Showing papers by "Baylor College of Medicine published in 1972"
TL;DR: An abbreviated version of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) is reported, on the basis of previously published data, that scores based on ten of the questions of the MAST would be as effective in discriminating between alcoholics and nonalcoholics as scoresbased on all 25 questions.
Abstract: The authors report an abbreviated version of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST). They hypothesized, on the basis of previously published data, that scores based on ten of the questions of the MAST would be as effective in discriminating between alcoholics and nonalcoholics as scores based on all 25 questions. The responses of 60 alcoholic and 62 nonalcoholic psychiatric patients supported their hypothesis.
819 citations
TL;DR: It was found that SR, in an amount high enough to inhibit superprecipitation at pH 6.5, did not prevent the process when the pH was suddenly increased to 7.3, indicating that the affinity of SR for calcium depends specifically on pH.
Abstract: Calcium release and binding produced by alterations in pH were investigated in isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) from skeletal muscle. When the pH was abruptly increased from 6.46 to 7.82, after calcium loading for 30 sec, 80–90 nanomoles (nmole) of calcium/mg protein were released. When the pH was abruptly decreased from 7.56 to 6.46, after calcium loading for 30 sec, 25–30 nmole of calcium/mg protein were rebound. The calcium release process was shown to be a function of pH change: 57 nmole of calcium were released per 1 pH unit change per mg protein. The amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bound to the SR was not altered by the pH changes. The release phenomenon was not due to alteration of ATP concentration by the increased pH. Native actomyosin was combined with SR in order to study the effectiveness of calcium release from the SR by pH change in inducing super-precipitation of actomyosin. It was found that SR, in an amount high enough to inhibit superprecipitation at pH 6.5, did not prevent the process when the pH was suddenly increased to 7.3, indicating that the affinity of SR for calcium depends specifically on pH. These data suggest the possible participation of hydrogen ion concentration in excitation-contraction coupling.
267 citations
TL;DR: Patients with cerebral infarction treated with glycerol showed significant improvement in neurological status compared to the patients treated with placebo, and the neurological status was evaluated by use of a neurological scoring system.
257 citations
TL;DR: Chinese hamster cells were treated with ethyl methanesulfonate or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, and mutants resistant to 8-azaguanine were selected and characterized, suggesting their point mutational character.
Abstract: Chinese hamster cells were treated with ethyl methanesulfonate or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, and mutants resistant to 8-azaguanine were selected and characterized. Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity of sixteen mutants is extremely negative, making them suitable for reversion to HGPRTase(+). Ten of the extremely negative mutants revert at a frequency higher than 10(-7) suggesting their point mutational character. The remaining mutants have demonstrable HGPRTase activity and are not useful for reversion analysis. Five of these mutants have < 2% HGPRTase and are presumably also HGPRTase point mutants. The remaining 14 mutants utilize exogenous hypoxanthine for nucleic acid synthesis poorly, and possess 20-150% of wild-type HGPRTase activity in in vitro. Their mechanism of 8-azaguanine resistance is not yet defined.
247 citations
TL;DR: Dysrhythmias after Mustard's operation for transposition of the great arteries were studied in 60 patients who survived the operation and in 5 patients who died, presumably from rhythm disturbances, the histologie features of the sinoatrial nodal area were examined.
Abstract: Dysrhythmias after Mustard's operation for transposition of the great arteries were studied in 60 patients who survived the operation. Only 3 patients consistently had sinus rhythm after the operation. In 54 patients, low voltage atrial waves having the configuration of sinus P waves were seen at one time or another. The incidence of passive dysrhythmias remained nearly the same during the follow-up period. Eight patients showed at various times a specific pattern designated junctional rhythm with right inferior P axis. The mean P axis was directed downward, to the right and anteriorly, occurring either before or after the QRS complex with fixed PR or RP intervals. The characteristics of the junctional rhythm with right inferior P axis remained during subsequent attacks of supraventricular tachycardias. Whereas the incidence of sinus rhythm gradually decreased, the incidence of active dysrhythmias increased during follow-up study. There were no instances of second or third degree atrioventricular (A-V) block. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, type A, developed and persisted in 1 patient. In 5 patients who died, presumably from rhythm disturbances, the histologie features of the sinoatrial (S-A) nodal area were examined. In a control group of normal hearts and 1 specimen with unoperated upon transposition, the S-A node and artery were readily identified. In the necropsy material from patients with transposition who had recently undergone Mustard's operation, S-A nodal tissue was identified but fresh hemorrhage and acute inflammation were seen in and about the node. The S-A nodal artery in the 3 patients who died 4 months or more after operation was nearly or completely obliterated by intimai sclerosis and medial hypertrophy. The S-A node was replaced by dense connective tissue and fatty degeneration.
