Showing papers by "Bharathiar University published in 2006"
TL;DR: The reappraisal indicates that pre-Holocene and Holocene-era--not Indo-European--expansions have shaped the distinctive South Asian Y-chromosome landscape.
Abstract: Although considerable cultural impact on social hierarchy and language in South Asia is attributable to the arrival of nomadic Central Asian pastoralists, genetic data (mitochondrial and Y chromosomal) have yielded dramatically conflicting inferences on the genetic origins of tribes and castes of South Asia. We sought to resolve this conflict, using high-resolution data on 69 informative Y-chromosome binary markers and 10 microsatellite markers from a large set of geographically, socially, and linguistically representative ethnic groups of South Asia. We found that the influence of Central Asia on the pre-existing gene pool was minor. The ages of accumulated microsatellite variation in the majority of Indian haplogroups exceed 10,000–15,000 years, which attests to the antiquity of regional differentiation. Therefore, our data do not support models that invoke a pronounced recent genetic input from Central Asia to explain the observed genetic variation in South Asia. R1a1 and R2 haplogroups indicate demographic complexity that is inconsistent with a recent single history. Associated microsatellite analyses of the high-frequency R1a1 haplogroup chromosomes indicate independent recent histories of the Indus Valley and the peninsular Indian region. Our data are also more consistent with a peninsular origin of Dravidian speakers than a source with proximity to the Indus and with significant genetic input resulting from demic diffusion associated with agriculture. Our results underscore the importance of marker ascertainment for distinguishing phylogenetic terminal branches from basal nodes when attributing ancestral composition and temporality to either indigenous or exogenous sources. Our reappraisal indicates that pre-Holocene and Holocene-era—not Indo-European—expansions have shaped the distinctive South Asian Y-chromosome landscape.
398 citations
TL;DR: Langmuir's isotherm data were used to design single-stage batch adsorption model and influence of temperature on the removal of dye from aqueous solution shows the feasibility of adsorptive nature and its endothermic nature.
322 citations
TL;DR: The overall rate of dye adsorption appeared to be controlled by chemisorption, in this case in accordance with poor desorption studies.
306 citations
TL;DR: The results revealed that the FeCl3 pretreated fungal mat could be used as an effective biosorbent for As(III) and As(V); autoclavedfungal mat for Fe(II) removal from ground water sample.
213 citations
TL;DR: Results show that ZnCl(2) activated coir pith carbon is effective for the removal of toxic pollutants from water.
201 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a solution casting technique was used to extract polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) as a host polymer and LiClO 4 as a dopant.
189 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the formation of the blend polymer electrolyte complex has been confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy analysis, and the high ionic conductivity of 6.4 × 10 −4 ǫ s cm −1 at 343 K has been observed for blended polymer electrolytes having blend ratio 75:25 (PVAc:PVdF).
136 citations
TL;DR: Batch sorption proved to be more efficient than the column sorption and hence batch sorption was used to remove Cr(VI) from a textile dyeing industry wastewater and the phytotoxic effect of treated and untreated wastewater was studied against Zea mays.
120 citations
TL;DR: Seasonal variations in the prevalence pattern were identified with, a higher prevalence during monsoon months followed by post-monsoon and premonsoon, and high prevalence of multiple antimicrobial resistance among these strains suggesting possible prior selection by use of antimicrobials in egg production.
113 citations
TL;DR: The Fourier transform infra-red and Laser Raman spectroscopy results strongly suggest the interaction of lithium cation and network polymer chains in PVAc:LiClO(4) polymer electrolytes.
111 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of various parameters such as agitation time, vanadium concentration, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature on vanadium removal from aqueous solution has been studied.
Abstract: Adsorption of vanadium(V) from aqueous solution onto ZnCl2 activated carbon developed from coconut coir pith was investigated to assess the possible use of this adsorbent. The influence of various parameters such as agitation time, vanadium concentration, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature has been studied. First, second order, Elovich and Bangham’s models were used to study the adsorption kinetics. The adsorption system follows second order and Bangham’s kinetic models. Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin isotherms have been employed to analyze the adsorption equilibrium data. Equilibrium adsorption data followed all the four isotherms—Langmuir, Freundlich, D-R and Temkin. The Langmuir adsorption capacity (Q
0) was found to be 24.9 mg g− 1 of the adsorbent. The per cent adsorption was maximum in the pH range 4.0–9.0. The pH effect and desorption studies showed that ion exchange mechanism might be involved in the adsorption process. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG
0, ΔH
0 and ΔS
0 for the adsorption were evaluated. Effect of competitive anions in the aqueous solution such as PO4
3 −, SO4
2−, ClO4
−, MoO4
2−, SeO3
2−, NO3
− and Cl− was examined. SEM and FTIR were used to study the surface of vanadium(V) loaded ZnCl2 activated carbon. Removal of vanadium(V) from synthetic ground water was also tested. Results show that ZnCl2 activated coir pith carbon is effective for the removal of vanadium(V) from water.
