Showing papers by "Boise State University published in 1996"

Toward an Integrative Model of Strategic International Human Resource Management

Abstract: This article builds on previous work in international human resource management by drawing on concepts from the resource-based view of the firm and resource dependence to develop a theoretical model of the determinants at strategic international human resource management (SIHRM) systems in multinational corporations. The article then offers propositions concerning the relationships between a number of key determinants and the multinational corporation's overall SIHRM approach, the design of a particular affiliate's HRM system, and the HRM system for critical groups of employees within the affiliate.

New developments in the use of measures of honesty integrity, conscientiousness, dependability trustworthiness, and reliability for personnel selection

Abstract: This paper is the fourth in a series of reviews of the use of measures of honesty, integrity, conscientiousness, dependability, trustworthiness, and reliability for personnel selection (see Sackett & Decker, 1979; Sackett & Harris, 1984; Sackett, Burris, & Callahan, 1989). New developments reviewed include an examination of professional and congressional inquiry into this area of testing, rapid growth of the validity data base, new insight into similarities and differences between different tests, and links to the Big Five personality dimensions. Inquiries into relationships with other constructs, including cognitive ability, moral reasoning, and social desirability are reviewed, as are applicant reactions to these tests. The effects of the Civil Rights Act of 1991 and the Americans with Disabilities Act are considered.

Interspecific hybridization in natural populations of Cyrtandra ( Gesneriaceae ) on the Hawaiian Islands: Evidence from RAPD markers

Abstract: Interspecific hybridization among Hawaiian species ofCyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) was investigated using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Thirty-three different primers were used to investigate interspecific hybridization for 17 different putative hybrids based on morphological intermediacy and sympatry with putative parental species. RAPD data provided evidence for the hybrid origin of all putative hybrid taxa examined in this analysis. However, the patterns in the hybrid taxa were not found to be completely additive of the patterns found in the parental species. Markers missing in the hybrid taxa can be attributed to polymorphism in the populations of the parental species and the dominant nature of inheritance for RAPD markers. Unique markers found within hybrid taxa require further explanation but do not necessarily indicate that the taxa are not of hybrid origin. The implications suggest that these interspecific hybridization events had, and continue to have, an effect on the adaptive radiation and conservation biology ofCyrtandra.

The Creative Identity: Creative Behavior from the Symbolic Interactionist Perspective.

Abstract: This paper outlines a framework for understanding the motivation of certain creative behaviors from the perspective of symbolic interactionism. The fundamental tenets of symbolic interactionism are described, followed by a discussion of the mechanics of symbolic interactionist-based role-identity theory, and how the theory can be applied to the motivation of creative behavior. The paper also addresses directions for practical application and future research in this area.

Changing Beliefs: Teaching and Learning Mathematics in Constructivist Preservice Classrooms

Abstract: Constructivism is a learning theory which has emerged from Piagetian research. Reform in mathematics education frequently centers around constructivist principles. Many barriers prevent reform from occurring. The authors describe changes in instruction which have been implemented in their university mathematics education classrooms and relate these changes to their own constructivist philosophies. They examine the effects of change in instructional pedagogy and classroom environment on preservice teachers' beliefs about mathematics learning and teaching as well as the prospective teachers' feelings and attitudes toward mathematics.

The Aggregate Impact of Firms' FDI Strategies on the Trade Balances of Host Countries

Abstract: In this paper, we suggest that the dominant motives for firms investing in Advanced Industrial Nations or Developing Countries (AINs or DCs) tend to be different. These dissimilar principal motives manifest themselves in aggregate impacts on national trade balances. Using market imperfections theory and borrowing from Root [1977], we suggest that firms generally tend to use FDI in AINs for market access and penetration, increasing host-country import levels. Firms tend to use FDI in DCs in order to gain resource advantages that can be exploited in export markets leading to increased exports and hence, trade surpluses. A contingency framework which outlines the conditions under which FDI inflows will be related to national trade surpluses and/or deficits, based on the dominant strategic motives of the investing firms, is presented and tested. Our findings suggest that the relationship between FDI inflow and trade balance is moderated by whether a country is an Advanced Industrial Nation or a Developing Country. In the Limitations and Future Research sections of the paper, readers are cautioned to view the findings as research opening rather than as definitive. Recommendations for future research are also discussed.

Complete migration cycle of golden eagles breeding in northern Quebec

Abstract: Radio tracking via satellite was initiated to study the year-round movements of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos canadensis) breeding on the east coast of Hudson Bay, Quebec. In June and August 1992, six Golden Eagles (five adults and one juvenile) were marked, three of which completed their year-round movements. The eagles left their breeding area in mid- to late October and migrated to known wintering areas in the eastern United States. They used different routes but each followed the same general path during fall and spring migrations, which lasted between 26 and 40 days, and 25 and 51 days, respectively. Eagles wintered from 93 to 135 days in areas located 1,650 to 3,000 km south of their breeding territory. In spring 1993, satellite telemetry located the eagles in their former breeding territory in late March, mid-April and early May. This study confirms previous suggestions that some breeding Golden Eagles wintering in eastern United States come from northern Quebec and describes the first successful tracking of the complete yearly migration cycle of a bird of prey.

