Showing papers by "Beijing University of Technology published in 2016"
TL;DR: Advances in Zr-MOFs since 2008 are summarized and reviewed from three aspects: design and synthesis, structure, and applications to provide guidance for the in-depth investigation of MOFs towards practical applications.
Abstract: Among the large family of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), Zr-based MOFs, which exhibit rich structure types, outstanding stability, intriguing properties and functions, are foreseen as one of the most promising MOF materials for practical applications. Although this specific type of MOF is still in its early stage of development, significant progress has been made in recent years. Herein, advances in Zr-MOFs since 2008 are summarized and reviewed from three aspects: design and synthesis, structure, and applications. Four synthesis strategies implemented in building and/or modifying Zr-MOFs as well as their scale-up preparation under green and industrially feasible conditions are illustrated first. Zr-MOFs with various structural types are then classified and discussed in terms of different Zr-based secondary building units and organic ligands. Finally, applications of Zr-MOFs in catalysis, molecule adsorption and separation, drug delivery, and fluorescence sensing, and as porous carriers are highlighted. Such a review based on a specific type of MOF is expected to provide guidance for the in-depth investigation of MOFs towards practical applications.
1,692 citations
TL;DR: It was demonstrated that the adsorption plays an important role in the preconcentration of analytes, which can further increase the fluorescent quenching efficiency and be potentially useful in monitoring water quality and treating wastewater.
Abstract: Antibiotics and organic explosives are among the main organic pollutants in wastewater; their detection and removal are quite important but challenging. As a new class of porous materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered as a promising platform for the sensing and adsorption applications. In this work, guided by a topological design approach, two stable isostructural Zr(IV)-based MOFs, Zr6O4(OH)8(H2O)4(CTTA)8/3 (BUT-12, H3CTTA = 5′-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2′,4′,6′-trimethyl-[1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl]-4,4″-dicarboxylic acid) and Zr6O4(OH)8(H2O)4(TTNA)8/3 (BUT-13, H3TTNA = 6,6′,6″-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(2-naphthoic acid)) with the the-a topological structure constructed by D4h 8-connected Zr6 clusters and D3h 3-connected linkers were designed and synthesized. The two MOFs are highly porous with the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 3387 and 3948 m2 g–1, respectively. Particularly, BUT-13 features one of the most porous water-stable MOFs reported so far. Interestingly, these MOFs ...
1,164 citations
TL;DR: The anammox metabolism and its factors were critically reviewed so as to form biofilm/granules for retaining anamm ox bacteria in sewage treatment to make sewage treatment energy-neutral or energy-positive.
509 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a (1 − x)-NbO3-SrTiO3 (KNN-ST) with submicrometer grains (about 0.3 μm) were used to improve the dielectric breakdown strength of lead-free bulk ceramics.
Abstract: Ceramic-based dielectric materials are regarded as the best candidates for advanced pulsed power capacitors because of their excellent mechanical and thermal properties. Nevertheless, lead-free bulk ceramics show relatively low recoverable energy storage density (Wrec < 2 J cm−3) owing to their low dielectric breakdown strength (DBS < 200 kV cm−1). In order to significantly increase Wrec, we proposed a strategy (compositions drive the grain size to submicrometer) to improve the DBS of lead-free ceramics. In this work, (1 − x)(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–xSrTiO3 (KNN–ST) ceramics were chosen as a representative to verify the validity of this strategy. The (1 − x)KNN–xST ceramics (x = 0.15 and 0.20) with submicrometer grains (about 0.3 μm) were prepared using pressureless solid state sintering. A large Wrec (4.03 J cm−3) and DBS (400 kV cm−1 with a thickness of 0.2 mm) were achieved for 0.85KNN–0.15ST ceramics. The value of 4.03 J cm−3 is superior to all other Wrec in lead-free bulk ceramics and 2–3 times larger than that of other lead-free bulk ceramics. A large Wrec (3.67 J cm−3) and energy storage efficiency (72.1%) were simultaneously achieved for 0.80KNN–0.20ST ceramics. The results confirm that the (1 − x)KNN–xST ceramics (x = 0.15 and 0.20) are desirable materials for advanced pulsed power capacitors. The findings in this study could push the development of a series of KNN-based ceramics with enhanced DBS and Wrec in the future. On the other hand, this work could broaden the applications of KNN materials in a new field.