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption interactions of dye, phenol and chlorophenol onto coir pith carbon from aqueous solution were investigated using FT-IR Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction techniques.
TL;DR: In this paper, a polymer electrolyte based on poly N-vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) with different compositions have been prepared by solution casting technique.
TL;DR: Roots of 107 medicinal and aromatic plants in the Western Ghats region of Southern India are investigated for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) associations, finding the Arum-type was more prevalent in annuals than in perennials and the DSE associations were more frequent in herbs and perennials.
Abstract: We investigated roots of 107 medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in the Western Ghats region of Southern India for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) associations. Of the 107 MAPs belonging to 98 genera in 52 families examined, 79 were AM and 38 harbored a DSE association. Typical Arum- and Paris-type mycorrhizas are first reported in the presumed nonmycorrhizal family Amaranthaceae. Similarly, DSE associations are recorded for the first time in nine plant families and 37 plant species. Thirty MAPs had both AM and DSE associations. The number of MAPs having Arum-type mycorrhiza was greater than those having Paris-type. This was more prominent among herbaceous plants than in trees where the Paris-type was predominant. Similarly, the Arum-type was more prevalent in annuals than in perennials. DSE associations were more frequent in herbs and perennials compared to other MAPs.
TL;DR: P pH effect and desorption studies showed that ion exchange and chemisorption mechanism were involved in the adsorption process and ZnCl2 activated coir pith carbon was effective for the removal and recovery of molybdate from water.
TL;DR: First and second instars were more susceptible to leaf extract than older insects, and clear dose-response relationships were established, with the highest dose of 4% plant extract causing 97% mortality of first instars.
TL;DR: In this article, a three-step synthesis of indoloquinoline alkaloids is described, where the reaction of 2,3 and 4-substituted haloquinolines with anilines afforded the respective anilinoquinoline, which upon photocyclization gave the indolo-quinoline, cryptotackieine, cryptosanguinolentine and cryptolepine.
TL;DR: A synergistic effect of botanical insecticides and bacterial toxins was found when combined in low doses and effects are most pronounced in early instars.
TL;DR: It is suggested that treatments with AZA and SpltNPV at appropriate combinations of concentration levels may result in improved control of tobacco cutworm compared with treatment with either AZA or virus alone.
15 Sep 2006-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, the compositional properties of the Ti thin films were studied using four point probe, XPS and spectroscopic ellipsometry techniques and the structural properties were obtained using XRD, SEM and AFM techniques.
Abstract: Titanium (Ti) thin films were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering at conventional conditions with different cathode power (75–150 W), sputtering pressure (1.1–3.3 Pa) and base vacuum ((4–13) × 10 −4 Pa). The compositional properties of the films were studied using four point probe, XPS and spectroscopic ellipsometry techniques. Additionally, the structural properties of the Ti films were obtained using XRD, SEM and AFM techniques and also derived from ellipsometry data. Deposition conditions with low cathode power (75 W) and high base pressure (13 × 10 −4 Pa), independent of the other parameters, yielded significant nitridation in the films and that condition, together with high sputtering pressure (3.3 Pa), resulted in transparent Ti oxide film. The films prepared under these conditions were amorphous. Otherwise, under deposition conditions of higher cathode power and lower sputtering and base pressures, only oxidation in the films was observed. The concentration of the oxide phase decreased with an increase in the cathode power and decrease in the sputtering and base pressures. Furthermore, under these conditions the films crystallized. The crystallinity increased with increase in cathode power (100–150 W) and sputtering pressure (1.1–2 Pa) and eventually was found to be amorphous with a slight increase in the base vacuum from the lowest of 4 × 10 −4 Pa. However, the morphological properties of the Ti films were least influenced by the preparation conditions. The films were uniform and void free exhibiting densely packed morphological characteristics with similar smooth surface roughness. A strong relation existed between the composition and structural properties in the films. From this dependence the optimum deposition conditions is obtained to prepare metallic and crystalline Ti films under conventional conditions.
TL;DR: In this article, the steady nonlinear hydromagnetic flow of an incompressible, viscous and electrically conducting fluid with heat transfer over a surface of variable temperature stretching with a power-law velocity in the presence of variable transverse magnetic field is analyzed.
Abstract: The steady nonlinear hydromagnetic flow of an incompressible, viscous and electrically conducting fluid with heat transfer over a surface of variable temperature stretching with a power-law velocity in the presence of variable transverse magnetic field is analysed. Utilizing similarity transformation, governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed to nonlinear ordinary differential equations and they are numerically solved using fourth-order Runge–Kutta shooting method. Numerical solutions are illustrated graphically by means of graphs. The effects of magnetic field, stretching parameter and Prandtl number on velocity, skin friction, temperature distribution and rate of heat transfer are discussed.
TL;DR: All the new hexa-coordinated ruthenium(III) complexes synthesized have exhibited catalytic activity for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol and cinnamylalcohol in the presence of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide as co-oxidant and were found to be active against the bacteria.
