Showing papers by "Bethlehem Steel published in 1968"

Magnetic separator method and apparatus

Abstract: Radial magnetic field is applied in tube from a source surrounding tube. Magnetic field is applied in either a static, pulsating, or alternating mode. A first baffle divides tube inlet into feed inlet receiving fluidized material and surrounding coaxial passage receiving wash fluid. A second baffle spaced downstream of the first baffle divides tube outlet into tailings discharge and surrounding coaxial concentrate discharge. Magnetic and magnetizable particles are attracted outwardly between baffles from central fluidized material stream and leave as a concentrate discharged with wash fluid. Nonmagnetic particles in central fluidized material stream leave tailings discharge. Fluid stream within tube has no outward radial components and may have inward radial components.

Method and apparatus for forming thin-walled cylindrical articles

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming thin-walled containers from flat blanks is disclosed herein. The flat blanks are precoated with a dry film lubricant and drawn and ironed through a series of dies. Apparatus is provided to prevent the thermal breakdown of the lubricant comprising an internally fluid-cooled punch and fluid-cooled dies.

The System MgO‐Cr2O3−Fe2O3 at 1300°c in Air

Abstract: Phase relations in air at 1300°C were determined for the system MgO-Cr2O3−Fe2O3 by conventional quenching techniques. Details of the phase equilibria were established for: (1) the sesquioxide solid solution between Cr2O3 and Fe2O3, (2) the spinel solid solution field between MgCr2O4 and MgFe2O4, and (3) the periclase solid solution field for MgO. Selected tie lines connecting coexisting compositions were established with X-ray diffractometer data. Diffuse reflectance spectra, diffractometer intensity ratios, and lattice parameter measurements were obtained for quenched samples to study the structural inversion in the spinel series MgCr2O4-MgFe2O4.

Formation of chromium-containing coatings on both sides of steel strip with one coated side having a bright finish

Abstract: IN A METHOD OF FORMING A CHROMIUM-CONTAINING COATING ON STEEL STRIP, A CHROMIUM-CONTAINING POWDER IS APPLIED UNIFORMLY TO ONE SIDE OF THE STRIP AND COMPACTED THEREON. THE THUS-PREPARED STRIP IS COILED AND DIFFUSION TREATED IN A PROTECTIVE ATMOSPHERE, PREFERABLY OF HYDROGEN, AND INCLUDING A HALOGEN-CONTAINING GAS AT A TEMPERATURE AND FOR A TIME SUFFICIENT TO FORM A STAINLESS STEEL COATING ON BOTH SIDES OF THE STRIP

Apparatus and method for controlling accelerated cooling of hot rolled strip material

Abstract: Cooling of hot rolled strip material, such as low carbon steel strip, is controlled while the strip moves along a rolling mill runout table. The table is provided with a plurality of selectable spray banks, each bank applying the same unit amount of liquid coolant from a low pressure source. A time-sharing mill computer receiving operating information signals selects a number of spray banks based on a feed forward calculation of a cooling factor and a calculation of a predicted cooling error term, the latter term being based on stored signals from previous strips cooled. Control means, including a full time special purpose computer, establishes the minimal unit amount of coolant application. When spray bank selection is held constant, this computer takes over the control function and varies the minimal unit amount of coolant proportional to strip velocity error and strip discharging temperature error during strip cooling.

Method of galvanizing

Abstract: Elongated structural steel members are conveyed in a continuous operation longitudinally through a spray washer, a shot blast cabinet, an acid spray, an acid blowoff, a chloride flux spray and finally a flux blowoff to remove excess flux. The members are then passed through a preheat furnace to dry the flux and preheat the members and are then dipped into a molten zinc bath and removed therefrom supported upon C-hooks which are designed to be vibrated to remove excess molten zinc from the coated material. The structural materials are then passed to a reflow and quench device which rotates the structural members by dropping them off the end of a conveyor onto inclined skid means upon which the angles remain for a predetermined time as they slide down the skid means prior to immersion in a quench tank of water held at 160 DEG F. to set the coating without shattering.

Automated stops for bar bending machine

Abstract: A bar bending machine comprising a rotatable bending disc having a central pin and a bending pin is provided with a plurality of stops for positioning a bar longitudinally prior to the actuation of said disc. The machine is programmed whereby said disc sequentially rotates through predetermined angles, bending the bar a plurality of times, each rotation being controlled by a switch. The stops are connected to a circuit whereby the proper stop is sequentially moved into and out of the path of the bar during the bending operation.