382 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a health impact assessment framework to estimate the population health effects arising from alternative land-use and transport policy initiatives in six cities, including Melbourne, London, and Boston.
334 citations
TL;DR: This work is the first identified MOF that can retain its crystallinity and porosity in saturated sodium hydroxide solution (∼ 20 mol/L) at room temperature and 100 °C and tries to interpret the stability of PCN-601 from both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives.
Abstract: Guided by a top-down topological analysis, a metal–organic framework (MOF) constructed by pyrazolate-based porphyrinic ligand, namely, PCN-601, has been rationally designed and synthesized, and it exhibits excellent stability in alkali solutions. It is, to the best of our knowledge, the first identified MOF that can retain its crystallinity and porosity in saturated sodium hydroxide solution (∼20 mol/L) at room temperature and 100 °C. This almost pushes base-resistance of porphyrinic MOFs (even if MOFs) to the limit in aqueous media and greatly extends the range of their potential applications. In this work, we also tried to interpret the stability of PCN-601 from both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives.
251 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an electricallyenhanced diffused polymorphic phase transition (EED-PPT) contributed to the boosted thermal stability of KNN based lead-free piezoceramics with high piezoelectricity.
Abstract: High piezoelectricity of (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN) lead-free materials benefits from a polymorphic phase transition (PPT) around room temperature, but its temperature sensitivity has been a bottleneck impeding their applications. We find that good thermal stability can be achieved in CaZrO3-modified KNN lead-free piezoceramics, in which the normalized strain d33* almost keeps constant from room temperature up to 140 oC. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments combined with permitivity measurements disclose the occurrence of a new phase transformation under an electrical field, which extends the transition range between tetragonal and orthorhombic phases. It is revealed that such an electrically-enhanced diffused polymorphic phase transition (EED-PPT) contributed to the boosted thermal stability of KNN based lead-free piezoceramics with high piezoelectricity. The present approach based on phase engineering should also be effective in endowing other lead-free piezoelectrics with high piezoelectricity and good temperature stability.
250 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the main line of crystalline structure design for transition metal oxides has been reviewed, some important research results in recent five years are emphatically introduced, and the perspective on novel electrode materials development is also discussed.
245 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive biomass burning emission inventory including domestic and in-field straw burning, firewood burning, livestock excrement burning, and forest and grassland fires is presented, which was developed for mainland China in 2012 based on county-level activity data, satellite data, and updated source-specific emission factors (EFs).
Abstract: . Biomass burning injects many different gases and aerosols into the atmosphere that could have a harmful effect on air quality, climate, and human health. In this study, a comprehensive biomass burning emission inventory including domestic and in-field straw burning, firewood burning, livestock excrement burning, and forest and grassland fires is presented, which was developed for mainland China in 2012 based on county-level activity data, satellite data, and updated source-specific emission factors (EFs). The emission inventory within a 1 × 1 km2 grid was generated using geographical information system (GIS) technology according to source-based spatial surrogates. A range of key information related to emission estimation (e.g. province-specific proportion of domestic and in-field straw burning, detailed firewood burning quantities, uneven temporal distribution coefficient) was obtained from field investigation, systematic combing of the latest research, and regression analysis of statistical data. The established emission inventory includes the major precursors of complex pollution, greenhouse gases, and heavy metal released from biomass burning. The results show that the emissions of SO2, NOx, PM10, PM2.5, NMVOC, NH3, CO, EC, OC, CO2, CH4, and Hg in 2012 are 336.8 Gg, 990.7 Gg, 3728.3 Gg, 3526.7 Gg, 3474.2 Gg, 401.2 Gg, 34 380.4 Gg, 369.7 Gg, 1189.5 Gg, 675 299.0 Gg, 2092.4 Gg, and 4.12 Mg, respectively. Domestic straw burning, in-field straw burning, and firewood burning are identified as the dominant biomass burning sources. The largest contributing source is different for various pollutants. Domestic straw burning is the largest source of biomass burning emissions for all the pollutants considered, except for NH3, EC (firewood), and NOx (in-field straw). Corn, rice, and wheat represent the major crop straws. The combined emission of these three straw types accounts for 80 % of the total straw-burned emissions for each specific pollutant mentioned in this study. As for the straw burning emission of various crops, corn straw burning has the largest contribution to all of the pollutants considered, except for CH4; rice straw burning has highest contribution