Bielefeld University

About: Bielefeld University is a education organization based out in Bielefeld, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Quantum chromodynamics. The organization has 10123 authors who have published 26576 publications receiving 728250 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Bielefeld & UNIVERSITAET BIELEFELD.

Design, implementation and evaluation of a practical pseudoknot folding algorithm based on thermodynamics

Abstract: Background The general problem of RNA secondary structure prediction under the widely used thermodynamic model is known to be NP-complete when the structures considered include arbitrary pseudoknots. For restricted classes of pseudoknots, several polynomial time algorithms have been designed, where the O(n6)time and O(n4) space algorithm by Rivas and Eddy is currently the best available program.

Health literacy in childhood and youth: a systematic review of definitions and models

Abstract: Children and young people constitute a core target group for health literacy research and practice: during childhood and youth, fundamental cognitive, physical and emotional development processes take place and health-related behaviours and skills develop. However, there is limited knowledge and academic consensus regarding the abilities and knowledge a child or young person should possess for making sound health decisions. The research presented in this review addresses this gap by providing an overview and synthesis of current understandings of health literacy in childhood and youth. Furthermore, the authors aim to understand to what extent available models capture the unique needs and characteristics of children and young people. Six databases were systematically searched with relevant search terms in English and German. Of the n = 1492 publications identified, N = 1021 entered the abstract screening and N = 340 full-texts were screened for eligibility. A total of 30 articles, which defined or conceptualized generic health literacy for a target population of 18 years or younger, were selected for a four-step inductive content analysis. The systematic review of the literature identified 12 definitions and 21 models that have been specifically developed for children and young people. In the literature, health literacy in children and young people is described as comprising variable sets of key dimensions, each appearing as a cluster of related abilities, skills, commitments, and knowledge that enable a person to approach health information competently and effectively and to derive at health-promoting decisions and actions. Identified definitions and models are very heterogeneous, depicting health literacy as multidimensional, complex construct. Moreover, health literacy is conceptualized as an action competence, with a strong focus on personal attributes, while also recognising its interrelatedness with social and contextual determinants. Life phase specificities are mainly considered from a cognitive and developmental perspective, leaving children’s and young people’s specific needs, vulnerabilities, and social structures poorly incorporated within most models. While a critical number of definitions and models were identified for youth or secondary school students, similar findings are lacking for children under the age of ten or within a primary school context.

Equation of state for two flavor QCD at nonzero chemical potential

Abstract: We present results of a simulation of QCD on a ${16}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4$ lattice with 2 continuum flavors of a $p4$-improved staggered fermion with mass $m/T=0.4.$ Derivatives of the thermodynamic grand potential $\ensuremath{\Omega}$ with respect to the quark chemical potential ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{q}$ up to fourth order are calculated, enabling estimates of the pressure, quark number density and associated susceptibilities as functions of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{q}$ via Taylor series expansion. Discretization effects associated with various staggered fermion formulations are discussed in some detail. In addition it is possible to estimate the radius of convergence of the expansion as a function of temperature. We also discuss the calculation of energy and entropy densities which are defined via mixed derivatives of $\ensuremath{\Omega}$ with respect to the bare couplings and quark masses.

(S)he's Got the Look: Gender Stereotyping of Robots1

Abstract: Previous research on gender effects in robots has largely ignored the role of facial cues. We fill this gap in the literature by experimentally investigating the effects of facial gender cues on stereotypical trait and application ascriptions to robots. As predicted, the short-haired male robot was perceived as more agentic than was the long-haired female robot, whereas the female robot was perceived as more communal than was the male counterpart. Analogously, stereotypically male tasks were perceived more suitable for the male robot, relative to the female robot, and vice versa. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that gender stereotypes, which typically bias social perceptions of humans, are even applied to robots. Implications for design-related decisions are discussed. jasp_937 2213..2230 Imagine the following scenario that takes place several decades in the future: By then, both authors of this work might be senior citizens, and the same might hold true for our readers. In spite of grieving lost youth, however, imagine that each senior citizen of this future society would be equipped with a personal robot assistant that would take care of everyday life chores, such as personal care, household maintenance, and other conveniences for you. Your personal robot assistant would facilitate everyday life by being able to support you in any possible way. What could your robot assistant look like, and why did designers opt for this particular appearance? Would your companion’s look affect your perceptions of its “personality” and capabilities? The present research focuses on exactly these questions, as we address the issues of design choices in robots and their consequences for the perception of those robots. It is clear that, to date, the scenario outlined here has not yet been fully realized. Nevertheless, taking into account the interdisciplinary effort of international scientists in social robotics, engineering, computer sciences, psychology, and related fields, such a vision will sooner or later become