.
Abstract: NMR spectra of muscle water suggest that it exists in at least two ordered phases, which can be distinguished by the widths of their NMR signals, by deuterium exchange and by vacuum drying. Heat denaturation of muscle protein lessens this ordering.
288 citations
TL;DR: A transplantable tumor of inbred mice was obtained by inoculating BALB/c mice subcutaneously with SV40‐transformed mouse kidney (mKS‐A) cells, and sera from the tumor‐bearing mice contained antibodies to the SV40 T‐antigen.
Abstract: A transplantable tumor of inbred mice was obtained by inoculating BALB/c mice subcutaneously with SV40-transformed mouse kidney (mKS-A) cells. Tumors were produced by mKS-A cells in the 71st cell culture passage, but not by cells in the 26th passage. The tumor line has been serially passed in BALB/c mice 14 times. In vitro cell culture lines were derived from tumors after 1, 2, 8, 10 and 12 passages in mice. The tumors, as well as the In vitro tumor cell lines, contained SV40 T-antigen, and sera from the tumor-bearing mice contained antibodies to the SV40 T-antigen. SV40 was rescued from the In vitro tumor cell lines after fusion with green monkey kidney (CV-1) cells in the presence of UV-irradiated Sendai virus.
The In vitro tumor cell lines derived from mouse passages 8, 10 and 12 were used as SV40 virus; 2) SV40-transformed cell lines; 3) primary mouse (BALB/c or Yale Swiss) kidney cells, or 4) primary mouse (BALB/c or Yale Swiss) embryo cells. These results showed that the tumor line and the In vitro tumor cell lines have the transplantation antigen.
163 citations
TL;DR: The high frequency of pulmonary infection by mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis can be interpreted to represent an apparent mutation resulting from environmental factors within the host.
Abstract: The high frequency of pulmonary infection by mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis can be interpreted to represent an apparent mutation resulting from environmental factors within the host
146 citations
118 citations
TL;DR: Denaturation and renaturation studies indicate that the viral genome is a single-stranded DNA molecule and that each virion contains either a minus or a plus strand.
Abstract: Based on physical and chemical determinations, the mnolecular weight of the type 4 adeno-satellite virus is 5.4 X 106 daltons, and the virion contains 1.4 X 106 daltons of DNA. Denaturation and renaturation studies indicate that the viral genome is a single-stranded DNA molecule and that each virion contains either a minus or a plus strand. Upon extraction, the minus and plus strands unite to form double-stranded DNA molecules with no obvious excess of unpaired strands.
100 citations
TL;DR: Mature bovine and rabbit lenticular phosphatidylethanolamine contains 35 and 29 mole% of ethanolamine plasmalogens, respectively, andPlasmalogenic aldehydes from both species are made up primarily of analogues of palmitic, stearic, and Oleic acids, oleic being the most abundant in each.
90 citations
TL;DR: Prostaglandins of the A, B, E and F series, together with 8-iso-E1, have been separated and characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry through the use of TMSi and MO-TMSi derivatives as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Prostaglandins of the A, B, E and F series, together with 8-iso-E1, have been separated and characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry through the use of TMSi and MO-TMSi derivatives. These derivatives are suitable for work with GLC systems with flame ionization detectors. Additional derivatives must be sought for detection by electron capture techniques.
55 citations
53 citations
TL;DR: In a study being reported concurrently, it is confirmed that a pool of fifth passage sera from marmoset originally inoculated with human hepatitis material was transmissible in marmosets and produced a hepatitislike picture.
Abstract: In a study being reported concurrently, we confirmed the observation of Deinhardt et al. [1] that a pool of fifth passage sera from marmosets originally inoculated with human hepatitis material was transmissible in marmosets and produced a hepatitislike picture [2]. That study characterized the infection in marmosets following inoculation with the Barker strain of marmoset hepatitis virus and reported some physical characteristics of the agent. Histological studies demonstrated in the livers of infected animals a characteristic inflam-
51 citations
TL;DR: A direct relationship between the presence of anti-protease factors and growth of cells was shown with a wide variety of sera from different animals and man and the growth-promoting quality of serum was shown to be related to its titer against these enzymes.
TL;DR: Using infectious marmoset sera kindly supplied by Deinhardt and Holmes, the existence of a transmissible hepatitis in marmosets is confirmed and the physical properties of the virus and the characteristic features of the infection are investigated.
