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Showing papers by "Boise State University published in 2000"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare two intention-based models in terms of their ability to predict entrepreneurial intentions: Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (TPB) and Shapero's model of the entrepreneurial event (SEE).

4,632 citations


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an intention-based model of the cognitive infrastructure that supports or inhibits how we perceive opportunities is proposed to understand what promotes or inhibits entrepreneurial activity, and how we construct perceived opportunities.
Abstract: Before we can act on opportunities we must first identify those opportunities. Understanding what promotes or inhibits entrepreneurial activity thus requires understanding how we construct perceived opportunities. Seeing a prospective course of action as a credible opportunity reflects an intentions–driven process driven by known critical antecedents. Based on well–developed theory and robust empirical evidence, we propose an intentions-based model of the cognitive infrastructure that supports or inhibits how we perceive opportunities. We discuss how this model both integrates past findings and guides future research. We also show the practical diagnostic power this model offers to managers.

766 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors replicating Hennart's transaction cost model of entry mode choice in two different national contexts: Japanese firms investing in the US and the US firms in Japan, and found that the transaction cost explanation for the ownership choice holds in the both national contexts.
Abstract: Transaction cost theory posits that culture plays a limited role in the choice between JV and WOS In contrast, research suggests that firms’ preferred level of ownership in their foreign subsidiaries is influenced primarily by cultural traits This study provides additional evidence in this ongoing debate by replicating Hennart's transaction cost model of entry mode choice in two different national contexts: Japanese firms investing in the US and the US firms investing in Japan The results suggest that the transaction cost explanation for the ownership choice holds in the both national contexts Yet, the propensity to choose JV or WOS significantly varied between Japanese and the US firms

326 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
21 Feb 2000-Oncogene
TL;DR: C3(1)/Tag mice appear useful for testing particular therapies since growth of the mammary tumors can be reduced using chemopreventive agents, cytokines, and an anti-angiogenesis agent.
Abstract: The 5' flanking region of the C3(1) component of the rat prostate steroid binding protein (PSBP) has been used to successfully target the expression of the SV40 large T-antigen (Tag) to the epithelium of both the mammary and prostate glands resulting in models of mammary and prostate cancers which histologically resemble the human diseases. Atypia of the mammary ductal epithelium develops at about 8 weeks of age, progressing to mammary intraepithelial neoplasia (resembling human ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS]) at about 12 weeks of age with the development of invasive carcinomas at about 16 weeks of age in 100% of female mice. The carcinomas share features to what has been classified in human breast cancer as infiltrating ductal carcinomas. All FVB/N female mice carrying the transgene develop mammary cancer with about a 15% incidence of lung metastases. Approximately 10% of older male mice develop anaplastic mammary carcinomas. Unlike many other transgenic models in which hormones and pregnancy are used to induce a mammary phenotype, C3(1)/Tag mice develop mammary tumors in the mammary epithelium of virgin animals without hormone supplementation or pregnancy. Although mammary tumor development appears hormone-responsive at early stages, invasive carcinomas are hormone-independent, which corresponds to the loss of estrogen receptor-alpha expression during tumor progression. Molecular and biologic factors related to mammary tumor progression can be studied in this model since lesions evolve over a predictable time course. Genomic alterations have been identified during tumor progression, including an amplification of the distal portion of chromosome 6 containing ki-ras and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in other chromosomal regions. We have demonstrated that stage specific alterations in the expression of genes which are critical regulators of the cell cycle and apoptosis are functionally important in vivo. C3(1)/Tag mice appear useful for testing particular therapies since growth of the mammary tumors can be reduced using chemopreventive agents, cytokines, and an anti-angiogenesis agent.