TL;DR: In laboratory experiments, treatment with plant extracts and bacterial toxins suppressed leaf folding behaviour of C. medinalis and all larvae died in the treatment of bacterial toxins and both botanicals combined.
TL;DR: In this article, a solution cast of pure polyvinyl alcohol and poly vinyl alcohol doped with silver nitrate with different compositions has been obtained, and the FT-IR spectrum confirms the complexation process.
Abstract: Thick films of pure polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol doped with silver nitrate with different compositions have been prepared by solution cast technique. The FT-IR spectrum confirms the complexation process. The conductivity of the pure polyvinyl alcohol is of the order of 10−7 Sm−1 at 90 °C, and its value increases by two orders of magnitude when doped with 20 wt% of AgNO3. The activation energy, calculated from the Arrhenius plot for all compositions of the poly vinyl alcohol doped with silver nitrate, is between 0.24 and 0.35 eV. The migration energy for the ion in polymer electrolyte has been calculated from the modulus spectrum, and is in good agreement with the activation energy calculated from the Arrhenius plot. The modulus spectra indicate the non-Debye nature of the material.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of neem limonoids azadirachtin, salannin, deacetylgedunin, gedunin, 17-hydroxyazadiradione, 17 hydroxyl-azadiadione and deacetyi nimbin on enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae was investigated.
TL;DR: In this article, a hexa-coordinated ruthenium (III) complexes of the type [RuX(EPh3)2(L)] (X = Cl or Br; L = dibasic tridentate Schiff base ligand; E = P or As) have been synthesized by the reactions of [RuCl3(PPh3] or [RuBr3(AsPh3)] with the appropriate Schiff base base ligands derived by the condensation of salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naph
Abstract: New hexa-coordinated ruthenium (III) complexes of the type [RuX(EPh3)2(L)] (X = Cl or Br; L = dibasic tridentate Schiff base ligand; E = P or As) have been synthesized by the reactions of [RuCl3(PPh3)3], [RuCl3(AsPh3)3] or [RuBr3(AsPh3)3] with the appropriate Schiff base ligands derived by the condensation of salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with N(4) substituted thiosemicarbazones. All the new complexes were characterized using various physico-chemical methods such as elemental analyses, infrared, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, magnetic moment and cyclic voltammetry. Based on the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis, an octahedral structure has been confirmed for the complexes. The new complexes have been subjected to the catalytic activity and antibacterial studies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results of the present study indicated the presence of pathogenic A. hydrophila in the study area causing diarrhoea among children.
Abstract: BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE The interest on the occurrence multidrug resistance and pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila is increasing worldwide since it causes gasteroenteritis to children. Though reports on the occurrence of gasteroenteritis among children due to A. hydrophila in Tamil Nadu are available from certain areas, no information is available from Coimbatore. Hence, this study was undertaken to find out the occurrence of the pathogenic A. hydrophila in diarrhoeal stool of children, particularly in Coimbatore region. METHODS Isolation and identification of A. hydrophila was carried out from stool samples collected from children with acute diarrhoea. Multiple antibiotic resistance was determined by disc diffusion method. The pathogenicity of A. hydrophila was confirmed by production of haemolysin, protease and slime. RESULTS Of the 216 samples, 21 (9.7%) were positive for A. hydrophila. Among them 20 isolates were resistant to bacitracin. Most of the isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance. Among the 21 isolates, protease and haemolysin producers were 100 and 95 per cent respectively. About 76 per cent of the isolates produced slime. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicated the presence of pathogenic A. hydrophila in the study area causing diarrhoea among children.
TL;DR: The surface of coir pith, an agricultural solid waste, was modified using a cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide.
Abstract: The surface of coir pith, an agricultural solid waste, was modified using a cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. Adsorption of anionic dyes on surfactant-modified coir pith was investigated in a series of batch adsorption experiments. Two anionic dyes, acid brilliant blue (acid dye) and procion orange (reactive dye), were used in the adsorption studies. The effect of process variables such as contact time, concentration of the dyes, adsorbent dose, temperature, and pH were studied in order to understand the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the process. The kinetics of adsorption obeyed the second-order rate equation. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted into the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. It was found that modified coir pith yielded adsorption capacities of 159 and 89 mg/g for acid brilliant blue and procion orange, respectively. Mechanisms involving ion exchange and chemisorption might be responsible for the uptake of dyes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1538–1546, 2006
TL;DR: Results indicate neem limonoids affect the larval behaviour of rice leaffolder larvae, and are most pronounced in early instars.
TL;DR: This is the first report of a molecularly defined BChE mutation in the Indian population, and it is likely that the proline substitution most likely destabilizes the BCHE structure and causes the protein to be misfolded and rapidly degraded.
Abstract: BackgroundPeople with genetic variants of butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8, BChE) can have hours of prolonged apnea after a normal dose of succinylcholine or mivacurium.MethodsPlasma samples from 226 people in the Vysya community in Coimbatore, India were tested for BChE activity.ResultsNine unrela