Showing papers by "Bharathiar University published in 1996"
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption of dyes such as congo red, procion orange and rhodamine-B by waste orange peel was examined at different concentrations of dye, adsorbent dosage, agitation time and pH.
585 citations
TL;DR: The chemical composition and nutritional characteristics of seeds of Mucuna pruriens were investigated in this article, where the mature seeds contained 314.4 g/kg crude protein, 51.6 g/ kg crude fiber, 67.3 g/g crude fat, 41.1 g/k ash, and 525.6g/kg carbohydrates.
Abstract: The chemical composition and nutritional characteristics of seeds of Mucuna pruriens were investigated. The mature seeds contained 314.4 g/kg crude protein, 51.6 g/kg crude fiber, 67.3 g/kg crude fat, 41.1 g/kg ash, and 525.6 g/kg carbohydrates. Potassium, phosphorus, and calcium registered higher concentrations compared with the most commonly consumed pulses. The globulins and albumins together constituted the major storage proteins (22.7 g/100 g of seed flour). The essential amino acids profile of total seed proteins compared favorably with the FAO/WHO reference pattern except for deficiency of sulfo amino acids. When compared with globulins, albumins appeared to be a rich source of valine and tryptophan. However, cystine, methionine, and leucine were deficient in both the protein fractions. Both oleic and linoleic acids constituted the predominant fatty acids (65.5%) along with a substantial quantity of palmitic acid (20.16%). Dry heating as well as autoclaving significantly reduced the antinutritional...
240 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used activated carbon prepared from peanut hull (PHC), an agricultural waste byproduct, for the adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solution.
202 citations
TL;DR: The three species of Pleurotus cultivated on various agro-residues such as paddy straw, maize stover, sugarcane bagasse, coir pith and a mixture of these wastes reported the biological efficiency, nutrient composition, energy value and energy recovery of the fruit bodies obtained on these substrates.
129 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the above ground biomass production and nutrient distribution in growing Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss from two days old (0.12 m height) to maturity (28.5m height) were studied over five months.
Abstract: Above ground biomass production and nutrient distribution in growing Bamboo (Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss) from two days old (0.12 m height) to maturity (28.5 m height) were studied over five months. The average daily increase in height was 30 cm and independent of rain. There was a linear increase in the total above ground biomass for all components with the percentage contribution of culm maximum followed by branches, and leaves. Culm recruitment was monsoon dependent. The percentage distribution of N, P, K, Ca and Mg between components varied. Biomass equations were derived to estimate the green weight of the whole bamboo culm, the weights of the branches, leaves, and rhizomes and the relationships between the oven dry weights of various tree components as dependent variables and diameter (D), height (H), diameter and height (DH), square of diameter and height (D2H), square of diameter (D2), basal area (B), basal area diameter and height (BH) were determined. Of these, diameter and height (DH) was found to be most closely correlated with total above ground biomass. This was therefore used for the prediction of total biomass.
72 citations
01 Apr 1996
TL;DR: In this article, the structural, optical, and electrical characterization of thin films of cadmium oxide have been investigated and it is observed from the optical properties that the films possess a transmittance of about 85% in the visible and near infrared regions of the spectrum and direct bandgap values in the range 2.50 to 2.68 eV for films of thicknesses 146 to 177 nm.
Abstract: Thin films of cadmium oxide have been produced by dc reactive magnetron sputtering in nitrogen and oxygen atmosphere. The structural, optical, and electrical characterization of these films are investigated. Structural analysis indicates that the films are polycrystalline and cubic. Composition analysis by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry has been made and it is found that the films contain excess cadmium and deficient oxygen. It is observed from the optical properties that the films possess a transmittance of about 85% in the visible and near infrared regions of the spectrum and direct bandgap values in the range 2.50 to 2.68 eV for films of thicknesses 146 to 177 nm. Electrical measurements point out that the films have resistivity, carrier concentration, and mobility in the range 2.65 to 6.64 × 10-6 Ωm, 1.60 to 2.35 × 1026 m-3, and 57.65 to 100.48 × 10−4 m2 v−1 s−1 respectively.
64 citations
TL;DR: Of all the different treatments studied, autoclaving seemed to be the best method in eliminating the investigated antinutrients more efficiently except L-DOPA.