245 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The human body is problematic because it serves as a perpetual reminder of the inevitability of death as discussed by the authors, and the psychological impetus for distancing from other animals and the need to regulate behaviors that remind us of our physical nature.
Abstract: From the perspective of terror management theory, the human body is problematic because it serves as a perpetual reminder of the inevitability of death. Human beings confront this problem through the development of cultural worldviews that imbue reality-and the body as part of that reality-with abstract symbolic meaning. This fanciful flight from death is in turn the psychological impetus for distancing from other animals and the need to regulate behaviors that remind us of our physical nature. This analysis is applied to questions concerning why people are embarrassed and disgusted by their bodies' functions; why sex is such a common source of problems, difficulties, regulations, and ritualizations; why sex tends to be associated with romantic love; and why cultures value physical attractiveness and objectify women. This article then briefly considers implications of this analysis for understanding psychological problems related to the physical body and cultural variations in the need to separate oneself...

232 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Ed Petkus1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a framework for the design and implementation of service-learning courses in marketing, and describe an experiential learning framework to be used as a guide for planning, designing, implementing, and evaluating a service learning course.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to provide a framework for the design and implementation of service-learning courses in marketing. First, this article describes an experiential learning framework to be used as a guide for planning, designing, implementing, and evaluating a service-learning course. Second, this article specifies in detail service-learning implementation strategies for particular marketing courses. Third, this article describes actual methodology and outcomes of a service-learning case history for a consumer behavior course.

189 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore potential distinctions of service businesses as they may influence management motivation for taking environmentally friendly actions, and observe some commonality of environmental motivations between service and manufacturing industries, as well as some environmental themes unique to services.
Abstract: The impact of business operations on the natural environment has been a public concern for decades and a research concern for years. To date, the focus of environmental impact research has been almost exclusively on manufacturing industries. Environmental research specific to service industries have been neglected, despite the fact that economies of developed nations are mostly made up of service businesses. This paper explores potential distinctions of service businesses as they may influence management motivation for taking environmentally friendly actions. Through a number of case studies, we observe some commonality of environmental motivations between service and manufacturing industries, as well as some environmental themes unique to services. These themes pertain to customer awareness of environmental initiatives of service firms by virtue of their involvement in the production process. Interestingly, customer involvement can have an adverse affect on environmental initiatives.

170 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The hollow state is an organizational model suggested by Milward, Provan, and Else to describe a system of third party governance as discussed by the authors, an approach to policy implementation that relies upon private or nonprofit organizations to deliver certain public goods.
Abstract: Introduction Observers have long discussed the concept of public goods being provided through nonpublic actors and nonprofit organizations. Hall (1994) provided an extensive overview of the historical development of the nonprofit sector and the interdependence of government and nonprofit organizations. That interdependence has been noted by others (Salamon 1987; Smith and Lipsky 1993). Brudney (1987) observed that "nonprofits actually deliver a larger share of the health and human services financed by government than do public agencies themselves" (6). Wolch argued that the collection of nonprofit organizations charged with delivery of public goods constitutes a shadow state, an implementation network that "is administered outside traditional democratic politics ... charged with major collective responsibilities previously shouldered by the public sector ... in the purview of state control" (1990, 4). The provision of many social services occurs within a framework that has been termed the "hollow state," an approach to policy implementation that relies upon private or nonprofit organizations to deliver certain public goods (Milward, Provan, and Else 1993). As such, the "hollow state" is an organizational model suggested by Milward, Provan, and Else to describe a system of third party governance (1993, 310-19). Discussions of the hollow state refer to the contemporary context of a decline in federal funding and direct service provision, a focus upon privatization, and a perception that policies can be more efficiently delivered and effectively tailored in a community context (Milward 1994, 1996; Smith and Lipsky 1993; Kettl 1988). The "hollowness" of this system is dependent upon the degree to which services are implemented by nongovernmental organizations(1) and measured along a variety of dimensions including the control retained by one or more public agencies, the degree of delegation to nonpublic actors, the effectiveness of coordination, and mechanisms to evaluate the delegated service delivery. When nonprofit organizations receive contracts or grants to deliver public goods or services, the delegating agency assumes a sufficient level of capacity to implement the project or deliver the service. However, if the nonprofit community-based organizations are too limited in capacity to carry out their grants or contracts, then a disconnect occurs in the hollow state. This disconnect may manifest itself either in the disparity of capacity between the public and nonprofit sectors, or in the lack of capacity in community-based nonprofit organizations. The State of the Hollow State The ongoing debate over the utilization of alternative methods for delivering public goods often centers on the economic and political advantages of community-based delivery and the potential for innovation (Savas 1982, 1987; Donahue 1989; London 1996). Researchers focusing on nonprofit organizations charged with implementation, such as community-based development organizations (CBDOs), have considered the effects of political, legal, and fiscal environments as well as the level of fiscal support or incentives provided to nonprofits by the public sector (Bratt 1989; Lipsky and Smith 1989-90; Vidal 1992; Salamon 1981; Scrivner 1990; Leland 1996; Goetz 1992). However, questions regarding accountability (Gilmour and Jensen 1998; National Center for Nonprofit Boards 1996) and undue influence by public and private sector entities over the operations and philosophy of nonprofit organizations have been raised (Salamon 1981, 1995; Lipsky and Smith 1989-90; Smith and Lipsky 1993). Issues related to nonprofit management and governance have also received scholarly attention (Brudney 1990; Kearns 1994, 1996; Bardach and Lesser 1996). Specific nonprofit organizational elements such as leadership (Houle 1997; Henton, Melville, and Walesh 1997; Heimovics, Herman, and Jurkiewicz Coughlin 1993) and service delivery and organizational performance (Knauft, Berger, and Gray 1991; Lipsky and Smith 1989-90) have been examined. …