Fragmented centralization and the organization of the police

Abstract: Drawing on literature on institutionalized organizations, this paper presents a set of propositions regarding municipal police in the United States. This paper looks at how fragmented authority and funding in the institutional environment of American police affects organizational structure and behavior. Fragmentation is associated with increases in organizational complexity and may contribute to loose coupling both among organizational units and between management and line personnel. Community policing is presented as a special case of fragmentation in institutional authority and funding.

Predicting Levels of Postdisaster Stress in Adults Following the 1993 Floods in the Upper Midwest

Abstract: Studies of mental health have indicated that the stress associated with living in hazardous areas is related, in part, to economic status, gender, kinship relationships, physical health, sociopsychological traits, community structure, and familiarity or experience with the hazard. This research modeled stress variability as manifested through expressed levels of anxiety, depression, and day-to-day function-ability in a flood-prone environment. A telephone questionnaire was used to collect data from adult flood victims in a medium-size midwestern town, 3 months after the floods of 1993, as part of a comprehensive survey of how stress fluctuates over time. Standard measures of anxiety, depression, and stress were incorporated into the survey instrument for comparison purposes. A large percentage (71%) of respondents displayed symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Traditional predictors were not significant, for stress symptoms appeared equally across gender, income, and age stratifications. The results showed ...

The competitive advantage potential of vertical integration

Abstract: There is a widely held belief that backward vertical integration provides firms with the potential for a low-cost competitive advantage, and forward vertical integration provides them with the potential for a differentiation advantage. This study builds theory that underpins that belief, and then tests the theory using a sample of large firms. While our findings do not support the relationship between backward vertical integration and low cost, they do provide strong support for arguments linking forward vertical integration with differentiation-based competitive advantage.

“Don't say Nothin' bad about my baby”: A re‐evaluation of women's roles in the Brill building era of early rock ‘n’ roll

Abstract: This feminist cultural analysis explores a period in American rock ‘n’ roll known as the Brill Building era. While previous researchers have characterized this era as inconsequential to women's history in rock music and as a time wherein regressive songs reinforced traditional views toward femininity, I argue that such a claim is untenable when other features of this music, besides its lyrics, are explored. The Brill Building era marked the massive entry of women into rock ‘n’ roll, providing anglo Americans with their first taste of a female youth culture focused on sexuality and their first exposure in popular rock ‘n’ roll to the voices and vernacular of young, African American women.

Genetic Detection of Putative Hybridization between Native and Introduced Rainbow Trout Populations of the Upper Snake River

Abstract: Native trout populations throughout western North America have declined because of habitat alteration, introgression with introduced trout, or competitive exclusion by nonnative species Consequently, identification and preservation of native trout are now the goals of many management programs We examined allozyme and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in seven naturally occurring populations and one hatchery population of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from southern Idaho and northern Nevada to determine their genetic origins Allozyme and mtDNA results were concordant in identifying three populations as genetically pure interior rainbow trout and one population as a hybrid swarm Results for the remaining four populations were discordant However, these latter four populations were best classified as hybrid swarms due to the nature of either the allozyme or mtDNA data, which included genetic characteristics of both coastal and interior rainbow trout Our study demonstrates the utility of m

Criterion Development and Validity of the CQT in Field Application

Abstract: A field study of the control question test (CQT) for the detection of deception was conducted. Data from the files of 41 criminal cases were examined for confirming information and were rated by two evaluators on the strength of the confirming information. Those ratings were found to be highly reliable, r = .94. Thirty-two of the cases were found to have some independent confirmation. Numerical scores and decisions from the original examiners and an independent evaluation were analyzed. The results indicated that the CQT was a highly valid discriminator. Excluding inconclusives, the decisions of the original examiners were correct 96% of the time, and the independent evaluations were 93% correct. These results suggest that criteria other than confession can be developed and used reliably. In addition, the validity of the CQT in real-world settings was supported.

An examination of the relationship between conformance and quality‐related costs

Abstract: Reports the results of a case study which undertook to examine the relationship between conformance and quality‐related costs. The controversial Lundvall‐Juran economic quality level (EQL) model has been criticized by various authors due to its acceptance of imperfect quality. While persuasive, this emotional aversion to imperfection does not provide a convincing critique of the EQL model. However, the EQL remains widely used in practice. Argues that several assumptions of the EQL model should be questioned including monotonicity, continuity, the positive relationship between prevention/appraisal costs and conformance, the negative relationship between failure costs and conformance, and the combining of costs. Further, the EQL model illustrates a single contingent relationship between quality costs and conformance. Provides several alternative cases of the relationship between quality costs and conformance. The results are then reported and the underlying relationships of the EQL model tested. The results showed that prevention and appraisal costs were positively and significantly associated with conformance. Failure costs were also positively and significantly related to conformance. These results provided support for a contingency view of quality‐related costs.