Abstract: The effect of soaking, cooking and autoclaving on the levels of certain antinutritional factors present in the tribal pulse, Mucuna pruriens, were studied. The amount of reduction of total free phenolics was found to be greater in sodium bicarbonate solution (56%) compared to distilled water (47%); subjected to cooking and autoclaving these were further reduced to 49%. Autoclaving (45 min) significantly reduced the tannin content (71%). Insignificant reduction in content of L-DOPA was observed in all the processes. Distilled water soaking was found to be ineffective in eliminating lectin activity; whereas very significant reduction was noticed against all the human blood groups ABO without any specificity in samples subjected to cooking and autoclaving. Soaking in distilled water was more effective (27% reduction) than sodium bicarbonate solution (17% reduction) in lowering the contents of phytic acid. Cooking for 90 min and autoclaving for 45 min resulted in eliminating phytic acid to the extent of 18% and 44%, respectively. Loss of HCN was greater under autoclaving (75%) than the other processes studied. Of the three oligosaccharides analysed, soaking effected maximum reduction in the level of stachyose followed by verbascose and raffinose. Autoclaving effected greater reduction (59-81%) compared to ordinary cooking (40-60% reduction). Of all the different treatments studied, autoclaving seemed to be the best method in eliminating the investigated antinutrients more efficiently except L-DOPA.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of soaking, cooking and autoclaving on the levels of phytic acid and oligosaccharides, raffinose, stachyose and verbascose, present in two germplasm seed materials of Mucuna monosperma collected from Kerala and Tamil Nadu states, were investigated.
55 citations
TL;DR: Among the VAM combinations, inocula containing all four endophytes promoted markedly better shoot length and biomass than other combinations, although spore yields were lower in mixed inocula, and in quadruple combination than in either triple or double combinations.
55 citations
TL;DR: A series of low-spin ruthenium(III) complexes of the type [RuX(EPh3)(LL')] (X = Cl, Br; E = P, As; LL' = Salen, Salpn and Saldien) have been synthesised by reacting [RuCl3(PPh3)3], [RuC3(AsPh3), [RuBr3(APh3] or [RuB3(MeOH)] with tetradentate Schiff bases such as bis(salicylaldehyde)ethylenedi
Abstract: A series of low-spin ruthenium(III) complexes of the type [RuX(EPh3)(LL')] (X = Cl, Br; E = P, As; LL' = Salen, Salpn and Saldien) have been synthesised by reacting [RuCl3(PPh3)3], [RuCl3(AsPh3)3], [RuBr3(AsPh3)3] or [RuBr3(PPh3)2(MeOH)] with tetradentate Schiff bases such as bis(salicylaldehyde)ethylenediimine (H2-Salen), bis(salicylaldehyde)propylenediimine (H2-Salpn) and bis(salicylaldehyde)diethylenetriimine (H2-Saldien). All complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR and electronic spectra, EPR, magnetic moment and cyclic voltammetric data.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the nutritional and antinutritional characteristics and biological value of Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. seeds were investigated and the in vitro protein digestibility of raw, dry heat-treated and autoclaved seeds were 61.2%, 77.4% and 80.2% respectively.
TL;DR: In this paper, Cadmium oxide thin films were prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering using a Cd target in nitrogen and oxygen atmosphere using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), optical transmittivity, Hall effect, and thermoelectric power.
TL;DR: In this paper, sufficient conditions for the local null controllability of non-linear functional differential systems with unbounded linear operators in Banach space are established using the semigroup of linear operators, fractional powers of operators, and the Schauder fixed-point theorem.
Abstract: Sufficient conditions for the local null controllability of non-linear functional differential systems with unbounded linear operators in Banach space are established. The results are obtained using the semigroup of linear operators, fractional powers of operators, and the Schauder fixed-point theorem. Applications to parabolic differential systems are given.
TL;DR: Sister chromatid exchange frequencies were deter mined in peripheral lymphocytes from traffic policemen drawn from various busy traffic points of Madras metro in India, revealing a significantly greater number of SCE/cell in these policemen as against the matched control population.
Abstract: Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies were determined in peripheral lymphocytes from traffic policemen drawn from various busy traffic points of Madras metro in India. These policemen were under constant exposure to automobile exhaust pollution during their 8 h work schedule. Analysis of SCE frequencies revealed a significantly greater number of SCE/cell in these policemen as against the matched control population. Sixty percent of these subjects who remained in the service after 5 years showed insignificant but higher values of SCE than in the initial analysis.
TL;DR: In this article, the metal cobaltites, MCo2O4 where M = Mg, Mn, Ni, Zn or Cd were obtained from the above complexes as decomposition residues by heating these complexes in a pre-heated silica crucible at 500 °C for about fifteen minutes.
TL;DR: In this paper, Al-Snse-Al thin-film capacitors were fabricated onto well cleaned glass substrates by thermal evaporation under a pressure of 2 mPa. Multiple beam interferometry (MBI) was used to measure the thickness of the SnSe films.