156 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present research found consistent support for the relation between mother-teen communications and drinking beliefs relevant to binge-drinking consequences in 266 incoming freshman college students.
Abstract: The present research contrasted theoretical models depicting the nature of the relation among drinking beliefs, drinking tendencies, and behavioral consequences in 266 incoming freshman college students. It also examined the theoretical relations between mother-teen communications and drinking beliefs relevant to behavioral consequences. The findings revealed direct relations between binge-drinking consequences and the drinking beliefs: Alcohol can make positive transformations, can enhance social behavior, and can increase negative affect and normative approval. Direct relations were not observed between consequences and the drinking beliefs regarding physical risk and health orientation. Finally, the present research found consistent support for the relation between mother-teen communications and drinking beliefs relevant to binge-drinking consequences.

147 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper explored grade level, birth order, and gender differences among 391 students in three gifted and talented programs and found that females expressed more concern than males about organization, while males reported stronger parental expectations.
Abstract: Perfectionism has been cited as a major characteristic associated with children and adolescents who have been identified as gifted and talented. This study explored grade level, birth order, and gender differences among 391 students in three gifted and talented programs. The students completed an adaptation of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. A2 × 3 × 3 between subject multivariate analysis revealed that females expressed more concern than males about organization, while males reported stronger parental expectations. First born adolescents reported higher parental criticism and expectations than youngest children. Females' concerns about making mistakes increases from grade 6 to grade 8 while the pattern for males fluctuated insignificantly. Patterns of parental criticism varied between males and females from grade 6 through grade 8.