190 citations
TL;DR: Toxicity was not clearly different with any of the three treatment schedules, and most of the patients with only laboratory evidence of toxicity had no associated clinical manifestations, and this did not appear to decrease the likelihood of obtaining a remission.
Abstract: A total of 105 patients with advanced acute leukemia in relapse received 123 trials of L-asparaginase. Three different schedules were used, two of which involved simultaneous administration of vincristine and prednisone. Treatment was temporarily interrupted because of toxicity in 14 patients, and permanently discontinued in an additional 31. In 13 patients, this occurred before 10 doses of L-asparaginase were given, while in the remaining 18 patients, therapy was stopped after remission was attained. The major toxicities were pancreatitis (fatal in four patients), hypersensitivity reactions, disturbances of liver function (fatal in two patients), and clinical and laboratory manifestations of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Diabetic keto-acidosis was encountered in two patients and was fatal in one. Severe leukopenia ascribed to L-asparaginase occurred in two patients, in one of whom it was the contributory cause of death. Toxicity was not clearly different with any of the three treatment schedules. Most of the patients with only laboratory evidence of toxicity had no associated clinical manifestations, and this did not appear to decrease the likelihood of obtaining a remission.
187 citations
TL;DR: The postnatal development of the retina in control (CBA/S) and rodless mice was studied by light and electron microscopy and the role of both Muller and pigment epithelial cells in removal of the products of retinal degeneration is discussed.
Abstract: The postnatal development of the retina in control (CBA/S) and rodless (CBA/Ki) mice was studied by light and electron microscopy. In the control mice, the major increase in retinal thickness occurs between birth and seven days. The inner and outer segments begin to grow into the optic ventricle between seven and ten days with their most rapid growth occurring between 12 to 15 days; by 35 days the retina appears mature. During development, the nuclear layers become thinner while the optic ventricle (layer of rods) and the plexiform layers become thicker. At birth, the mutant or rodless retina is indistinguishable from the control; however, the inner and outer segments fail to develop beyond the primitive seven- to ten-day stage. At 15 days the outer nuclear layer becomes reduced to only a few nuclei in thickness. Many degenerating elements are found in the cavity of the optic ventricle and in the outer nuclear and plexiform layers. By 35 days the mutant retina lacks photoreceptors and is reduced in thickness to less than that at birth. The pigment epithelium is heightened in regions where degeneration is incomplete but becomes highly attenuated in regions where visual cell degeneration is complete. The optic ventricle contains the villous processes of the pigment epithelium and the fringe processes of the Muller cells. The outer limiting membrane is contiguous with remnants of the outer plexiform layer. Between the outer plexiform layer and the inner limiting membrane, the mutant retina is normal in appearance and dimension. The delayed appearance of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the pigment epithelium is implicated in the failure of outer segment maturation. The role of both Muller and pigment epithelial cells in removal of the products of retinal degeneration is discussed.
166 citations
TL;DR: This paper showed that cellular water molecules are at least partly bounded such that the proton correlation time is increased, which supports the notion that ordered water exists in biological tissue and rules out several criticisms of this interpretation.
Abstract: HIGH resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies on rat skeletal muscle have recently shown that cellular water produces an absorption line almost ten times as broad as the line width of pure water1. This suggests that these water molecules are at least partly bounded such that the proton correlation time is increased. Similar observations have also been made for deuterated water in skeletal muscle2 and for H2O in other tissues3–5. Our results further substantiate the notion that ordered water exists in biological tissue and rules out several criticisms of this interpretation.
164 citations
TL;DR: Evidence of left ventricular dysfunction persisted, suggesting that myocardial hypertrophy and reduced ventricular compliance did not regress significantly with weight loss over periods as long as 3 years, indicating that the circulatory effects of gross obesity are largely reversible with weight Loss.
