Beijing University of Technology

About: Beijing University of Technology is a education organization based out in Beijing, Beijing, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Microstructure & Laser. The organization has 31929 authors who have published 31987 publications receiving 352112 citations. The organization is also known as: Běijīng Gōngyè Dàxué & Beijing Polytechnic University.

Operando chemistry of catalyst surfaces during catalysis

Abstract: Chemistry of a catalyst surface during catalysis is crucial for a fundamental understanding of mechanism of a catalytic reaction performed on the catalyst in the gas or liquid phase. Due to the pressure- or molecular density-dependent entropy contribution of gas or liquid phase of the reactants and the potential formation of a catalyst surface during catalysis different from that observed in an ex situ condition, the characterization of the surface of a catalyst under reaction conditions and during catalysis can be significant and even necessary for understanding the catalytic mechanism at a molecular level. Electron-based analytical techniques are challenging for studying catalyst nanoparticles in the gas or liquid phase although they are necessary techniques to employ. Instrumentation and further development of these electron-based techniques have now made in situ/operando studies of catalysts possible. New insights into the chemistry and structure of catalyst nanoparticles have been uncovered over the last decades. Herein, the origin of the differences between ex situ and in situ/operando studies of catalysts, and the technical challenges faced as well as the corresponding instrumentation and innovations utilized for characterizing catalysts under reaction conditions and during catalysis, are discussed. The restructuring of catalyst surfaces driven by the pressure of reactant(s) around a catalyst, restructuring in reactant(s) driven by reaction temperature and restructuring during catalysis are also reviewed herein. The remaining challenges and possible solutions are briefly discussed.

A High‐Rate and Ultralong‐Life Sodium‐Ion Battery Based on NaTi2(PO4)3 Nanocubes with Synergistic Coating of Carbon and Rutile TiO2

Abstract: Highly regular NaTi2 (PO4 )3 nanocubes with synergistic nanocoatings of rutile TiO2 and carbon are prepared as an electrode material for sodium-ion batteries It exhibits a high rate and ultralong life performance simultaneously, and a capacity retention of 893% after 10 000 cycles is achieved