Bielefeld University

About: Bielefeld University is a education organization based out in Bielefeld, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Quantum chromodynamics. The organization has 10123 authors who have published 26576 publications receiving 728250 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Bielefeld & UNIVERSITAET BIELEFELD.

Health Technology Assessment (HTA)

Abstract: Da im Gesundheitswesen die Ressourcen begrenzt sind, mussen auf verschiedenen Ebenen Entscheidungen daruber getroffen werden, welche Guter und Dienstleistungen in welcher Qualitat und Beschaffenheit zu welchem Zeitpunkt fur welche Patienten und andere Konsumenten bereitgestellt werden sollen. Je nach Organisationstyp des jeweiligen Gesundheitssystems erfolgt die Entscheidungsfindung auf dezentraler Ebene (z. B. die Medikamentenlistung eines Krankenhauses), regionaler Ebene (z. B. der Abschluss regionaler Versorgungsvertrage) oder nationaler Ebene. In Deutschland fallen beispielsweise die Entscheidungen des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses (G-BA) uber die Erstattungsfahigkeit und den maximal erstatteten Preis von Arzneimitteln sowie die Zulassung ambulanter Verfahren fur die Regelversorgung in die letztgenannte Kategorie. Anders als in anderen Bereichen des Wirtschaftssystems werden damit wichtige Entscheidungen uber die Inanspruchnahme von Gutern und Dienstleistungen nicht vom Konsumenten direkt, sondern von teilweise hoch zentralisierten Gremien gefallt, die fur diese Aufgabe bei rationaler Erfullung ein hohes Mas an Informationstransparenz benotigen.

Strong solutions of stochastic equations with singular time dependent drift

Abstract: We prove existence and uniqueness of strong solutions to stochastic equations in domains with unit diffusion and singular time dependent drift b up to an explosion time. We only assume local L q _L p -integrability of b in ℝ×G with d/p+2/q<1. We also prove strong Feller properties in this case. If b is the gradient in x of a nonnegative function ψ blowing up as G∋x→∂G, we prove that the conditions 2D t ψ≤Kψ,2D t ψ+Δψ≤Ke ɛψ ,ɛ ∈ [0,2), imply that the explosion time is infinite and the distributions of the solution have sub Gaussian tails.

A functional screen implicates microRNA-138-dependent regulation of the depalmitoylation enzyme APT1 in dendritic spine morphogenesis

Abstract: The microRNA pathway has been implicated in the regulation of synaptic protein synthesis and ultimately in dendritic spine morphogenesis, a phenomenon associated with long-lasting forms of memory. However, the particular microRNAs (miRNAs) involved are largely unknown. Here we identify specific miRNAs that function at synapses to control dendritic spine structure by performing a functional screen. One of the identified miRNAs, miR-138, is highly enriched in the brain, localized within dendrites and negatively regulates the size of dendritic spines in rat hippocampal neurons. miR-138 controls the expression of acyl protein thioesterase 1 (APT1), an enzyme regulating the palmitoylation status of proteins that are known to function at the synapse, including the alpha(13) subunits of G proteins (Galpha(13)). RNA-interference-mediated knockdown of APT1 and the expression of membrane-localized Galpha(13) both suppress spine enlargement caused by inhibition of miR-138, suggesting that APT1-regulated depalmitoylation of Galpha(13) might be an important downstream event of miR-138 function. Our results uncover a previously unknown miRNA-dependent mechanism in neurons and demonstrate a previously unrecognized complexity of miRNA-dependent control of dendritic spine morphogenesis.

Gravitational waves from binary supermassive black holes missing in pulsar observations

Abstract: Gravitational waves are expected to be radiated by supermassive black hole binaries formed during galaxy mergers. A stochastic superposition of gravitational waves from all such binary systems would modulate the arrival times of pulses from radio pulsars. Using observations of millisecond pulsars obtained with the Parkes radio telescope, we constrained the characteristic amplitude of this background, A(c,yr), to be <1.0 × 10(-15) with 95% confidence. This limit excludes predicted ranges for A(c,yr) from current models with 91 to 99.7% probability. We conclude that binary evolution is either stalled or dramatically accelerated by galactic-center environments and that higher-cadence and shorter-wavelength observations would be more sensitive to gravitational waves.