Abstract: Weight reduction programs usually improve the exercise capacity of patients with chronic exogenous obesity. However, the reversibility of left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction associated with obesity is unknown. Accordingly, an analysis was made of hemodynamic data obtained by cardiac catheterization and standard chest roentgenograms in nine markedly obese patients before and after weight loss of 39 to 84 kg (24 to 55% of control weight) over periods of 4 to 34 months. In each case body oxygen uptake (360 to 297 ml/min), blood volume (7.8 to 6.1 liters), cardiac output (7.9 to 6.2 liters/min), and arteriovenous oxygen difference (4.6 to 4.0 vol. %) were significantly reduced after weight loss. Systemic arterial pressure declined (102 to 87 mm Hg) while systemic vascular resistance changed insignificantly (1,067 to 1,141 dynes-sec-cm-5). In seven subjects comparable chest roentgenograms before and after weight reduction revealed decrease in the cardiothoracic ratio, suggesting a reduction in left ventricular dimensions. These results have been interpreted as indicating that the circulatory effects of gross obesity are largely reversible with weight loss. Despite reductions in left ventricular stroke work, stroke volume, and cavity size at rest, the average left ventricular filling pressure rose with exercise to a comparable and abnormal level (20 mm Hg) both before and after weight loss. Thus, evidence of left ventricular dysfunction persisted, suggesting that myocardial hypertrophy and reduced ventricular compliance did not regress significantly with weight loss over periods as long as 3 years.
160 citations
TL;DR: The usual indicator of essential fatty acid deficiency, 20:3ω9, accumulated in all of the tissues examined except the retina and the photoreceptor membranes, which must have a mechanism for conserving its abundant supply of ω3 polyunsaturates.
141 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, trimethylsilylimidazole (TSIM) was used to silylate 17α-hydroxyl groups in steroids at 100°C.
Abstract: Sterically hindered 17α-hydroxyl groups in steroids are silylated by trimethylsilylimidazole (TSIM) at 100° C. Decreasing rates of reaction were found for the following structures: 17α, 20β, 21-triol > 17α, 20α-diol > 17α, 20α, 21-triol. When methoxime derivatives are formed as the first step, HCL present in the excess of reagent catalyses the silylation reaction of hydroxyl groups. A simple procedure is described whereby methoxime (MO) derivatives are formed in 15 minutes at 60° C (the 11-one group does not react under these conditions) and persilylated compounds are then prepared in 2 hours at 100° C by reaction with trimethylsilylimidazole.
TL;DR: Infants born to mothers who receive barbiturates throughout pregnancy or throughout the last trimester may manifest symptoms similar in many respects to those characteristically seen in infants of mothers addicted to opiates during pregnancy, but symptoms tend to begin at a later age in "barbiturate infants" and undernutrition at birth is not a feature.
TL;DR: With increase in valency of salt, less salt was necessary for enhanced virus adsorption to membranes, and this procedure has provided the basis for concentrating minute amounts of virus from large volumes of water.
Abstract: Cellulose nitrate membranes were used as one of the adsorbents in concentrating viruses from water. For adsorption to occur, salts were required. With increase in valency of salt, less salt was necessary for enhanced virus adsorption to membranes. Trivalent salts were more effective because they could be used at only 1% the concentration required for divalent salts. Thus, 0.5 mM AlCl3 was as effective as 50 mM MgCl2. For testing 500 gal of water, only 0.24 kg of AlCl3 was required in contrast to 20 kg of MgCl2. Virus could then be eluted from such membranes, having an area of 486 cm2, with 250 ml of pH 11.5 buffer. Lowering the pH of the eluate and adding AlCl3 permitted the virus to be quickly readsorbed on a smaller cellulose membrane, i.e., 4 cm2. Virus for assay was eluted from the small membrane in 1 ml. This procedure has provided the basis for concentrating minute amounts of virus from large volumes of water.
TL;DR: A critical analysis of the present status of 480 patients followed up for 1 to 30 months after coronary artery bypass shows a striking shift from preoperative New York Heart Association classes II, III, and IV, to class I as a result of improved myocardial blood flow.