to CH4 and the second largest contribution to other pollutants, except for SO2, OC, and Hg; wheat straw burning is the second largest contributor to SO2, OC, and Hg and the third largest contributor to other pollutants. Heilongjiang, Shandong, and Henan provinces located in the north-eastern and central-southern regions of China have higher emissions compared to other provinces in China. Gridded emissions, which were obtained through spatial allocation based on the gridded rural population and fire point data from emission inventories at county resolution, could better represent the actual situation. High biomass burning emissions are concentrated in the areas with more agricultural and rural activity. The months of April, May, June, and October account for 65 % of emissions from in-field crop residue burning, while, regarding EC, the emissions in January, February, October, November, and December are relatively higher than other months due to biomass domestic burning in heating season. There are regional differences in the monthly variations of emissions due to the diversity of main planted crops and climatic conditions. Furthermore, PM2.5 component results showed that OC, Cl−, EC, K+, NH4+, elemental K, and SO42− are the main PM2.5 species, accounting for 80 % of the total emissions. The species with relatively high contribution to NMVOC emission include ethylene, propylene, toluene, mp-xylene, and ethyl benzene, which are key species for the formation of secondary air pollution. The detailed biomass burning emission inventory developed by this study could provide useful information for air-quality modelling and could support the development of appropriate pollution-control strategies.
223 citations
TL;DR: The present review will summarize the recent progress in understanding mainly the interactions between graphene and cells, and the impact of graphene on intracellular components, and especially the uptake and transport of graphene by cells, will be discussed in detail.
215 citations
TL;DR: A mechanistic model that is based on the biocatalytic cathodic sulfate reduction (BCSR) theory and utilizes charge transfer and mass transfer concepts to describe the SRB biocorrosion process is described.
TL;DR: In this paper, femtolaser in situ reduction of the hydrated graphene oxide and chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) nanocomposite simultaneously, which incorporates both the patterning of rGO electrodes and the fabrication of Au current collectors in a single step.
Abstract: Direct laser-reduction of graphene oxide (GO), as a lithography-free approach, has been proven effective in manufacturing in-plane micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) with fast ion diffusion. However, the power density and the charge/discharge rate are still limited by the relatively low conductivity of electrodes. Here, we report a facile approach by exploiting femtolaser in situ reduction of the hydrated GO and chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) nanocomposite simultaneously, which incorporates both the patterning of rGO electrodes and the fabrication of Au current collectors in a single step. These flexible MSCs boast achievements of one-hundred fold increase in electrode conductivities of up to 1.1 × 106 S m−1, which provide superior rate capability (50% for the charging rate increase from 0.1 V s−1 to 100 V s−1), sufficiently high frequency responses (362 Hz, 2.76 ms time constant), and large specific capacitances of 0.77 mF cm−2 (17.2 F cm−3 for volumetric capacitance) at 1 V s−1, and 0.46 mF cm−2 (10.2 F cm−3) at 100 V s−1. The use of photo paper substrates enables the flexibility of this fabrication protocol. Moreover, proof-of-concept 3D MSCs are demonstrated with enhanced areal capacitance (up to 3.84 mF cm−2 at 1 V s−1) while keeping high rate capabilities. This prototype of all solid-state MSCs demonstrates the broad range of potentials of thin-film based energy storage device applications for flexible, portable, and wearable electronic devices that require a fast charge/discharge rate and high power density.
TL;DR: In this article, a novel microchannel heat sink with triangular cavities and rectangular ribs was presented and the characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer were studied numerically for Reynolds number (Re ) ranging from 173 to 635.
TL;DR: The NMM is developed to analyze three dimensional (3D) fracture propagation and the maximum tensile stress criterion is implemented to determine whether the fracture will propagate and the direction of fracture propagation.
Abstract: By introducing the concept of mathematical cover and physical cover, the numerical manifold method (NMM) is able to solve continuous and discontinuous problems in a unified way. In this paper, the NMM is developed to analyze three dimensional (3D) fracture propagation. The maximum tensile stress criterion is implemented to determine whether the fracture will propagate and the direction of fracture propagation. Three benchmark problems are analyzed to validate the present algorithm and program. The numerical results replicate available experimental results and existing numerical results. The present algorithm and 3D NMM code are promising for 3D fracture propagation. They deserve to be further developed for the analysis of rock mechanic problems in which the initiation and propagation of multiple fractures, tensile and shear fractures, and fracture propagation under compressive loading are taken into account.