Abstract: Al-Snse-Al thin film capacitors were fabricated onto well cleaned glass substrates by thermal evaporation under a pressure of 2 mPa. Multiple beam interferometry (MBI) was used to measure the thicknesses of the SnSe films. The composition and structure of Sn x Se 1-x films were analysed using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and X-ray diffractogram, respectively. The capacitor samples were stabilised by aging and annealing. The variations of the dielectric constant and loss as a function of frequency at different temperatures were observed and the results are discussed. AC conduction studies reveal that the conduction mechanism is due to hopping of holes. The activation energies were also calculated.
TL;DR: The occurrence of vesicles with varied morphology in the mycorrhizal roots indicates infection by different VAM fungal species, and patterns of the occurrence of VAMfungal structures were erratic.
Abstract: A study was conducted to assess the dynamics of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi associated with Acacia farnesiana and A. planifrons in moderately fertile alkaline soils. The intensity of root colonization by VAM fungi and the distribution of VAM fungal structures varied with host species over a period of time. The occurrence of vesicles with varied morphology in the mycorrhizal roots indicates infection by different VAM fungal species. This was further confirmed from the presence of spores belonging to different VAM fungal species in the rhizosphere soils. Root colonization and spore number ranged from 56% – 72% and 5 – 14 g – 1soil in A. farnesiana and from 60% – 73% and 5 – 15 g – 1 soil in A. planifrons. Per cent root colonization and VAM spore number in the rhizosphere soil were inversely related to each other in both the Acacia species. However, patterns of the occurrence of VAM fungal structures were erratic. Spores of Acaulospora foveata, Gigaspora albida, Glomus fasciculatum, G. geosporum and Sclerocystis sinuosa were isolated from the rhizosphere of A. farnesiana whereas A. scrobiculata,G. pustulatum, G. fasciculatum,G. geosporum and G. microcarpum were isolated from that of A. planifrons. The response of VAM status to fluctuating edaphic factors varied with host species. In A. farnesiana though soil nitrogen (N) was positively correlated with root colonization, soil moisture, potassium and air temperature were negatively correlated to both root colonization and spore number. Per cent root colonization and spore number in A. planifrons were negatively related to each other. Further, in A. planifrons as the soil phosphorus and N were negatively correlated with the density of VAM fungal spores, the same edaphic factors along with soil moisture negatively influenced root colonization.
TL;DR: The results reflect a high incidence of VAM in sedges occurring in Western Ghats and emphasize the need to assess the VAM status of plant species from different ecosystems to understand their mycorrhizal status.
Abstract: Twenty-four species of sedges (representing six genera) from different vegetation types in Western Ghats, South India, were examined for vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) associations. All the sedges had VAM fungal infections with hyphae and vesicles, but arbuscules were observed only in 42% of the total species. The VAM fungal colonization varied considerably between species, ranging from 9 to 62%. Root colonization was positively and negatively correlated with root diameter and root hair length, respectively. The number of VAM fungal spores in the rhizosphere varied from 5 to 86 g-1 soil. No significant relationship was found between spore numbers or root colonization and either soil pH or moisture. Four Glomus spp., one Acaulospora sp., one Sclerocystis spp., and one Gigaspora sp. were identified among the VAM fungal spores. The results reflect a high incidence of VAM in sedges occurring in Western Ghats and emphasize the need to assess the VAM status of plant species from different ecosystems to understand their mycorrhizal status.
TL;DR: In this paper, the infrared spectra of the carboxylate complexes of N 2 H 5 [UO 2 L 3 ]· n H 2 O have been analyzed in aqueous media.
TL;DR: In this article, the X-ray powder data of each set of complexes show isomorphism among themselves, and the thermal behavior of these compounds has been studied by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analyses.
Abstract: Hydrazinium metal glycinates [(N2H52M(NH2CH2COO)4] and bis(hydrazine)metal glycinates, [M(NH2CH2COO)2(N2H4)2], whereM=Co, Ni or Zn have been prepared and characterized by chemical analyses, magnetic moments and vibrational and electronic spectra. The thermal behaviour of these compounds has been studied by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analyses. These complexes decompose with high exothermicity giving metal powder as the final residue. The X-ray powder data of each set of complexes show isomorphism among themselves.
TL;DR: In this paper, sufficient conditions for the null controllability of a nonlinear infinite delay system with time varying multiple delays in the control are developed, where the uncontrolled system is uniformly asymptotically stable, and if the linear system is controllable, then the nonlinear system is null-controllable.
TL;DR: In this paper, optical absorption, photoluminescence, and thermoluminecence emission studies were made on Cscl:Tb 3+ crystals at room temperature.
