Bethlehem Steel

About: Bethlehem Steel is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Coating & Corrosion. The organization has 1529 authors who have published 1559 publications receiving 19098 citations. The organization is also known as: Bethlehem Steel Corporation.

Mixer block for use in rotary drums

Abstract: A mixer block used in rotary drums to improve the efficiency of mixing, drying, cooling, heating, or calcining of solid materials such as gravel, stone, fluxes and the like to produce a more uniform product with minimal production of fines and dust is described. The mixer block is especially useful when used as part of the refractory lining in a rotary kiln to calcine fluxstone such as limestone, dolomite, dolomitic limestone, magnesite and the like.

Method and apparatus for forming deep-drawn articles

Abstract: The invention is directed to apparatus and a method of using the apparatus to deep draw a blank into a manufactured article. The apparatus includes a die having a cavity to receive the blank being drawn into the product, a clamp adapted to apply an adjustable force against the blank during the drawing operation, and a mandrel comprising a plurality of nested tool segments, the tool segments independently extendable to engage and draw different portions of the blank into the desired product within the cavity.

Behavior of Cold-Rolled Stainless Steel Members

Abstract: Results obtained from a research project dealing with the structural behavior of cold-formed members of cold-rolled stainless steel are presented. The distinctive mechanical properties include anisotropy, nonlinear and unsymmetrical stress-strain relationships in tension and compression, and the pronounced effect of cold working. The post-buckling behavior of thin compression elements stiffened along one or both unloaded edges by thin webs has been found to agree with Koiter’s theory, with von Karman’s relationship on effective width, as modified by Winter for carbon steel, as the lower bound. Using an iterative numerical procedure, the flexural strength and deflection of thin-walled cold-rolled stainless steel beams can be predicted accurately. A brief analysis on column behavior is also presented. Design methods taking into account the material characteristics and the post-buckling strength of the thin compression elements of these structural members are recommended.

Microalloying effects in hot-Rolled low-Carbon steels finished at high temperatures

Abstract: As part of a program to improve the toughness of steels for structural shapes and thick plates, the effects of columbium (niobium) (0 to 0.24 pct) or vanadium (0 to 0.23 pct) in conjunction with aluminum (0 to 0.06 pct) on the properties of hot-rolled 0.1 pct carbon steels were determined. Experiments were conducted on a laboratory mill to obtain 25 mm (1 in.) plate. Although the primary interest was to improve toughness in materials finished above 980 °C (1800 °F), finishing temperatures in the range 845 to 1150 °C (1550 to 2100 °F) were investigated. Impact properties of columbium steels finished above 980 °C (1800 °F) were very poor. This effect was attributed to the presence of acicular Widmanstatten structures and relatively coarse grain-boundary precipitates. Toughness improved dramatically at finish-rolling temperatures of 955 °C (1750 °F) and below as a result of the combined effects of grain refinement and reduced precipitation hardening. For the vanadium steels, variations in finish rolling temperature did not have such a marked effect on properties. Aluminum additions considerably lowered the impact transition temperature of the vanadium steels. Although aluminum also improved the impact properties of the columbium steels, the effect was not sufficient to produce good toughness in steels finish-rolled above 980 °C (1800 °F). Thus, although superior properties may be obtained in the columbium steels finished below 925 °C (1700 °F), vanadium steels generally had better impact properties at higher finishing temperatures.

Surface Characteristics of Cold-Rolled Steel as They Affect Paint Performance

Abstract: Paint failure on cold-rolled steel sheet occurs by cathodic delamination at the pretreatment/steel interface. Surface contamination, mainly carbon, is primarily responsible for variable paint performance on cold-rolled steel. The carbon is not uniformly distributed on the steel surface, and its presence in localized areas interferes with the formation of the zinc phosphate during the pretreatment step. The carbon is present primarily in amorphous elemental form and probably originates during annealing from the breakdown of residual rolling oils left on the steel surface prior to annealing and from the thermal dissociation of carbon monoxide. Material with high surface contamination fails much more rapidly than material with low surface contamination because of the poorer bonding of the zinc phosphate to the substrate and the greater oxygen and moisture access to the steel surface as a consequence of porosity of the zinc phosphate layer.