86 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of maltreatment on serious violent and property delinquency as well as on minor misbehavior offenses among a sample of White male delinquents was explored and it was found that maltreatment was found to account for significant independent variance.
Abstract: This study explores the influence of maltreatment on serious violent and property delinquency as well as on minor misbehavior offenses among a sample of White male delinquents. A recent influential study concluded that this relationship has been exaggerated and found it to be nonexistent for serious offending after the effects of family structure were factored in. This article points out some of the deficiencies in that research and demonstrates that when both delinquency and maltreatment are measured comprehensively, the relationship is robust controlling for type of family structure, verbal IQ, family size, and birth order. Although it was found that the variables impact differentially according to the type of delinquency being examined, in every case, maltreatment was found to account for significant independent variance. It was also found that delinquents from homes broken by desertion were the most maltreated and the most delinquent.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of the variability of important runoff-related processes from the headwater foothills to the low gradient, wetland dominated coastal area is presented, where runoff is normally only generated from the coastal plain during snowmelt.
Abstract: The hydrology of a nest of three watersheds has been studied since 1992 on the North Slope of Alaska, with some additional data collected at individual sites previously. Hydrologic studies of nested watersheds are rare in the circumpolar arctic. Presented here is a comparison of the variability of important runoff-related processes from the headwater foothills to the low gradient, wetland dominated coastal area. Watersheds studied include Imnavait Creek, Upper Kuparuk River and finally the entire Kuparuk River. Also, runoff data from the low gradient Putuligayuk River, measured earlier (1970-1986), is included. Generally, rainfall constitutes 53 to 67 % of the annual precipitation. Most runoff is generated from the foothills; runoff is normally only generated from the coastal plain during snowmelt. Surface storage is an important process on the coastal plain where vertical processes (precipitation and evapotranspiration) are dominant during the summer. Continuous permafrost produces high soil moisture levels except where there are relatively steep slopes with gravity-induced drainage. Snowmelt results in a nearly saturated active layer with summer moisture levels closely allied with summer precipitation. High runoff ratios prevail during snowmelt and rainfall, except for the summer rainfall-generated runoff of the low gradient Putuligayuk River.

Journal ArticleDOI
Abstract: We have imaged the temporal and spatial response of an unconfined aquifer during a pumping test using ground penetrating radar (GPR) profiling. In particular, we have observed the transient behavior of the reflection generated by the water content variation occurring in the transition zone between the overlying residually saturated material and the water saturated capillary fringe below. The progressive arrival time delay of this reflection was measured and used to infer its drawdown that occurred during the pumping test. We also observed several other phenomena on the GPR profiles that are related to drainage: (1) the development of a series of diffractions indicating localized irregularities in water saturation and (2) the velocity pull-up of stratigraphic reflections due to increased electromagnetic (EM) wave velocity in the overlying section. Comparing the GPR profiling data and piezometer measurements, we have observed that the drawdown of the transition zone reflection is smaller and delayed relative to the measured hydraulic head drawdown. From the combined GPR and piezometer data, we have inferred that a 0.20 m increase in the combined thickness of the transition zone and capillary fringe occurred before the drawdown of the GPR transition zone reflection commenced. Once achieved, this 0.20 m increased thickness remained for the duration of the pumping test. Using the distance-drawdown relationship obtained from GPR profiling, we have estimated the drained water volume due to the downward movement of the transition zone. The results of our analysis account for only a fraction of the pumping well production, approximately 45% on the first day and about 25% on the second day. Of the various reasons examined to explain this result, we have concluded that it is likely that the behavior of the GPR reflection originating from the transition zone is representative of the shallower, less saturated portion of the transition zone and undetected drainage is occurring in the deeper, more saturated portion of the transition zone.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that Daun impairs myocardial contractility in vitro by selectively interfering with SR function; the quinone moiety of Daun appears to mediate this cardiotoxic effect, acting through a mechanism that does not involve free radicals.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The evolution of dispersal has become an integrative topic of paramount importance in evolutionary and behavioral ecology, as demonstrated by a recent conference*.
Abstract: Habitat destruction and global climate change are two major threats to the persistence of ecosystems The probability that a species survives such changes depends on its ability to track environmental shifts, either by moving between patches of habitat or by rapidly adapting to local conditions This explains why the evolution of dispersal has become an integrative topic of paramount importance in evolutionary and behavioral ecology, as demonstrated by a recent conference* A wide panel of researchers, who highlighted the recent major advances and the most promising lines of future research, were present at this meeting