Abstract: The study of human viral hepatitis has been hampered by lack of susceptible tissue cultures or animals [1, 2]. An encouraging lead was recently obtained by Deinhardt et al. [3] who inoculated human sera into marmosets and obtained from the serum of certain inoculated animals a transmissible agent that produced histologic hepatitis associated with a rise in serum transaminase. Their initial report dealt with the isolation of the virus from human materials and with the clinical and histological features of the infection in marmosets. Hepatitis was not found in control animals in their study. A brief report [4] noted that commercial pooled human IgG strikingly reduced the infectivity of infectious marmoset sera, but this could not be confirmed in later experiments [5]. Using infectious marmoset sera kindly supplied by Deinhardt and Holmes, we have confirmed the existence of a transmissible hepatitis in marmosets and have investigated the physical properties of the virus and the characteristic features of the infection.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the sodium-potasium adenosine triphosphatase plays an important role in urine concetration mechanisms.
Abstract: Sodium-potassium activated adenosine triphosphatase activity was found to be almost twice as high in renal medulla as in cortex. Infusion of digoxin, a specific inhibitor of the enzyme, into one renal artery of the dog resulted in unilateral natriuresis, impaired concentrating capacity, and reduction of the enzyme activity in both cortex and medulla. It is suggested that the sodium-potasium adenosine triphosphatase plays an important role in urine concetration mechanisms.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the magnitudes of the current thresholds to produce these phenomena increase with an increase in frequency.
Abstract: Experiments were conducted in man and the dog to determine the safe levels of sinusoidal alternating current which can be passed through the thorax. The sensation current threshold was determined over a frequency range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz in 8 normal adult males for two different electrode arrangements. The thresholds for vagal stimulation and ventricular fibrillation in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 3 kHz were determined in the dog for the same electrode arrangements, and the data obtained for fibrillation was extrapolated to estimate the comparable levels for man. The results indicate that the magnitudes of the current thresholds to produce these phenomena increase with an increase in frequency. Currents higher than 5 kHz in frequency are recommended for the measurement of physiological events by electrical impedance techniques.
TL;DR: A comparative study was made on the pancreatic and T1 RNase digestion products of Novikoff hepatoma 28 S ribosomal RNA and its nucleolar precursors, i.e. nucleolar 28 S, 35 S, and 45 S RNA.
TL;DR: To develop a reliable method for measuring hemispheric blood flow and metabolism in man, the clearance of hydrogen was measured in the cerebral lateral sinus blood of macaque monkeys after intracarotid injection of hydrogen.
Abstract: To develop a reliable method for measuring hemispheric blood flow and metabolism in man, the clearance of hydrogen was measured in the cerebral lateral sinus blood of macaque monkeys after intracarotid injection. Hydrogen is an inert gas and its clearance from cerebral venous blood depends solely on arterial inflow, and since it is highly diffusible, rapid equilibrium is maintained between brain tissue and its capillary-venous blood. Cerebral venous clearance curves for hydrogen appeared to provide accurate and reproducible measures of cerebral blood flow. A bolus of 0.2 to 0.3 ml of saline saturated with hydrogen was injected rapidly into the internal carotid artery. Electrodes placed on the cortex showed that the bolus was almost exclusively distributed to the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere. Blood flow of each hemisphere was calculated by Meier and Zierler's formula based on the Stewart-Hamilton principle, as well as by compartmental analysis. The values obtained for hemispheric blood flow were in good...
TL;DR: Procedures have been developed for obtaining urinary steroid profiles for newborn human infants and the GLC profiles contain five steroids which have been identified previously, and numerous steroids which are not yet identified.
TL;DR: The difference in survival time between the transplant patients and the potential recipients does not justify wide clinical application of cardiac transplantation, but is an indication for its use in suitable cases where it may prolong life and relieve symptoms.
TL;DR: Relative rates of O 18 incorporation have been measured for the acid catalyzed exchange reaction between H 2 O 18 and steroidal ketones, and represents an example of the considerable utility of mass spectrometry in obtaining kinetic data.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of communication on game play in the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game were investigated and it was shown that brief communication had only a little influence once conflict was entrenched.