Abstract: Statistically significant late results of coronary artery bypass procedures will be unavailable for 5 to 10 years. This report summarizes a critical analysis of the present status of 480 patients followed up for 1 to 30 months after coronary artery bypass. Thirty-day hospital mortality was 6.2 percent and appears to be declining. Arteriographic studies have shown only 1 of 220 patients without at least 1 functioning graft. Graft occlusions appear to be early and technically oriented and ranged from 11 to 14 percent. Significant symptomatic improvement as determined by cardiologists was observed in 92 percent of patients. According to functional classification there was a striking shift from preoperative New York Heart Association classes II, III, and IV, to class I as a result of improved myocardial blood flow. No degenerative changes in autogenous vein bypass grafts have been observed.
TL;DR: The presence of lymphocyte cytotoxic antibodies in sera from patients with SLE was related to the presence of fever and dermatologic, central nervous system and hematologic symptoms and correlated inversely with the white blood count and serum complement C3.
Abstract: The presence of lymphocyte cytotoxic antibodies in sera from patients with SLE was related to the presence of fever and dermatologic, central nervous system and hematologic symptoms. Cytotoxic antibodies correlated inversely with the white blood count and serum complement C3. Possibly, the action of lymphocytotoxic antibodies on cell membranes may lead to complement-mediated cell injury which, in turn, results in release of intracellular contents and nuclear antigens.
TL;DR: This chapter evaluates the available knowledge of simian virus 40 (SV40) oncogenesis and assesses the implications for carcinogenesis by DNA-tumor viruses as a whole and summarizes different tests that can be employed to detect virus-induced changes in SV40-transformed cells.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter evaluates the available knowledge of simian virus 40 (SV40) oncogenesis and assesses the implications for carcinogenesis by DNA-tumor viruses as a whole. It summarizes different tests that can be employed to detect virus-induced changes in SV40-transformed cells. Inoculation of such cells into susceptible hosts usually results in the production of tumors, the ultimate criterion necessary to establish that malignant transformation has indeed occurred. Fusion or cocultivation of the transformed cell with normal susceptible cells may sometimes succeed in the rescue of infectious virus. The optimum conditions required to elicit the production of virus from a majority of the transformed cells have not yet been established. Transformed cells are usually immune to superinfection by the transforming virus. Nucleic acid hybridization experiments indicate that multiple copies of the SV40 genome is present, probably integrated into the host cell chromosome. Virus-specific mRNA is present in the transformed cells. The extent of the transcription of the viral genome seems to vary from one transformed cell line to the next. No relationships have been established between the extent of transcription in a given transformed cell line and the number and/or magnitude of virus-specific changes of that cell line. A series of in vitro tests may detect a variety of surface changes on the transformed cells. These tests include immunofluorescence, agglutination, cytotoxicity, colony inhibition, and mixed hemadsorption.
TL;DR: Dimethylformamide dialkylacetals react both with carboxylic and amino groups of amino acids to form N-dimethylaminomethylene alkyl ester (N-DMAM-alkyl ester) derivatives.
Abstract: Dimethylformamide dialkylacetals react both with carboxylic and amino groups of amino acids to form N-dimethylaminomethylene alkyl ester (N-DMAM-alkyl ester) derivatives. Complete and rapid reaction was observed at 100[ddot]C. Under these conditions, hydroxyl groups did not react.
Abstract: The methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl or t-butyl esters of long chain fatty acids can be prepared quantitatively by reaction with dimethylforma-mide dialkylacetals (alkyl group = methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl or t-butyl, respectively). A gas chromatographic separation can be carried out as soon as solution is achieved.
