Showing papers by "Boise State University published in 1995"
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of a human facilitator and a computerized Group Support System GSS on group meeting outcomes were investigated in the same way as they are in real organizational situations with experimental conditions used to control confounding influences of other outside factors.
Abstract: This paper is dedicated to the memory of Bye Wynne, who never held back from life, charging those he touched with his vigor, heart, and mind. Thanks.
This article reports on an experiment investigating the effects of a human facilitator and a computerized Group Support System GSS on group meeting outcomes. These treatments were applied in the same way as they are in real organizational situations, with experimental conditions used to control confounding influences of other outside factors. Forty-eight groups were supported by one, both, or neither of the GSS and facilitator treatments. Groups designed a coordinated production strategy during the meeting and then implemented their strategy. Group performance, perceptions of group cohension, and group interaction processes were assessed as the primary dependent variables.
Facilitated groups experienced improved group processes and greater cohesion, whereas the GSS-supported groups did not. Facilitator and GSS support together tended to enhance one another's effective influence on cohesion and processes. No significant treatment effects on Performance were found. Supplemental analyses revealed that the quality of facilitators and the restrictiveness of different GSS tools moderated their impacts on appropriation processes and group outcomes.
240 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, side-scan sonar mosaics of the inner valley floor of eight spreading segments at the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 25 ° and 29 °N are presented.
83 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of the situation of street children and youth in urban Latin America and synthesize findings from numerous studies throughout the region, including original studies by the authors, are synthesized.
82 citations
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: The fundamentals of merging are described, the known methods of software merging are surveyed, including a method based on programming-language syntax, and a set of tools that perform syntactic merging are discussed.
Abstract: Software merging is the process of combining multiple existing versions of a source file, to produce a new version. Typically, the goal is for the new version to implement some kind of union of the features implemented by the existing versions. A variety of merge tools are available, but software merging is still a tedious process, and mistakes are easy to make. This paper describes the fundamentals of merging, surveys the known methods of software merging, including a method based on programming-language syntax, and discusses a set of tools that perform syntactic merging.
80 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of cooperative learning strategies in a computer skills lab course at the college level was investigated and the results showed that both performance and retention were significantly improved with cooperative learning.
Abstract: This article reports research on the use of cooperative learning strategies in a computer skills lab course at the college level. An experimental design was used to compare the difference in learning performance and student retention in the course between a section taught using cooperative teams and one taught in the traditional individual learning format. Both sections were taught by the regular full-time professor. The results showed that both performance and retention were significantly improved with the use of cooperative learning. The study also included a measure of computer anxiety the analysis of which resulted in a significant interaction between section and anxiety for overall course grade percentage, the high anxiety students doing much better in the cooperative learning section than in the individual learning section. The high anxiety students all experienced a reduction in anxiety regardless of treatment. However, the change in anxiety was most dramatic for the high anxiety students in the co...
72 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the O 2 partial pressure dependence of oxygen content in Nd 1+ z Ba 2− z Cu 3 O y were determined over the entire range of z, and the T - z - p [O 2 ] dependence of high-temperature decomposition was also determined.
Abstract: The temperature ( T ) and O 2 partial pressure ( p [O 2 ]) dependence of oxygen content ( y ) in Nd 1+ z Ba 2− z Cu 3 O y were determined over the entire range of z . These data were represented by chemical thermodynamic models. The T - z - p [O 2 ] dependence of high-temperature decomposition was also determined, as were the effects of various T - t - p [O 2 ] treatments on the superconducting transition temperature ( T c ). These results were compared with those from the Y and La homologs.
65 citations
TL;DR: Comparisons between road andoff-road cycling events indicate that off-road cyclists sustain more fractures, dislocations and concussions than their road-event counterparts.