Abstract: Optical absorption, photoluminescence, and thermoluminescence emission studies are made on Cscl:Tb 3+ crystals at room temperature. The presence of impurities is confirmed by the characteristic OA band at 360 nm. Photoluminescence of these crystals shows characteristic Tb 3+ emissions due to transitions from the 5 D 3 and 5 D 4 levels to various levels of the 7 F septet. The glow curve studies clearly show the participation of terbium ions in the thermoluminescence process. The new 415 K glow peak, not observed in pure CsCl, is ascribed to the terbium ion in the vicinity of F centers. All the TL glow peaks give the characteristic emissions of Tb 3+ in addition to the emission due to the recombination of the F electron with V-type centers.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Induction of micronuclei in five different species of fish from polluted sewage water and in fish exposed to heavy metals was investigated and Lepidocephalus was found to be highly sensitive.
Abstract: Induction of micronuclei in five different species of fish from polluted sewage water and in fish exposed to heavy metals was investigated. The frequency of micronuclei was statistically significant in both the groups and among the five species tested, Lepidocephalus was found to be highly sensitive.
TL;DR: In this paper, a nine-coordination for the lanthanide ions was proposed based on analytical, magnetic, spectral, thermal and X-ray studies, where the OCO − groups of phthalate bridge in both mono-and bidentate fashion as evidenced by IR data.
TL;DR: In this paper, the magnetic and electronic spectral data indicate octahedral coordination around Mn, Co and Ni and square-planar coordination around Cu ions, and the simultaneous TG-DTA data show that Ni and Cu salicylate hydrazinate complexes undergo complete exothermic decomposition.
TL;DR: In this article, the magnetic moments and electronic spectra reveal that M(C6H5COO)2N2H4 is tetrahedral and the other complexes are octahedral.
Abstract: Hydrazine metal benzoate complexes of the formula M(C6H5COO)2N2H4, where M = Mn and Zn and bis(hydrazine) metal benzoate complexes of the formula M(C6H5COO)2(N2H4)2, where M = Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Mg, and bis(hydrazinium) nickel benzoate complex have been prepared in aqueous solution by the reaction of hydrazinium benzoate and the corresponding metal nitrate hydrates. The complexes were characterised by chemical analyses, magnetic, spectral, thermal and XRD studies. The magnetic moments and electronic spectra reveal that M(C6H5COO)2N2H4 is tetrahedral and the other complexes are octahedral. Infrared spectra show that hydrazine is bidentate bridging, while N2H5 + and carboxylate ions are unidentate. Simultaneous TG-DTA shows that the complexes undergo both exothermic and endothermic decomposition via metal benzoate or oxalate intermediates to form the metal oxide. The benzoate intermediates for the Mn, Co and Mg complexes melt before decomposition, whereas the (N2H5)2Ni(C6H5COO)4 complex itself melt...
TL;DR: A theoretical model for the particle behaviour in thermal plasma incorporating the effect of evaporation of the particle on the heat flux from the plasma to it has been used to study the history of a particle in-flight during plasma spraying of alumina powder.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors study the Painleve analysis for nonlinear diffusion equations and find that in some cases it has only the conditional Painleves property and in other cases, just the painleve property.
Abstract: We study the Painleve analysis for a class of nonlinear diffusion equations. We find that in some cases it has only the conditional Painleve property and in other cases, just the Painleve property. We also obtained special solutions.
TL;DR: In this article, sufficient conditions for the relative controllability of nonlinear neutral Volterra integrodifferential systems with distributed delays in the control variables were derived by using Schauder's fixed-point theorem.
Abstract: Sufficient conditions are derived for the relative controllability of nonlinear neutral Volterra integrodifferential systems with distributed delays in the control variables. The results are a generalization of previous results and are obtained by using Schauder's fixed-point theorem.
TL;DR: In this paper, the 3-21G basis set was used for the analysis of methanol-water hetero-dimer systems, and four new complex structures were examined in addition to the old one.
Abstract: Ab initio calculations have been performed for the methanol-water hetero dimer system using the 3-21G basis set. Four new complex structures have been examined in addition to the old one. Among the four, two complex structures could exist. These two structures are optimized by the 3-21G ∗ (C and O) basis set (with inclusion of polarization functions except for hydrogen). The main parameters for a hydrogen bonded structures, i.e., hydrogen bond length and the interaction energy, have been calculated. Basis set superposition errors have been eliminated by using the full counterpoise correction method. The chemical hardness and the electronic chemical potential have been calculated for both monomers and for the complex structures. The stability of the various methanol-water complex configurations are discussed in relation to the stability of the monomers using the values of dipole moment, atomic charge and hardness.