TL;DR: To examine the possible role of the Na + , K + -ATPase enzyme system, epithelium-like cells and aneuploid cells originally isolated from human carcinoma of the oral cavity was employed and advantage was taken of interesting observations concerning impairment of the transport of α-aminoisobutyric acid by inositol deprivation.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The presence of an active Na + , K + -ATPase in the same tissue that has been employed widely to study organic solute transport—regardless of localization—is highly important because the enzymatic mechanism for maintaining low intracellular concentration of sodium would, of course, be required to establish any proposal for sodium-dependent solute transport. The chapter discusses (1) the possible role of the Na + , K + -ATPase enzyme system in amino acid transport, (2) the possible relationship between the Na + , K + -ATPase and sugar transport, and (3) some complications of sugar transport in relation to the Na + , K + -ATPase. If the Na + , K + -ATPase enzyme system, and/or if a sodium pump, in some way, is involved in the transport of amino acids and other organic solutes, the specific inhibitor of the pump, ouabain, or any active cardiotonic glycoside, should produce some effect on the solute transport. To examine the possible role of the Na + , K + -ATPase enzyme system, epithelium-like cells and aneuploid cells originally isolated from human carcinoma of the oral cavity was employed and advantage was taken of interesting observations concerning impairment of the transport of α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) by inositol deprivation. The experiments were designed to provide information on whether inositol deprivation impairs exchange fluxes in addition to its inhibitory effect on transport fluxes. It should also be emphasized, however, that sodium-dependent amino acid transport in some tissues appears to be insensitive to ouabain at concentrations that normally cause significant inhibition of the Na + , K + -pump as well as of the Na+ , K + -ATPase.
TL;DR: The cerebellar cortical areas which, when stimulated electrically, most frequently expressed inhibition were the right paramedian lobes and the pyramis and, when ablated, focal seizures were facilitated.
Abstract: SUMMARY
Discrete, gross, and deep cerebellar stimulation tended to inhibit a cortical penicillin-induced focal epilepsy in the cat. The cerebellar cortical areas which, when stimulated electrically, most frequently expressed inhibition were the right paramedian lobes and the pyramis. When these same areas were ablated, focal seizures were facilitated. The data support the beliefs of previous workers that the cerebellum may play an active role in seizure suppression.
Resume
La stimulation cerebelleuse legere, intense et profonde chez le chat tendait a inhiber une epilepsie focale corticale causee par la penicilline. Les zones cerebelleuses corticales qui, lorsqu'elles etaient stimulees electriquement, revelaient la plupart du temps une inhibition, etaient le lobe droit paramedian et le pyramis. Lorsque ces memes zones etaient enlevees, la crise focale se trouvait facilitee. On en a deduit qu'il est tres possible que le cervelet joue un role actif dans la suppression des crises.
TL;DR: The amino acid sequence of the center of the argininelysine-rich histone from calf thymus has been determined and clusters of basic, acidic, and hydrophobic residues were found in this sequence.
TL;DR: Porcine pancreatic lipase has been purified to homogeneity as determined with analytical polyacrylamide gels and both isoenzymes of lipase were shown to be glycoproteins containing 3.8 moles of mannose and N-acetylglucosamine per mole of enzyme.
TL;DR: A pentadecapeptide isolated from the brain of rats trained to avoid the dark has been chemically identified and its structure confirmed by synthesis.
Abstract: A pentadecapeptide isolated from the brain of rats trained to avoid the dark has been chemically identified and its structure confirmed by synthesis. It induces dark avoidance in untrained animals.
TL;DR: A mutation denoted as trpX defines a previously unrecognized cistron whose gene product, subunit-X, has a catalytic role in two biochemical pathways, providing suggestive evidence that ammonia may serve in vivo as an amino donor for tryptophan synthesis.
TL;DR: The clinical experience gained by performing aorta-to-coronary artery bypass grafts on 1,287 patients over the past four years is analyzed in this paper, where modifications in technique are demonstrated by comparing the recent group of 759 patients operated upon in 1971 to 463 patients operated on previously.
TL;DR: The primary sequence of nucleotides has been defined for 4.5 S RNAi, which is one type of low molecular weight nuclear RNA of Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells and is the first unique nuclear species of mammalian RNA to be sequenced.
TL;DR: Intravenous infusion of glycerol appears to be a useful form of therapy in patients with acute cerebral infarction and inhibition of uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation appeared to be the most likely explanation for the improvement in brain function and metabolic changes induced with this hyperosmolar solution.