Abstract: Off-road bicycles, commonly called ‘mountain bikes’, have become increasingly popular worldwide since their introduction in the western US in the late 1970s. This popularity is partly because these vehicles can be ridden on a wide variety of terrain which is not accessible to other types of bicycle. Although early versions were rather crude, off-road bicycles today typically include high strength, lightweight frames with a wide array of available suspension and braking systems. Virtually all aspects of the technology continue to evolve, including components and protective equipment. As the popularity of off-road cycling has increased, so too has the interest and level of participation in the competitive aspects of the sport. Currently, 2 organisations — the National Off-Road Bicycle Association (NORBA) and the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) — sponsor the major events within the US and around the world. To date, the majority of studies have been descriptive in nature, with data collected via self-report, questionnaire formats. Only 1 prospective study has been reported thus far, which surveyed a major international competition held in the US in 1994. Injury rates calculated on the basis of injuries per ride or event in competitive venues have been reported, ranging from 0.2 to 0.39% compared with 0.30% for recreational participants. Retrospective data collected from recreational and competitive riders indicate that from 20 to 88% of those surveyed reported having sustained an injury during the previous year of participation. The majority of injuries appear to be acute, traumatic episodes involving the extremities, with contusions and abrasions being the most common. In general, the incidence of more severe injuries such as dislocations, fractures and concussions is low. Comparisons between road and off-road cycling events indicate that off-road cyclists sustain more fractures, dislocations and concussions than their road-event counterparts. Future research should incorporate epidemiological methods of data collection to determine the relationships between vehicle design, terrain and safety equipment and riding-related accidents. Further, those engaged in such research should attempt to set a standard definition for injury.
58 citations
TL;DR: The extent to which women's jails meet the needs of inmates who want to further their education and training, maintain and deepen bonds with their children, and overcome their addictions to drugs and alcohol as well as their histories of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse is explored.
Abstract: Most women in jail serve time in facilities that also house men. However, there are 18 jails nationally that house women only, and this study is based on surveys and interviews administered at 5 of these jails. It explores the extent to which women's jails meet the needs of inmates who want to further their education and training, maintain and deepen bonds with their children, and overcome their addictions to drugs and alcohol as well as their histories of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. The findings suggest that, when it comes to meeting most of these needs, the programming in women's jails fails miserably.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified mise-a-la-masse method was used to track the evolution of a conductive tracer plume over a period of 155 h. Voltage differences between 171 stationary, surface electrodes and a reference electrode were monitored over time to map the evolving plume.
35 citations
33 citations
TL;DR: It is often asserted that sexual promiscuity and drug abuse appears to share a common etiology in poor parental attachment, and this study explores this claim empirically among 480 college students.
Abstract: It is often asserted that sexual promiscuity and drug abuse appears to share a common etiology in poor parental attachment. This study explores this claim empirically among 480 college students. Other variables—religiosity, masculinity/femininity, sex, age, and physical appearance—that may enhance or reduce the incidence of promiscuity and drug use were included in multivariate analyses. Parental attachment was significantly related to both variables, and the combination of poor parental attachment and drug use was a strong predictor of promiscuity for both males and females. In multivariate analyses, religiosity was the most important predictor of promiscuity for males, and attachment was the most important for females. The findings are examined guided by the three desiderata commonly accepted as relevant to biosocial attachment theory.
TL;DR: Bigelow et al. as mentioned in this paper found that during the last five years, the number of university skills texts increased from 1 to 10, with additional works published by the same authors.
Abstract: Author’s Note: Requests for reprints should be sent to John D. Bigelow, Management Department, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725. We have seen a surge of interest in incorporating managerial skill learning into university settings. The reasons for this are not hard to identify: repeated criticisms by employers of the inadequate skills of university graduates, revisions in American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) accreditation standards to increase responsiveness to constituents, and a downward trend in business college enrollments. One indication of the seriousness of these efforts is that during the last 5 years, we have seen the number of university skills texts increase from 1 to 10, with additional works
TL;DR: The results constitute the first evidence for a relationship between activity levels and the timing of natal dispersal in birds, and they suggest that natal disperseal in eastern screech-owls has an important internal component that is detectable in both captive and free-living individuals.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors apply Kingdon's "policy windows" model of agenda setting and Brams's dynamic game theory framework to the development of acid-rain legislation enacted by the USA in the Clean Air Act of 1990.
