Bethlehem Steel

About: Bethlehem Steel is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Coating & Corrosion. The organization has 1529 authors who have published 1559 publications receiving 19098 citations. The organization is also known as: Bethlehem Steel Corporation.

Optimizing the boron effect

Abstract: The effects of boron content varying from 0.0001 to 0.0110 wt pct were studied to determine the optimum boron range for commercially desirable combinations of hardenability and notch toughness in 11/4 in. thick steel plate made from grade ASTM A514-J. Increasing boron content up to 0.0025 pct resulted in a gradually increasing boron hardenability factor which reached a maximum value slightly greater than 3 at about 0.0020 boron content. The increase in the boron hardenability factor was accompanied by a modest decrease in the CV15 TT. An optimum value was realized at about 0.0020 pct boron. This behavior is consistent with established theory that small amounts of boron, not detectable by conventional means, concentrate at the prior austenite grain boundaries suppressing the ferrite reaction and thus improving hardenability. Increasing the boron content above 0.0025 pct resulted in a decrease in the boron hardenability factor to a value of about 2.0 when 0.0060 boron was added. No further lowering of the boron hardenability factor was experienced with boron additions as high as 0.0110 pct. Additions of boron above 0.0025 pct caused a strong increase in the CV15 TT value. The deterioration of both the boron hardenability factor and toughness, when boron contents exceeded 0.0025 pct, was attributable to the formatipn of large particles of the “boron constituent,” identified as Fe23(C, B)6 which formed at the prior austenite grain boundaries and nucleated massive ferrite. The mechanism was operable at austenitizing temperatures and cooling rates equivalent to those used in commercial practice.

The effect of boron on the chemistry of grain boundaries in stoichiometric Ni3Al

Abstract: X-ray spectra have been obtained, using a 1 nm diameter electron beam, from thin foils of stoichiometric Ni3Al with and without boron (0·35 at.%). The boron addition produces nickel enrichment at grain boundaries, which implies a disordering of this region. Disordering of the grain boundary and the consequent expected increase in grain boundary dislocation mobility are suggested to be the reason for the ductility improvement of Ni3Al due to boron.

Optimal Selection of Ingot Sizes Via Set Covering

Abstract: In 1984, Bethlehem Steel Corporation installed a new ingot mold stripping facility at its Bethlehem Plant that is capable of handling taller ingots. In order to take maximum advantage of this new facility, we developed a two-phase, computer-based procedure for selecting optimal ingot and internal ingot mold dimensions. Phase I of this procedure generates feasible ingot and internal ingot mold dimensions consistent with both the new stripper's capability and with mill constraints. Phase II then uses a set covering approach to select the optimal ingot and internal ingot mold sizes from among the feasible sizes generated. After analyzing the model, we recommended six new rectangular mold sizes to replace seven existing sizes. To date, implementation of these new ingot and mold sizes is proceeding smoothly and realizing the projected cost reduction benefits.