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It appears that different types of college students drink for different reasons, suggesting a "one size fits all" intervention is less likely to be effective.
Abstract: Objective: The present research contrasted theoretical models of college student drinking tendencies (normative, social control, maturing out). Method: Three groups of students (N = 364; 62. 1% female) from a moderately sized northwestern university were examined: traditional freshmen, nontraditional freshmen and upperclassmen. Participants completed measures assessing drinking tendencies, drinking consequences and drinking beliefs. Results: Support for a given theoretical model was dependent upon which outcome variables were being examined (e.g., drinking tendencies vs drinking consequences). Nontraditional freshmen were similar to their traditional freshmen counterparts in the amount of alcohol they consumed but were more like upperclassmen in the experience of consequences of drinking alcohol. Examination of drinking beliefs yielded inconsistent model support. Conclusions: It appears that different types of college students drink for different reasons, suggesting a "one size fits all" intervention is l...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the thermophoresis of homopolymer chains dissolved in a pure nonelectrolyte solvent is theoretically examined using a similar approach to that used for suspended particles.
Abstract: The thermophoresis of homopolymer chains dissolved in a pure nonelectrolyte solvent is theoretically examined. Using a similar approach to that used for suspended particles, thermophoresis is relat...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the challenges to effectively incorporate inpatriate managers into the domestic organization are examined. And the necessary social support in work and non-work contexts is discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: 2% bentonite contained in trout diets contaminated with 20 μg/kg AFB1 significantly reduces the amount of AFB1 absorbed from the digestive system following ingestion of contaminated diets, demonstrating that 2% dietary bentonite supplementation blocked intestinal absorption of dietary aflatoxin.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the suitability of common-offered ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to detect free-phase hydrocarbons in bedrock fractures was evaluated using numerical modeling and physical experiments.
Abstract: The suitability of common-offset ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to detect free-phase hydrocarbons in bedrock fractures was evaluated using numerical modeling and physical experiments. The results of one- and two-dimensional numerical modeling at 100 megahertz indicate that GPR reflection amplitudes are relatively insensitive to fracture apertures ranging from 1 to 4 mm. The numerical modeling and physical experiments indicate that differences in the fluids that fill fractures significantly affect the amplitude and the polarity of electromagnetic waves reflected by subhorizontal fractures. Air-filled and hydrocarbon-filled fractures generate low-amplitude reflections that are in-phase with the transmitted pulse. Water-filled fractures create reflections with greater amplitude and opposite polarity than those reflections created by air-filled or hydrocarbon-filled fractures. The results from the numerical modeling and physical experiments demonstrate it is possible to distinguish water-filled fracture reflections from air- or hydrocarbon-filled fracture reflections, nevertheless subsurface heterogeneity, antenna coupling changes, and other sources of noise will likely make it difficult to observe these changes in GPR field data. This indicates that the routine application of common-offset GPR reflection methods for detection of hydrocarbon-filled fractures will be problematic. Ideal cases will require appropriately processed, high-quality GPR data, ground-truth information, and detailed knowledge of subsurface physical properties. Conversely, the sensitivity of GPR methods to changes in subsurface physical properties as demonstrated by the numerical and experimental results suggests the potential of using GPR methods as a monitoring tool. GPR methods may be suited for monitoring pumping and tracer tests, changes in site hydrologic conditions, and remediation activities.