Abstract: Because of the transboundary nature of most environmental problems, environmental policy often lies at the intersection of domestic and international forces. Yet, because domestic and international issues are usually examined with different sets of theories and models, we tend to explain the policy process and outcome by emphasizing only one arena. Analysis of domestic policy is often dominated by process models, whereas scholars of international relations tend to apply rational models to explain state behavior. We apply Kingdon's ‘policy windows’ model of agenda setting and Brams's dynamic game theory framework to the development of acid-rain legislation enacted by the USA in the Clean Air Act of 1990. We compare the explanations of these theories with the work of other analysts, as well as with perceptions of policymakers by using data from interviews of policymaking elites in Canadian and US government, industry, and interest groups. It is demonstrated that process models and models of strategic intera...
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: The Antler orogenic belt divides the Permian of displaced terranes to the west from the permian continental margin miogeoelinal deposits to the east.
Abstract: The former Antler orogenic belt divides Permian of displaced terranes to the west from Permian continental margin miogeoelinal deposits to the east. We will refer to this important structural feature as the Antler belt. The structural setting of the Permian of the displaced terranes accreted to the North American continent is complex and a subject of much active research. The structural setting of the Permian rocks of the miogeocline is becoming well known and will be briefly elucidated here.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that several classes of sets, such as N0-sets, Arbault sets, N-sets and pseudo-Dirichlet sets, are closed under adding sets of small size.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose to use experts from the campus community to lend expertise and insights on many topics usually included in the business communication curriculum, such as home economics, research and development, and academic computing.
Abstract: Since "variety is the spice of life,"guest speakers can add an element of enthusiasm and interest in the business communication classroom. Individuals from departments as diverse as home economics, research and development, and academic computing can be approached as potential guest speakers for the undergraduate course. Experts from the campus community can be tapped to lend expertise and insights on many topics usually included in the business communication curriculum.
TL;DR: An co-model (a model in which all natural numbers are standard) of the predicative fragment of Quine's set theory "New Foundations" (NF) is constructed, and Marcel Crabb& has shown that a theory NFI extending predicative NF is consistent, and the model constructed is actually a model of NFI as well.
Abstract: An ω-model (a model in which all natural numbers are standard) of the predicative fragment of Quine's set theory “New Foundations” (NF) is constructed. Marcel Crabbe has shown that a theory NFI extending predicative NF is consistent, and the model constructed is actually a model of NFI as well. The construction follows the construction of ω-models of NFU (NF with urelements) by R. B. Jensen, and, like the construction of Jensen for NFU, it can be used to construct α-models for any ordinal α. The construction proceeds via a model of a type theory of a peculiar kind; we first discuss such “tangled type theories” in general, exhibiting a “tangled type theory” (and also an extension of Zermelo set theory with Δ0 comprehension) which is equiconsistent with NF (for which the consistency problem seems no easier than the corresponding problem for NF (still open)), and pointing out that “tangled type theory with urelements” has a quite natural interpretation, which seems to provide an explanation for the more natural behaviour of NFU relative to the other set theories of this kind, and can be seen anachronistically as underlying Jensen's consistency proof for NFU.
TL;DR: A propositional theory of organizational control, based on the work of Collins (1975, 1988), is modeled and simulated here and discovers a number of interesting and informative, but unexpected, outcomes.
Abstract: Computer simulation is a tool of multiple uses. One is the ability to dynamically model theories and discover unexpected interactions and outcomes. A propositional theory of organizational control, based on the work of Collins (1975, 1988), is modeled and simulated here. The verbal theory synthesizes other theories to explain how formal organizations attain and maintain compliance from members. The modeling and simulation of Collins' theory discovers a number of interesting and informative, but unexpected, outcomes. While the control processes of organizations do produce stable compliance, this compliance is punctuated by episodic periods of noncompliance that increase in frequency and duration over time, resulting ultimately in the breakdown of the control process.
TL;DR: In this article, highly excited Rydberg atoms nearby astrophysical gravitational wave sources are expected to emit significant electromagnetic radiation in the radio through a process of gravitationally induced resonance fluorescence.
Abstract: We show that highly excited Rydberg atoms nearby astrophysical gravitational wave sources are expected to emit significant electromagnetic radiation in the radio through a process of gravitationally induced resonance fluorescence. Semiclassical arguments are discussed and a quantum-mechanical expression for the differential cross section is obtained. This process could provide a new observational tool for the remote detection and study of gravitational waves.