TL;DR: A facile method for synthesis of Au-coated magnetic nanoparticles (AuMNPs) core/shell nanocomposites with nanoscale rough surfaces with satisfactory surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity and strong magnetic responsivity is proposed.
Abstract: This study proposes a facile method for synthesis of Au-coated magnetic nanoparticles (AuMNPs) core/shell nanocomposites with nanoscale rough surfaces. MnFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were first modified with a uniform polyethylenimine layer (2 nm) through self-assembly under sonication. The negatively charged Au seeds were then adsorbed on the surface of the MnFe2O4 NPs through electrostatic interaction for Au shell formation. Our newly developed sonochemically assisted hydroxylamine seeding growth method was used to grow the adsorbed gold seeds into large Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) to form a nanoscale rough Au shell. Au-coated magnetic nanoparticles (AuMNPs) were obtained from the intermediate product (Au seeds decorated magnetic core) under sonication within 5 min. The AuMNPs were highly uniform in size and shape and exhibited satisfactory surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity and strong magnetic responsivity. PATP was used as a probe molecule to evaluate the SERS performance of the synthesized A...
TL;DR: The quantitative method established in this work lays a foundation for preventing heavy metal toxicity in human from drinking tea and will help establish regulations to control the contents of heavy metals in tea.
TL;DR: Two blind LSB steganography algorithms in the form of quantum circuits are proposed based on the novel enhanced quantum representation (NEQR) for quantum images which demonstrate that the invisibility is good, and the balance between the capacity and the robustness can be adjusted according to the needs of applications.
Abstract: Quantum steganography is the technique which hides a secret message into quantum covers such as quantum images. In this paper, two blind LSB steganography algorithms in the form of quantum circuits are proposed based on the novel enhanced quantum representation (NEQR) for quantum images. One algorithm is plain LSB which uses the message bits to substitute for the pixels’ LSB directly. The other is block LSB which embeds a message bit into a number of pixels that belong to one image block. The extracting circuits can regain the secret message only according to the stego cover. Analysis and simulation-based experimental results demonstrate that the invisibility is good, and the balance between the capacity and the robustness can be adjusted according to the needs of applications.
TL;DR: In this paper, a coupled hydro-mechanical model based on FDEM for the simulation of hydraulic fracturing in complex fracture geometries, where an algorithm for updating hydraulic fracture network is proposed.
Abstract: Hydraulic fracturing is widely used in the exploitation of unconventional gas (such as shale gas).Thus, the study of hydraulic fracturing is of particular importance for petroleum industry. The combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM) proposed by Munjiza is an innovative numerical technique to capture progressive damage and failure processes in rock. However, it cannot model the fracturing process of rock driven by hydraulic pressure. In this study, we present a coupled hydro-mechanical model based on FDEM for the simulation of hydraulic fracturing in complex fracture geometries, where an algorithm for updating hydraulic fracture network is proposed. The algorithm can carry out connectivity searches for arbitrarily complex fracture networks. Then, we develop a new combined finite-discrete element method numerical code (Y-flow) for the simulation of hydraulic fracturing. Finally, several verification examples are given, and the simulation results agree well with the analytical or experimental results, indicating that the newly developed numerical code can capture hydraulic fracturing process correctly and effectively.
TL;DR: A multicomponent metallic glass with highly efficient and anomalous durability for catalyzing water splitting is reported, and a new mechanism for improving the durability of catalysts is uncovered.
Abstract: A multicomponent metallic glass (MG) with highly efficient and anomalous durability for catalyzing water splitting is reported. The outstanding performance of the MG catalyst contributed by self-optimized active sites originates from the intrinsic chemical heterogeneity and selective dealloying on the disordered surface; thus, a new mechanism for improving the durability of catalysts is uncovered.
TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical investigation has been carried out to examine the characteristics of laminar flow and heat transfer in micro-channel heat sink with offset ribs on sidewalls, and five different shapes of offset ribs are designed, including rectangular, backward triangular, isosceles triangular, forward triangular and semicircular.
TL;DR: The Illumina high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the genus of Thauera bacteria was dominant in the denitrifying community with high NO2−-N accumulation and account for 67.25 % of total microorganism.