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A role instrument was developed and administered to staff at a medium-security prison to measure the extent to which today's officers identify with the old hack or the newer human service conception of their work as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Correctional scholars once portrayed correctional offenders as hacks, little interested in the welfare of the inmates they supervised. Later researchers related how this conception of the officer as hack failed to take into account and explain the human service functions in which many officers are engaged. A role instrument was developed and administered to staff at a medium-security prison to measure the extent to which today’s officers identify with the old hack or the newer human service conception of their work. Analysis of the data indicates that the instrument appears useful in measuring correctional role orientation, as the alpha is .84. In addition, examination of responses to individual items indicates that selected sociodemographic characteristics are related to perceptions of the correctional role.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data suggest anthracyclines and their metabolites may produce cardiotoxicity through free-radical independent, concentration-dependent effects on SR Ca(2+) release.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, high-resolution aeromagnetic data from the northern Willamette Valley, Oregon, reveal large, northwest-striking faults buried beneath Quaternary basin sediments.
Abstract: High-resolution aeromagnetic data from the northern Willamette Valley, Oregon, reveal large, northwest-striking faults buried beneath Quaternary basin sediments. Several faults known from geologic mapping are well defined by the data and appear to extend far beyond their mapped surface traces. The Mount Angel fault, the likely source of the Richter magnitude (M L ) 5.6 earthquake in 1993, is at least 55 km long and may be connected in the subsurface with the Gales Creek fault 25 km farther northwest. Northeast of the Mount Angel fault, a 60-km-long, northwest-striking anomaly may represent a previously unrecognized dextral-slip fault beneath the towns of Canby and Molalla. Vertical offsets along the Mount Angel fault increase with depth, indicating a long history of movement for the fault. Dominantly northwest-trending, relatively straight faults, consistent stepover geometries, offset magnetic anomalies, and earthquake focal mechanisms suggest that these faults collectively accommodate significant dextral slip. The 1993 earthquake may have occurred on a left-stepping restraining bend along the Mount Angel–Gales Creek fault zone.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Behavior genetics and other biosocial perspectives have the potential to help illuminate Agnew's (1997) extension of General Strain Theory (GST) into the developmental realm.
Abstract: This chapter explores how behavior genetics can complement and expand traditional social science understanding of criminal behavior in the context of anomie/strain theory, a respected and long-lived criminological theory that focuses on cultural and structural causes of crime. It suggests that it is time for mainstream criminology to at least pull back its blinders and peek at what behavior genetics has to offer. The chapter shows how behavior genetics can complement, extend, and add coherence to criminological theory, using one of its most revered and long-lived theories as an illustration. Behavior genetics, a branch of quantitative genetics, is not so much a "biological" discipline as it is a biologically-friendly environmental discipline. In addition to apportioning variance into genetic and environmental components, the methods of behavior genetics yield a further benefit to social science in that they allow researchers to break down environmental variance into shared and nonshared components. Behavior geneticists differentiate between passive, reactive, and active gene/environment correlation.