TL;DR: Eighty-three programs were randomly selected from a population of 105 Adult Education programs listed in Peterson's Guides (1992) to complete a telephone survey questionnaire about program demographics and the nature of and emphasis on adult learning and development curricula.
Abstract: Eighty-three programs were randomly selected from a population of 105 Adult Education programs listed in Peterson's Guides (1992) to complete a telephone survey questionnaire about program demographics and the nature of and emphasis on adult learning and development curricula. Demographic data revealed an alarming number of adult education program eliminations and the increased use of adjunct faculty. Substantially all surveyed institutions listed one or more required or elective courses in the area of adult learning and development, even though some educators were unaware of the existence of the Standards for Graduate Programs in Adult Education (Commission of Professors of Adult Education, 1986).
TL;DR: This paper responds to Furedy's article where he raised an issue he referred to as the "Polygrapher's dilemma" and presents an accurate description of how the control question test is used and evaluated, and examines the results of empirical research that address Furey's concerns.
TL;DR: In this paper, a geophysical refraction survey was conducted to provide soil profile information under the bridge and the options for designing a suitable foundation (H-piles or spread footings).
Abstract: The planned renovation of an existing bridge north of Boise, Idaho presented a number of difficulties to engineering geologists. Conventional investigation of the site by geotechnical boreholes was hindered by the limited space available in the narrow canyon. At issue was the soil profile under the bridge and the options for designing a suitable foundation (H-piles or spread footings). Although geotechnical boreholes could have been drilled through the bridge deck itself, this would have significantly disrupted traffic and been too costly for the scale of the project. A geophysical refraction survey was conducted to provide soil profile information. The steep basaltic canyon walls limited the geophysical options. The problem was solved by combining a conventional refraction profile along the axis of the river with broadside acquisition under the bridge. The data were jointly inverted to produce a geologic cross section parallel to the bridge and roadway center-line. Since conventional blow count data would not be acquired, the geophysics provided the primary soil profile information on which the costs of the foundation alternatives could be compared. Nonuniqueness of the geophysical problem was addressed in a way that permitted evaluating the trade off between the boring costs (if any) for piles and the costs of a retaining wall for the spread footing option.
TL;DR: The problems solved in this paper apparently are not easily posed as either linear or dynamic programming problems.
Abstract: . In 1947 Fine [Fin] introduced and solved a problem of maximizing the distance a jeep can travel into the desert using n drums of fuel. Subsequently, Phipps [Phi], Alway [Alw], and Gale [Gal] gave other solutions to the original problem or considered related problems. As mentioned in [Fin], the original problem is similar to one which arose in air transport operations in the China theater during World War II, and it has been suggested that there may be applications to Arctic expeditions and interplanetary travel. Near the end of [Gal], the author states, "An apparently simple question is the round trip problem in which fuel is available at both ends of the desert, but I must confess . . . that I have not been able to find the solution. It is not hard to see that one can do at least as well in this case as in the case of two jeeps making one-way trips, but it may be possible to do better. The difficulty here as with many optimization problems is that there does not appear to be any simple way to determine whether or not a given solution is optimal." Gale's problem can be interpreted in two equivalent ways. (i) Given unlimited fuel at each end of a desert of given length, find a round trip across the desert which uses as little fuel as possible. (ii) Given a fixed amount of fuel which can be distributed between the two ends of a desert, find the maximum length desert which can be crossed in a round trip using the available fuel. We find it convenient to consider (ii) and give an optimal solution for it. We also describe a solution for the analogous round trip problem where the two allowed depots may be placed anywhere in the desert. In each of the above problems the jeep can carry exactly 1 drum. It is implicit that the jeep can store whatever fraction of a drum is desired at any point in the desert. (Perhaps the driver carries large plastic bags for fuel storage.) In [Dew], Dewdney proposed an interesting variation of the one-way problem. Although Dewdney's problem was given in terms of drums, gallons, and miles, it can be rephrased as follows: Find the maximum distance a jeep can travel into the desert using n drums of fuel where the jeep can carry 1 drum plus 1/5 of a drum in its tank, but only drums can be stored. That is the jeep can dump at most 5/6 of its fuel capacity in the desert. It is interesting to note that Dewdney's problem has been solved as a linear programming problem; an optimal algorithm for Dewdney's problem appears in [Jac]. But the problems solved in this paper apparently are not easily posed as either linear or dynamic programming problems. In [Gal], Gale also points out that "there is a feeling among many people that the original jeep problem can be solved by the functional equation method of dynamic programming. . . I know of no way of solving the problem by this method." 1. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SOLUTION TO GALE'S PROBLEM. In solving Gale's problem we will start by considering the longest desert which can be crossed in a round trip if there are m drums of fuel at the start S and k drums of
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define the "optimal" sex offender treatment program based on a review of the empirical literature and on the authors' clinical experience with sex offenders, and they suggest that various aspects of client-centered therapy, transactional analysis, rational emotive therapy, and reality therapy are particularly wellsuited to the counseling of sex offenders.