Abstract: Nitrite (NO2 (-)-N) accumulation in denitrification can provide the substrate for anammox, an efficient and cost-saving process for nitrogen removal from wastewater. This batch-mode study aimed at achieving high NO2 (-)-N accumulation over long-term operation with the acetate as sole organic carbon source and elucidating the mechanisms of NO2 (-)-N accumulation. The results showed that the specific nitrate (NO3 (-)-N) reduction rate (59.61 mg N VSS(-1) h(-1) at NO3 (-)-N of 20 mg/L) was much higher than specific NO2 (-)-N reduction rate (7.30 mg N VSS(-1) h(-1) at NO3 (-)-N of 20 mg/L), and the NO2 (-)-N accumulation proceeded well at the NO3 (-)-N to NO2 (-)-N transformation ratio (NTR) as high as 90 %. NO2 (-)-N accumulation was barely affected by the ratio of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to NO3 (-)-N concentration (C/N). With the addition of NO3 (-)-N, NO2 (-)-N accumulation occurred and the specific NO2 (-)-N reduction rate declined to a much lower level compared with the value in the absence of NO3 (-)-N. This indicated that the denitrifying bacteria in the system preferred to use NO3 (-)-N as electron acceptor rather than use NO2 (-)-N. In addition, the Illumina high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the genus of Thauera bacteria was dominant in the denitrifying community with high NO2 (-)-N accumulation and account for 67.25 % of total microorganism. This bacterium might be functional for high NO2 (-)-N accumulation in the presence of NO3 (-)-N.
TL;DR: The result provides a novel proposal to combine the perfect single-base recognition and signal-amplifying ability of the endonuclease DSN with cost-effective SERS strategy for miRNA point-of-care (POC) clinical diagnostics.
TL;DR: In this article, a polycation/GO multilayer membrane was used to remove dye from water, and the results showed that the removal rate reached 6.42 kg/m−m−2 h−1/bar−1 and 99.2% respectively.
TL;DR: The theoretical calculation shows that the surface defects induce the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum shift downward and upward, respectively, which constructs a type I junction between bulk and surface of solid solution, which promotes the migration of photogenerated charges toward the surface of nanostructure and leads to enhanced photocatalytic activity.
Abstract: In order to investigate the defect effect on photocatalytic performance of the visible light photocatalyst, Zn-Cd-S solid solution with surface defects is prepared in the hydrazine hydrate. X-ray photoelectron spectra and photoluminescence results confirm the existence of defects, such as sulfur vacancies, interstitial metal, and Zn and Cd in the low valence state on the top surface of solid solutions. The surface defects can be effectively removed by treating with sulfur vapor. The solid solution with surface defect exhibits a narrower band gap, wider light absorption range, and better photocatalytic perfomance. The optimized solid solution with defects exhibits 571 μmol h(-1) for 50 mg photocatalyst without loading Pt as cocatalyst under visible light irradiation, which is fourfold better than that of sulfur vapor treated samples. The wavelength dependence of photocatalytic activity discloses that the enhancement happens at each wavelength within the whole absorption range. The theoretical calculation shows that the surface defects induce the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum shift downward and upward, respectively. This constructs a type I junction between bulk and surface of solid solution, which promotes the migration of photogenerated charges toward the surface of nanostructure and leads to enhanced photocatalytic activity. Thus a new method to construct highly efficient visible light photocatalysts is opened.
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of various structural parameters, including beam height, slab width, and slab thickness, on the progressive collapse resistance were studied by analyzing material strains and load-displacement curves.
TL;DR: It was found that heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria of Denitratisoma belonging to Proteobacteria phylum occupied a large proportion (22.1∼23.58 %), which was likely caused by the bacteria lysis and decay with the internal carbon source production.