Journal ArticleDOI
Abstract: This study examines the regressivity of three lottery games in the state of Texas using data from 195 of the state’s 254 counties. The income distribution effects are examined using Suits indices a...

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, detrital zircon data from various allochthonous assemblages of Paleozoic and early Mesozoic age in western Nevada and northern California yield new constraints on the sediment dispersal patterns and tectonic evolution of western North America.
Abstract: U-Pb analyses of detrital zircons from various allochthonous assemblages of Paleozoic and early Mesozoic age in western Nevada and northern California yield new constraints on the sediment dispersal patterns and tectonic evolution of western North America. During early Paleozoic time, a large submarine fan system formed in slope, rise, basinal, and perhaps trench settings near the continental margin, west of continental shelf deposits of the Cordilleran miogeocline. Our detrital zircon data suggest that most of the detritus in this fan system along the western U.S. segment of the margin was derived from the Peace River Arch region of northwestern Canada, and some detritus was shed from basement rocks of the southwestern United States or western Mexico. In most cases, the detritus in the allochthonous assemblages was recycled through platformal and/or miogeoclinal sedimentary units prior to accumulating in offshelf environments. Lower Paleozoic rocks of the Roberts Mountains allochthon, Shoo Fly Complex, and Yreka terrane are interpreted to have been parts of this fan complex that accumulated along the central U.S. segment of the continental margin, probably within 1000 km of the miogeocline. During the mid-Paleozoic Antler orogeny, parts of the lower Paleozoic fan complex were deformed and uplifted, and strata of the Roberts Mountains allochthon were tectonically emplaced onto the continental margin. This orogeny was apparently driven at least in part by convergence of the Sierra-Klamath arc with the continental margin, as has been proposed by many previous workers, because these arc terranes are overlain by Mississippian clastic strata derived from the Roberts Mountains allochthon. Our data are not sufficient, however, to determine the polarity of the arc, or whether the arc formed along the continental margin or was exotic to western North America. Detrital zircon data indicate that following the Antler orogeny, clastic sediments derived from the Roberts Mountains allochthon were deposited both on the continental margin to the east and within intra-arc and backarc basins to the west. The occurrence of this detritus in terranes of western Nevada and northern California indicates that they were proximal to each other and to the continental margin during late Paleozoic time. The presence of upper Paleozoic volcanic and plutonic rocks and arc-derived detrital zircons in strata of the northern Sierra, eastern Klamath, and Black Rock terranes records the existence of a west-facing magmatic arc near the continental margin during late Paleozoic time. Our data are not supportive of scenarios in which these arc terranes were located farther north or thousands of kilometers offshore of the Nevada continental margin during late Paleozoic time. Following a second phase of uplift, erosion, and allochthon emplacement during the Permian-Early Triassic Sonoma orogeny, Middle and Upper Triassic strata now preserved in west-central Nevada accumulated in a backarc basin. Our data indicate that the basinal assemblages contain detritus from arc terranes to the west as well as the craton to the east.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Generic relationships within Episcieae were assessed using ITS and ndhF sequences and a closer affinity between Neomortonia nummularia and N. rosea than has been seen is apparent, although these two species are not monophyletic in any tree.
Abstract: Generic relationships within Episcieae were assessed using ITS and ndhF sequences. Previous analyses of this tribe have focussed only on ndhF data and have excluded two genera, Rhoogeton and Oerstedina, which are included in this analysis. Data were analyzed using both parsimony and maximum-likelihood methods. Results from partition homogeneity tests imply that the two data sets are significantly incongruent, but when Rhoogeton is removed from the analysis, the data sets are not significantly different. The combined data sets reveal greater strength of relationships within the tribe with the exception of the position of Rhoogeton. Poorly or unresolved relationships based exclusively on ndhF data are more fully resolved with ITS data. These resolved clades include the monophyly of the genera Columnea and Paradrymonia and the sister-group relationship of Nematanthus and Codonanthe. A closer affinity between Neomortonia nummularia and N. rosea than has previously been seen is apparent from these data, although these two species are not monophyletic in any tree. Lastly, Capanea appears to be a member of Gloxinieae, although C. grandifiora remains within Episcieae. Evolution of fruit type, epiphytic habit, and presence of tubers is re-examined with the new data presented here.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors extend some results of Daniels et al. by connecting the relevant selection hypotheses with game theory (Theorems 2, 3, 14 and 15) and Ramsey theory.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed sedimentary records from five Leg 167 drill sites and three piston cores for C org and CaCO 3 and found that these CaCO3 events occur in marine isotope stages (MIS) 2, 3, and 4 during Dansgaard/Oeschger interstadials, and they occur most strongly during MIS 5/4 glaciation and MIS 2/1 deglaciation.
Abstract: Sediments from five Leg 167 drill sites and three piston cores were analyzed for C org and CaCO 3 . Oxygen isotope stratigraphy on benthic foraminifers was used to assign age models to these sedimentary records. We find that the northern and central California margin is characterized by k.y.-scale events that can be found in both the CaCO 3 and C org time series. We show that the CaCO 3 events are caused by changes in CaCO 3 production by plankton, not by dissolution. We also show that these CaCO 3 events occur in marine isotope Stages (MIS) 2, 3, and 4 during Dansgaard/Oeschger interstadials. They occur most strongly, however, on the MIS 5/4 glaciation and MIS 2/1 deglaciation. We believe that the link between the northeastern Pacific Ocean and North Atlantic is primarily transmitted by the atmosphere, not the ocean. Highest CaCO 3 production and burial occurs when the surface ocean is somewhat cooler than the modern ocean, and the surface mixed layer is somewhat more stable.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A survey of recently released Texas inmates revealed that race and age have a major impact on inmate perceptions of staff as mentioned in this paper. But, the study focused on the relationship between age and race/ethnicity and perceptions of one aspect of the institutional experience, inmate-staff relations.