Abstract: This paper attempts to define the "optimal" sex offender treatment program based on a review of the empirical literature and on the authors' clinical experience with sex offenders. An important first step in any treatment program is the proper assessment of the condition to be treated. Assessment of sex offenders should include the use of the penile plethysmograph and the polygraph, as well as the more traditional methods of psychosocial assessment. These physiological tools are also useful as adjunct treatment tools. It is asserted that restitution therapy be the operating philosophy of any good treatment program, and that various aspects of client-centered therapy, transactional analysis, rational emotive therapy, and reality therapy are particularly well-suited to the counseling of sex offenders. These modalities should be augmented with antiandrogen medication to dampen the offender's libido so that he may concentrate on the rational process of psychotherapy free of distracting sexual urges and images...
TL;DR: For each infinite ordinal less than or equal to ω · 2, the authors gave a ZFC example of a topological space which has point-open type that ordinals.
TL;DR: Although more research needs to be conducted to better understand the relationship between verbal and visual rhetoric in technical communication, integrating document design principles early appears to be a promising pedagogical technique.
Abstract: In teaching a technical communication course, I introduced document design principles before discussing traditional verbal rhetoric. A comparison of the writing of two students—a competent writer and a weak one—before and after the design discussion indicates that a basic understanding of design principles helped them improve document macrostructure. They saw the need to involve the audience, to provide an introduction and a forecast, and to organize and highlight information using headings. The design discussion, however, appears to have had little effect on document microstructure. Although more research needs to be conducted to better understand the relationship between verbal and visual rhetoric in technical communication, integrating document design principles early appears to be a promising pedagogical technique.
TL;DR: This paper investigated the influence of mood on the processing of positive, negative, and neutral words in the Reicher task and found that mood's altering of the baseline activation levels of congruently valenced word nodes in the mental lexicon as well as mood's narrowing of the spatial focus of attention.
Abstract: Two experiments based upon the Reicher task were conducted to investigate the influence of happy, sad, and neutral moods on the processing of positive, negative, and neutral words. In Experiment 1 participants showed least advantage in determining which of two one-letter-different words, in comparison with nonword controls, had been presented for words that were valenced in congruence with the induced mood. In Experiment 2 mood acted as a prime that produced a detrimental effect of presenting nontarget mood-congruent preview words on participants' performance on the valenced targets. The authors contend that these effects are related to mood's altering of the baseline activation levels of congruently valenced word nodes in the mental lexicon as well as to mood's narrowing of the spatial focus of attention.
10 Apr 1995
TL;DR: A system of untyped λ-calculus with a restriction on function abstraction using relative typing analogous to the restriction on set comprehension found in Quine's set theory "New Foundations" is discussed in this article.
Abstract: A system of untyped λ-calculus with a restriction on function abstraction using relative typing analogous to the restriction on set comprehension found in Quine's set theory “New Foundations” is discussed. The author has shown elsewhere that this system is equiconsistent with Jensen's NFU (“New Foundations” with urelements)+Infinity, which is in turn equiconsistent with the simple theory of types with infinity. The definition of the system is given and the construction of a model is described. A semantic motivation for the stratification criterion for function abstraction is given, based on an abstract model of computation. The same line of semantic argument is used to motivate an analogy between the notion of “strongly Cantorian set” found in “New Foundations” and the notion of “data type”; an implementation of absolute types as domains of retractions with strongly Cantorian ranges is described. The implementation of these concepts in a theorem prover developed by the author is sketched.