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Institution

Boise State University

EducationBoise, Idaho, United States
About: Boise State University is a education organization based out in Boise, Idaho, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 3698 authors who have published 8664 publications receiving 210163 citations. The organization is also known as: BSU & Boise State.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Highly oxidative, ubiquitous CDNPs constitute a novel path into AD pathogenesis and exposed children and young adults need early neuroprotection and multidisciplinary prevention efforts to modify the course of AD at early stages.
Abstract: Millions of children and young adults are exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone, associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Mexico City (MC) children exhibit systemic and brain inflammation, low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ1-42, breakdown of nasal, olfactory, alveolar-capillary, duodenal, and blood-brain barriers, volumetric and metabolic brain changes, attention and short-term memory deficits, and hallmarks of AD and Parkinson's disease. Airborne iron-rich strongly magnetic combustion-derived nanoparticles (CDNPs) are present in young urbanites' brains. Using transmission electron microscopy, we documented CDNPs in neurons, glia, choroid plexus, and neurovascular units of young MC residents versus matched clean air controls. CDNPs are associated with pathology in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs), axons,and dendrites. There is a significant difference in size and numbers between spherical CDNPs (>85%) and the angular, euhedral endogenous NPs (<15%). Spherical CDNPs (dogs 21.2±7.1 nm in diameter versus humans 29.1±11.2 nm, p = 0.002) are present in neurons, glia, choroid plexus, endothelium, nasal and olfactory epithelium, and in CSF at significantly higher in numbers in MC residents (p < 0.0001). Degenerated MERCs, abnormal mitochondria, and dilated ER are widespread, and CDNPs in close contact with neurofilaments, glial fibers, and chromatin are a potential source for altered microtubule dynamics, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation and aggregation of unfolded proteins, abnormal endosomal systems, altered insulin signaling, calcium homeostasis, apoptotic signaling, autophagy, and epigenetic changes. Highly oxidative, ubiquitous CDNPs constitute a novel path into AD pathogenesis. Exposed children and young adults need early neuroprotection and multidisciplinary prevention efforts to modify the course of AD at early stages.

87 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In a culture of fear, we should expect the rise of new mechanisms of social control to deflect distrust, anxiety, and threat as mentioned in this paper, and the label "conspiracy theorist" can be used to deflect questions or concerns about power, corruption, and motive.
Abstract: In a culture of fear, we should expect the rise of new mechanisms of social control to deflect distrust, anxiety, and threat. Relying on the anal- ysis of popular and academic texts, we examine one such mechanism, the label conspiracy theory, and explore how it works in public dis- course to "go meta" by sidestepping the examination of evidence. Our findings suggest that authors use the conspiracy theorist label as (1) a routinized strategy of exclusion; (2) a reframing mechanism that deflects questions or concerns about power, corruption, and motive; and (3) an attack upon the personhood and competence of the questioner. This label becomes dangerous machinery at the transpersonal levels of media and academic discourse, symbolically stripping the claimant of the status of reasonable interlocutor—often to avoid the need to account for one's own action or speech. We argue that this and similar mechanisms simultaneously control the flow of information and sym- bolically demobilize certain voices and issues in public discourse.

87 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The NH intervention was an effective training method for muscle hypertrophy, but, contrary to common literature findings for other modes of eccentric training, did not increase fascicle length.
Abstract: Hamstring strain injury is a frequent and serious injury in competitive and recreational sports. While Nordic hamstring (NH) eccentric strength training is an effective hamstring injury-prevention method, the protective mechanism of this exercise is not understood. Strength training increases muscle strength, but also alters muscle architecture and stiffness; all three factors may be associated with reducing muscle injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of NH eccentric strength training on hamstring muscle architecture, stiffness, and strength. Twenty healthy participants were randomly assigned to an eccentric training group or control group. Control participants performed static stretching, while experimental participants performed static stretching and NH training for 6 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention measurements included: hamstring muscle architecture and stiffness using ultrasound imaging and elastography, and maximal hamstring strength measured on a dynamometer. The experimental group, but not the control group, increased volume (131.5 vs. 145.2 cm3, p < 0.001) and physiological cross-sectional area (16.1 vs. 18.1 cm2, p = 0.032). There were no significant changes to muscle fascicle length, stiffness, or eccentric hamstring strength. The NH intervention was an effective training method for muscle hypertrophy, but, contrary to common literature findings for other modes of eccentric training, did not increase fascicle length. The data suggest that the mechanism behind NH eccentric strength training mitigating hamstring injury risk could be increasing volume rather than increasing muscle length. Future research is, therefore, warranted to determine if muscle hypertrophy induced by NH training lowers future hamstring strain injury risk.

87 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A simultaneous comparison of thermal transport in supported single crystalline graphene to thermal transport across an individual graphene GB is reported, showing that thermal conductance through an isolated GB can be up to an order of magnitude lower than the theoretically anticipated values.
Abstract: Graphene has served as the model 2D system for over a decade, and the effects of grain boundaries (GBs) on its electrical and mechanical properties are very well investigated. However, no direct measurement of the correlation between thermal transport and graphene GBs has been reported. Here, we report a simultaneous comparison of thermal transport in supported single crystalline graphene to thermal transport across an individual graphene GB. Our experiments show that thermal conductance (per unit area) through an isolated GB can be up to an order of magnitude lower than the theoretically anticipated values. Our measurements are supported by Boltzmann transport modeling which uncovers a new bimodal phonon scattering phenomenon initiated by the GB structure. In this novel scattering mechanism, boundary roughness scattering dominates the phonon transport in low-mismatch GBs, while for higher mismatch angles there is an additional resistance caused by the formation of a disordered region at the GB. Nonequili...

87 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a program that quickly determines the energy band diagrams based on a simple analytical model was created to explore the behavior of various oxide stacks with the ability to easily vary important parameters like oxide material, electron affinity, bandgap, dielectric constant, and thickness.
Abstract: Energy band diagrams for MOS devices are essential for understanding device performance and reliability. Introduction of high-k gate stacks with a silicon dioxide (SiO2) interfacial layer requires an even greater understanding of the energy band behavior. A program that quickly determines the band diagrams based on a simple analytical model was created. It is used to explore the behavior of various oxide stacks with the ability to easily vary important parameters like oxide material, electron affinity, bandgap, dielectric constant, and thickness. The usefulness of this program to predict potential reliability issues is also demonstrated

87 citations


Authors

Showing all 3902 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Jeffrey G. Andrews11056263334
Zhu Han109140748725
Brian R. Flay8932526390
Jeffrey W. Elam8343524543
Pramod K. Varshney7989430834
Scott Fendorf7924421035
Gregory F. Ball7634221193
Yan Wang72125330710
David C. Dunand7252719212
Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez6433414252
Michael K. Lindell6218619865
Matthew J. Kohn6216413741
Maged Elkashlan6129414736
Bernard Yurke5824217897
Miguel Ferrer5847811560
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202370
2022210
2021763
2020695
2019620
2018637