Method of producing thin, bright unspangled galvanized coatings on ferrous metal strips

Abstract: A very light gage flat hot dip galvanized strip having a bright unspangled surface, is made by applying a very thin zinc coating to smooth cold strip having a surface finish between 20 and 80 microinches by passing the strip at a high rate of speed through a low temperature molten zinc bath having a high aluminum content and wiping the strip quickly by means of powerful steam wiper dies located closely adjacent to both the strip and bath surfaces.

Method of producing rolled steel having high-strength and low-impact transition temperature

Abstract: Rolled steels characterized in their as-rolled condition by an unexpected combination of high-strength and low-impact transition temperature. The product is produced by rolling a steel workpiece containing both austenite and ferrite, preventing complete recrystallization at any time thereafter, and continuing the rolling of said workpiece as it is cooling in the temperature range between the Ar1 temperature and 600 DEG F.

Turbulent flow in concentric annuli

Abstract: An eddy diffusivity model was developed and used to predict velocity distributions for turbulent flow of air in annuli. Comparison of distributions calculated by the model with experimental data shows that good agreement between calculated and measured values can be attained for core-to-shell ratios from 0.001 to 0.990. The significant advantage of using a diffusivity model to predict velocity distributions lies in the inherent ability to consider systems with nonlinear stress distributions.

Microelectrodes for Corrosion Studies

Abstract: Microelectrode technology is currently being developed by medical and biological workers for use in microanalytic and intracellular studies. The possibilities of applying this new technology to investigations of corrosion phenomena are examined in the paper. Oxygen cathode, pH and potential-measuring microelectrodes with working tips ranging from 10 to 100 microns in diameter are being developed for the study of corrosion mechanisms. Techniques for the construction, storage, calibration and use of stable electrodes are described. Probe dimensions and very high impedance characteristics lead to positioning and electrical measurement difficulties which are also discussed.

Seal for multiwire strand

Abstract: A short length of a multiwire strand is surrounded with a mold to provide an annular space about said length. Said space is filled with a thermosetting plastic sealant and pressure is applied to force said sealant into and along the interstices of said strand. During said application of pressure, the strand is circumferentially heated at the ends of said mold to provide a radial temperature gradient across said ends. Pressure is applied to said sealant until the ends of the seal are substantially convex.

Method for treating a flux coating

Abstract: A method for providing a smooth coating of flux material uniformly distributed on a metal surface comprising directing a flame onto the flux-coated surface. The apparatus comprises a flame distributor adapted to contact the surface of the flux coating with a high-heat flame. The impingement of the flame on the flux surface causes an initial set in the flux surface which is smooth and evenly distributed.

Rolling mill control system

Abstract: A ROLLING MILL HAS A GAGEMETER CONTROL ON SUBSTANTIALLY EVERY MILL STAND. AN X-RAY GAGE DEVIATION SIGNAL IS FED THROUGH AN ISOLATOR UNIT WHICH PROVIDES A WIDE DEAD-BAND WITHIN THE GAGE TOLERANCE FOR A PARTICULAR ORDER. IF THE GAGE DEVIATION SIGNAL EXCEEDS THE WIDTH OF THE DEAD-BAND THE DEVIATION SIGNAL IS INTEGRATED IN A HIGH GAIN INTEGRATOR AND USED TO CHANGE THE SET POINT OF THE GAGEMETERS ON EACH GAGEMETER CONTROLLED MILL STAND UNTIL THE X-RAY GAGE DEVIATION RETURNS WITHIN THE DEAD-BAND PROVIDED BY THE ISOLATOR UNIT.

Elapsed time registering apparatus with level detectors

Abstract: A variable process signal is fed to several level detectors which send individual time variable signals to a control unit for the duration the variable process signal is maintained within each of several specified limits. Corelated time variable operating mode signals are also fed to the control unit. The control unit classifies each level of variable process signal according to duration under one or more operating modes. Individual time meters register the elapsed time of each classified signal, thereby providing performance data on apparatus associated with the process signal. Means are provided for calibrating the level detectors and for counting apparatus operations.