Abstract: Both Deutsch and Loomis have studied the effects of communication on game play in the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game, theorizing that communication would increase trust and cooperative play. Both hypotheses were supported (Deutsch, 1958; Loomis, 1959). Scodel, Minas, Ratoosh, and Lipetz (1959) permitted communication on a "one shot" basis after 25 trials of the game. Brief communication had only a little influence once conflict was entrenched. In the present study communication is afforded before every trial by means of notes. Both the use and content of the notes are analyzed. A second aspect of this research is the study of the intergroup relationship between the two players. Previous attempts to relate the degree of emotional closeness between existing players to the amount of cooperative play yielded mixed results (Oskamp and Perlman, 1965, 1966 ). In our studies, communication and game behavior are compared when "ingroup" members play each other, and when they play "outgroup" members. Reward parameters have also been manipulated to intensify or minimize the group membership conditions. Finally, an effort has been made here to study the attitudes of the players toward each other before and after the game, to measure trust at all stages of the game, and to relate personality measures to attitudes, trust, communication, and game play.
TL;DR: The ultrastructure of the ring-shaped nucleoli of the leukemic myeloblasts is very similar to that previously described in mature lymphocytes; these findings suggest the nucleolar function is reduced in some myelobasts in acute leukemias.
TL;DR: Heart mitochondria from four species were isolated by a variety of techniques which yielded preparations differing in stability and respiratory control, and liver mitochondria always exhibited reversible ultrastructural transitions which appeared to be associated with changes in respiratory state or electron transport.
TL;DR: To pursue the question of hypothalamic autonomy, ‘non-stress’ and stress levels of corticosterone (Cpd B) were determined fluorometrically in plasma obtained before and after stress from adult female rats with hypothalamic, basal hypothalamic and pituitary islands.
TL;DR: In the rat, ACTH has a direct effect on the juxtaglomerular apparatus causing a rise in plasma renin activity and glucocorticoids have an opposing action.
Abstract: SummaryIn the rat, ACTH effected a transient rise in the level of plasma renin. Pretreatment with glucocorticoids completely inhibited the ACTH-induced renin rise. After adrenalectomy or inhibition of steroidogenesis by aminoglutethimide. ACTH produced a sustained rise in plasma renin level. Thus in the rat, ACTH has a direct effect on the juxtaglomerular apparatus causing a rise in plasma renin activity and glucocorticoids have an opposing action.
TL;DR: Ohno et al. as discussed by the authors suggested that random differentiation of X chromosomes indeed takes place, even when the X-homologues appear structurally modified, even though the single-active-X hypothesis is applicable to systems involving an X/X chromosome translocation has remained to be seen.
Abstract: The phenotypic effects of an X/autosome translocation in mice were among the chief sources of evidence that led to the formulation of the single-active-X hypothesis (Lyon, 1961 ; Russell, 1961 ; Russell, 1963). Even though cytological examinations of such a stock of mice have shown an X-autosome insertion (Ohno & Cattanach, 1962) rather than a typical translocation, reports are available to suggest the occurrence of X/autosome translocations in humans (Mann, Valdmanis, Capps & Puite, 1965; Mukherjee & Burdette, 1966), as well as in other stocks of mice (Ohno & Lyon, 1965). Recent studies have also shown that, in the cow, the segments of an autosome may be translocated simultaneously to an X-chromosome and an autosomal member of the complement (Gustavsson, Fraccaro, Tupolo & Lindsten, 1968). The individual X-chromosomes of all these X autosome translocation bearing mammals do not suggest a random mode of differentiation in accordance with the single-active-X hypothesis. Whether or not this hypothesis is applicable to systems involving an X/X chromosome translocation has remained to be seen. I n this communication, cytological studies are presented from a human female who exhibited a few specific stigmata of Turner’s syndrome. She had two major populations of cells with respect to X-chromosome constitution. One population of cells conformed with 45, XO-chromosome distribution. The structural changes in the X-chromosomes of the other cell population were interpreted as 46 XjX translocation types. It is suggested that random differentiation of X chromosomes indeed takes place, even when the X-homologues appear structurally modified.
TL;DR: Clinical syndromes similar to those described for naturally occurring influenza after inoculation of antibody-free volunteers with a strain of influenza A/equi-2 virus are described.
Abstract: AN antigenic relationship has been established between A/equi-2 influenza virus isolated in 1963 and the 1968 Hong Kong variant of human type A2 influenza virus1. This relationship suggests that the Hong Kong variant was derived from the equine virus. To evaluate this relationship further and to test the possibility of an exchange of viruses between species we have carried out virus challenge studies with normal volunteers. Here we describe the occurrence of clinical syndromes similar to those described for naturally occurring influenza after inoculation of antibody-free volunteers with a strain of influenza A/equi-2 virus.