Abstract: The effects of intravenous infusion of 10% glycerol on regional blood flow and metabolism in infarcted hemispheres was investigated in 17 patients during the acute stage of stroke. Hemispheric blood flow (HBF) increased and cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2) and carbon dioxide production decreased. Glucose consumption remained constant and hemispheric respiratory quotient (HRQ) decreased. The electroencephalogram improved, and in the majority of patients neurological function also improved. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) did not change during infusion but decreased afterward, and no rebound occurred. Central venous pressure (CVP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) increased both during and after infusion. Intracerebral venous pressure (ICVP) increased during infusion. Mechanisms which may increase HBF following infusion of 10% glycerol are discussed. Expansion of the perivascular space by removal of edema fluid within the glia seems to be a primary factor causing increased HBF. Possible explanations for the measured effects of 10% glycerol on cerebral metabolism and brain function were considered. Inhibition of uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation (recoupling) appeared to be the most likely explanation for the improvement in brain function and metabolic changes induced with this hyperosmolar solution. The decrease in HRQ is best explained by oxidation of glycerol in the infarcted hemisphere. Intravenous infusion of glycerol appears to be a useful form of therapy in patients with acute cerebral infarction.
TL;DR: Hepatitis B antigen of the D (a+, d+, y-) subtype was purified from plasma of apparently healthy persons and from hepatitis patients, and I-labeled, purified antigen was found to contain six distinct polypeptides with molecular weights ranging from 10,000 to 39,000.
Abstract: Hepatitis B antigen of the D (a+, d+, y−) subtype was purified from plasma of apparently healthy persons and from hepatitis patients. The original samples contained 20- and 42-nm particles and tubular forms (20-nm diameter). Ultracentrifugation during the purification procedure yielded pellets which were then treated at pH 2.4. Both the large, 42-nm Dane particles and the tubular forms were lost during the acid treatment of the pelleted particles, yielding a preparation containing a mixture of particles approximately 20 and 25 nm in diameter. This difference in size was substantiated in that two distinct molecular weights were calculated from high-speed equilibrium data, 3.6 × 106 and 4.5 × 106. Further heterogeneity was observed in that hepatitis B antigenic activity was present in purified particles with an isoelectric pH of 4.0 and also in those with a pH of 4.4. No significant differences were observed in the gross amino acid composition of purified antigen obtained from plasma of three different persons. 125I-labeled, purified antigen was found to contain six distinct polypeptides with molecular weights ranging from 10,000 to 39,000.
TL;DR: Increased levels of both circulating and secretory antibodies of the immunoglobulin A and G classes were demonstrated in patients with CF, indicating the invasiveness of these particular strains.
Abstract: In order to have a better understanding of the clinical significance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, circulating and secretory antibodies were measured. Of 100 patients diagnosed as having cystic fibrosis (CF) and an atypical mucoid P. aeruginosa cultured from their sputum, each possessed serum precipitins. These immunoprecipitates, however, were not detected in the sera of 40 CF patients, some of whom were chronically ill with pulmonary colonization by typically rough-smooth strains of P. aeruginosa. The sera of 46 CF patients and 27 CF patient parents not colonized by P. aeruginosa were negative for the precipitins. The sera from 15 of 45 chronically ill patients not having CF, however, but harboring P. aeruginosa, also possessed serum precipitins. The sera from 85 subjects not having CF and not clinically infected with P. aeruginosa were negative for precipitins. Serum hemagglutination titers as high as 1:4096 were measured in older CF patients having advanced pulmonary disease and who were infected with mucoid P. aeruginosa. Salivary titers ranged from 1:8 to 1:64. Increased levels of both circulating and secretory antibodies of the immunoglobulin A and G classes were demonstrated in patients with CF. Once a patient with CF becomes colonized with P. aeruginosa a process of conversion from the rough and smooth forms to the mucoid form is almost inevitable. Although the mucoid form predominates in the sputum, intermediates of the various colony types are often present. Serum precipitins were demonstrable only after the appearance of mucoid strains in the sputum of patients with CF. Although antibiotics tend to reduce the number of mucoid microorganisms, they are rarely, if ever, eradicated from these patients' lungs. Recurrent episodes of servere pulmonary infection and the evidence of increasing antibody formation to mucoid strains indicates the invasiveness of these particular strains.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the defect in U max is not the result of diminished glomerular filtration rate nor a defect in sodium reabsorption in the ascending limb of Henle's loop, and may result from alterations in collecting duct function or medullary architecture due to the presence of cysts.