Diversity Within Spatial Cognition: Memory Processes Underlying Place Recognition

Abstract: We conducted three experiments to explore distinct memory processes involved in remembering places in spatial environments The results of all three experiments demonstrated the viability of the process-dissociation procedure for studying spatial cognition ; that procedure yielded separate measures of the role of familiarity (implicit memory) and conscious recollection (explicit memory) in recognizing scenes along a previously viewed route of travel Those measures were not affected by whether the participants viewed videotapes or also physically walked the route of travel Increasing the delay between encoding and retrieval led to comparable effects for familiarity and conscious recollection (Experiment 1) In contrast, the adverse consequences of dividing attention during encoding were specific to conscious recollection ; familiarity estimates were unaffected (Experiments 2 and 3) Overall, the results reinforced the viability of process dissociation as a vehicle for exploring diverse memory processes underlying place recognition

Stress and performance: An application of Gray's three‐factor arousal theory to basketball free‐throw shooting

Abstract: The suitability of Gray's (1975) three-factor arousal theory as a model of human performance under stress was investigated in a study of basketball free-throw shooting. Free-throw attempts, made by members of an NCAA Division I men's varsity team, were videotaped during one full season. On the basis of Gray's theory, we predicted that increased stress (assumed to be present in games as opposed to practices) would be associated with longer pre-shot preparations and a greater incidence of overthrow shots. The prediction was confirmed by the results. Moreover, we found that free-throws were more frequently overthrown when attempted during crucial rather than non-crucial game situations. Further tests of the utility of Gray's theory are suggested.

Family-Centered Assistive Technology Assessment

Abstract: Outlines a family-centered, culturally sensitive approach to working with young children with disabilities and their families

Psychology Seminar: Careers and Graduate Study in Psychology

Abstract: This article describes a course for junior and senior psychology majors, informing them about career options and graduate school opportunities in psychology. We also discuss details about course planning and organization. Survey results indicate that students experienced substantial changes in the degree they planned to pursue and in their financial planning for graduate school.

Mis-representation of Identities in E-cash Schemes and how to Prevent it

Abstract: In Crypto '93, S. Brands presented a very efficient off-line electronic cash scheme based on the representation problem in groups of prime order. In Crypto '95 a very efficient off-line divisible e-cash scheme based on factoring Williams integers was presented by T. Okamoto. We demonstrate one efficient attack on Okamoto's scheme and two on Brands' scheme which allow users to mis-represent their identities and double-spend in an undetectable manner, hence defeating the most essential security aspect of the schemes. The attack on Brands' scheme (which we suspect, given his previous related results, was an inadvertent omission) is also applicable to T. Eng and T. Okamoto's divisible e-cash scheme (presented in Eurocrypt '94) which uses Brands' protocols as a building block.

Nesting habits of the loggerhead shrike in sagebrush

Abstract: The Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) is a widely distributed member of Idaho's sagebrush (Artemesia tridentata) rangeland avifauna. During 1991-1993, we studied the breeding ecology and nesting locations of the species in this semi-arid habitat. Most loggerhead nests (65%) were constructed in sagebrush, although bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata) and greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) were also used frequently. Height of nest shrubs averaged 162 cm (range : 89-297 cm), and the mean height of nests was 79 cm (range : 33-160 cm). Nest variables we measured did not differentiate successful from unsuccessful nests. Significant differences, however, distinguished the three primary nest shrubs : sagebrush shrubs used for nesting tended to be smaller than bitterbrush or greasewood shrubs. Nonetheless, nest height was nearly identical regardless of shrub species, and nest success was independent of nest shrub. The low nesting heights for the loggerhead in this sagebrush-scrub habitat represent a notable departure from nesting heights in many parts of the species range, although they may be typical for the species where it occurs in the southwest. The preservation of Idaho's sagebrush rangelands will be important to the long-term survival of this species in the state.

Demosthenes and democracies: Regime‐types and arbitration outcomes

Abstract: Recent empirical research has found that democracies almost never wage war against each other. One explanation for this finding is that when given the same opportunities, joint‐democracy dyads are more willing than other types of dyads to entrust third parties with judicial competence to settle their disputes with binding arbitration. But while joint‐democracy dyads show a greater propensity than other pairs of states to use international arbitration, little research has been done on the success of these efforts. In order to determine whether there are any differences in the outcomes of arbitrations among different types of dyads, 221 cases of international arbitration were analyzed. No support was found for the hypothesis that joint‐democracy dyads experience significantly greater success using arbitration than other types of dyads. Joint democracy is an important predictor of whether states will choose a binding method of third‐party conflict resolution, but it does not predict whether a salient outcome...

Attention and nontarget effects in the location-cuing paradigm.

Abstract: Three experiments were conducted in order to determine whether irrelevant items presented outside the focus of attention would affect the identification of a precued target. A peripheral cue indicated one of eight possible locations in a circular array, centered on fixation with a radius of 5.25°. After a variable interval (0–200 msec), eight characters were presented briefly and masked. In each experiment, there was an effect of the identity of the characters at the seven noncued locations (the nontargets) on the accuracy of identification of the target. When there were more nontargets identical to the target, accuracy was higher than when there were fewer nontargets identical to the target. Nontargets consistently affected performance despite incentives to focus only on the target.