Showing papers by "Boise State University published in 1981"

Phonological and orthographic factors in the word-superiority effect

Abstract: Phonological and orthographic aspects of a letter string were found to affect the identification of a component letter in three experiments. All involved a fixed set of target vowels presented in a fixed position in letter strings. Manipulations of the phonological nature of the target or the orthographic character of the string were made by adding a letter with the postexposure mask to the original CVC trigram. In Experiment 1, the addition of an E with the mask as a final letter to the string changed the pronunciation of the target vowel, whereas the addition of an S did not. Identification accuracy was higher with the S mask. In Experiment 2, either E or D could be added to CVCs that were equally orthographic but differentially pronounceable. The same added letter had quite different effects on accuracy, depending on its effect on target pronunciation and the orthographic regularity of the string. In Experiment 3, performance on targets in orthographic CVCs was lowered to the level of nonorthographic CVCs by adding a letter that rendered the entire string nonorthographic. The results are explained by assuming that phonological and graphemic codes are developed simultaneously but maintained in a nonindependent manner.

Villages, Demography and Subsistence Intensification On the Southern Columbia Plateau

Abstract: Semi-sedentary villages were established on the southern Columbia plateau by 4300 years before present. Demographic changes accompanying this event included a major shift in human population dispersion. While previous archaeological explanations have emphasized salmon productivity as the major variable in these changes, archaeological and ethnological evidence strongly supports the view that intensification of plant exploitation was the critical subsistence change. Subsistence intensification, sedentism and demographic change in this region are directly relevant to more general questions concerning sedentism among foragers.

International legal norms and the preservation of peace, 1820–1964: Some evidence and Bivariate relationships

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine whether changes in international legal norms have historically been associated with changes in the frequency of war, uses of force short of war, and arbitral activity among major powers. International legal norms are conceptualized as quasi‐authoritative statements that communicate the prevailing attitudes held by members of the state system regarding the acceptability of certain types of behavior. The results from a time‐series regression analysis of data collected under the auspices of Correlates of War and Transnational Rules Indicators Projects indicate that while there is a substantial positive association between the importance attributed by these norms to arbitration and the frequency with which major powers arbitrate their disputes, there is only a weak association between norms regulating dispute settlement through self‐help and the frequency with which major powers resort to war and uses of force short of war.

Dictionary of Mexican American history

Abstract: "Topics included are not only people, places, and events, but laws, treaties, and organizations. . . . The editors . . . supplied us with a much needed reference guide that should be a priority item on every librarian's acquisition list." International Social Science Review

Inhibition of feature extraction with multiple instances of the target feature in different orientations

Abstract: Analyses of alphabetic confusion matrices have produced feature lists defined in terms of confusability of characters thought to contain them. Identical shapes of low confusability (e.g., b, d, p, q) therefore share few or no features. Several researchers have observed mutual inhibition of feature extraction with simultaneously presented confusable shapes. Mutual inhibition observed in the current experiments provides a basis for a definition of features in terms of orientation-independent structural relationships. In the first experiment, four alphanumeric characters were each confused with one other character in this same set; however, when another set was formed by reorienting some of these same shapes to become different characters (e.g., 6 to 9), these confusions disappeared. In the second experiment, characters within each set were exposed parafoveally in pairs to different groups of subjects. If members of a pair were similar in shape (disregarding orientation), identification accuracy was poorer than if they were not. Similar shapes in the same orientation were not signficantly more mutually inhibiting than similar shapes in different orientations.

Consumer Protection Legislation and the U.S. Food Industry

Abstract: (1981). Consumer Protection Legislation and the U.S. Food Industry. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 15, The Papers of J. Fagg Foster, pp. 1117-1119.

The Embeddedness of Communication in the Slime of History: Themes Leading to the Thesis of a Communication Crisis:

Abstract: Ed McLuskie, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the Department of Communication at Boise State University. His research interests include communication theory and systematic constraints on the democratic model of society. The &dquo;Frankfurt School&dquo; of critical theory grew increasingly visible to English-language readers during the past decade: interpretive histories of critical theory’s development (e. g. , Jay, 1973; Slater, 1977; McCarthy, 1979) have been accompanied by translations of major contributions by the &dquo;first generation&dquo; Frankfurt theorists (e. g. , Adorno, 1973; Frankfurt Institute, 1972), including those previously out of print (e. g. , Horkheimer, 1975). Interest in critical theory especially has been heightened by translations of the school’s most significant &dquo;second generation&dquo; theorist, Jurgen Habermas. In addition to his heritage of Kantian and Hegelian philosophy, Marxist social theory, Lebensphil®s®phie, and psychoanalytic theory, Habermas has been