Abstract: In this study, the microbial community structure was assessed in an anaerobic ammonium oxidation-upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (ANAMMOX-UASB) reactor treating high-strength wastewater (approximately 700 mg N L(-1) in total nitrogen) by employing Illumina high-throughput sequencing analysis. The reactor was started up and reached a steady state in 26 days by seeding mature ANAMMOX granules, and a high nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 2.96 kg N m(-3) day(-1) was obtained at 13.2∼17.6 °C. Results revealed that the abundance of ANAMMOX bacteria increased during the operation, though it occupied a low proportion in the system. The phylum Planctomycetes was only 8.39 % on day 148 and Candidatus Brocadia was identified as the dominant ANAMMOX species with a percentage of 2.70 %. The phylum of Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria constituted a percentage up to 70 % in the community, of which the Chloroflexi and Bacteroidetes were likely to be related to the sludge granulation. In addition, it was found that heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria of Denitratisoma belonging to Proteobacteria phylum occupied a large proportion (22.1∼23.58 %), which was likely caused by the bacteria lysis and decay with the internal carbon source production. The SEM images also showed that plenty of other microorganisms existed in the ANAMMOX-UASB reactor.
TL;DR: In this paper, a nanovoid-like 3D macroporous (3DOM) La 0.6Sr 0.4MnO3 perovskite catalysts were fabricated via the l-lysine-mediated colloidal crystal-templating and reduction routes.
Abstract: Bimetallic Au–Pd alloy nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed on nanohybrid three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 (LSMO) perovskite catalysts were fabricated via the l-lysine-mediated colloidal crystal-templating and reduction routes. The obtained AuPd/3DOM LSMO samples possess a nanovoid-like 3DOM construction with well-dispersed Au–Pd alloy NPs (2.05–2.35 nm in size) on the internal walls of the macropores. The Au–Pd alloy presence favored catalytic activity for methane combustion. The 3DOM LSMO support exhibits three key attributes: (i) a large surface area (32.0–33.8 m2/g) which aids high dispersion of the noble metal NPs on the support surface; (ii) abundant Bronsted acid sites which facilitate reactant adsorption and activation; and (iii) thermal stability. AuPd/3DOM LSMO has been synthesized with beneficial properties, including a richness of adsorbed oxygen species, increased oxidized noble metal species, low-temperature reducibility, and strong noble metal–3DOM LSMO interaction, al...
TL;DR: Comparisons with other existing methods demonstrate that the SR-RBF-NMPC can achieve a considerably better model fitting for WWTP and a better control performance for DO concentration.
Abstract: A nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) scheme is developed in this paper based on a self-organizing recurrent radial basis function (SR-RBF) neural network, whose structure and parameters are adjusted concurrently in the training process. The proposed SR-RBF neural network is represented in a general nonlinear form for predicting the future dynamic behaviors of nonlinear systems. To improve the modeling accuracy, a spiking-based growing and pruning algorithm and an adaptive learning algorithm are developed to tune the structure and parameters of the SR-RBF neural network, respectively. Meanwhile, for the control problem, an improved gradient method is utilized for the solution of the optimization problem in NMPC. The stability of the resulting control system is proved based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the proposed SR-RBF neural network-based NMPC (SR-RBF-NMPC) is used to control the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in a wastewater treatment process (WWTP). Comparisons with other existing methods demonstrate that the SR-RBF-NMPC can achieve a considerably better model fitting for WWTP and a better control performance for DO concentration.
TL;DR: In this paper, a facial surface modification method was explored to obtain amphiphobic membranes with mechanical and thermal robustness by dynamically forming perfluorooctyl trichlorosilane (PFTS) and coating SiO2 nanoparticles onto the membrane surface.
TL;DR: The first metagenomic comparison of taxonomic and functional profiles of the microbial communities occurring in different aggregates from anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bioreactors is presented.
Abstract: There is great potential to understand the functional diversity of microorganisms that are involved in waste water treatment through metagenomic analyses. This study presents the first metagenomic comparison of taxonomic and functional profiles of the microbial communities occurring in different aggregates from anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bioreactors. The anammox bacterial communities in both biofilm and granule sludge samples showed relatively high abundance and diversity compared with floccular sludge. Four of the five known genera of anammox bacteria were detected in the three cultures except Candidatus Jettenia, which was absent in the granules. Candidatus Kuenenia comprised the major population of anammox bacteria in these three sludges, independent of their growth morphologies. The genome assembled for the Candidatus Kuenenia in the granule was very similar to the published reference genome of Candidatus K. stuttgartiensis. Genes involved in the metabolism of the anammox process were highly detected in the biofilm and granule sludges. In particular, the abundance of hydrazine synthase gene (hzs) in the biofilm was around 486 times more pronounced than that in the granules. The knowledge gained in this study highlights an important role of sludge aggregate in affecting community structure and metabolic potential of anammox systems.