Boise State University

About: Boise State University is a education organization based out in Boise, Idaho, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 3698 authors who have published 8664 publications receiving 210163 citations. The organization is also known as: BSU & Boise State.

Multilevel Mechanisms of Implementation Strategies in Mental Health: Integrating Theory, Research, and Practice.

Abstract: A step toward the development of optimally effective, efficient, and feasible implementation strategies that increase evidence-based treatment integration in mental health services involves identification of the multilevel mechanisms through which these strategies influence implementation outcomes. This article (a) provides an orientation to, and rationale for, consideration of multilevel mediating mechanisms in implementation trials, and (b) systematically reviews randomized controlled trials that examined mediators of implementation strategies in mental health. Nine trials were located. Mediation-related methodological deficiencies were prevalent and no trials supported a hypothesized mediator. The most common reason was failure to engage the mediation target. Discussion focuses on directions to accelerate implementation strategy development in mental health.

The effect of human activities and their associated noise on ungulate behavior.

Abstract: Background The effect of anthropogenic noise on terrestrial wildlife is a relatively new area of study with broad ranging management implications. Noise has been identified as a disturbance that has the potential to induce behavioral responses in animals similar to those associated with predation risk. This study investigated potential impacts of a variety of human activities and their associated noise on the behavior of elk (Cervus elaphus) and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) along a transportation corridor in Grand Teton National Park.

Clinical Trials in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Hurdle in the Path of Remedy

Abstract: Human clinical trials seek to ameliorate the disease states and symptomatic progression of illnesses that, as of yet, are largely untreatable according to clinical standards. Ideally, clinical trials test "disease-modifying drugs," i.e., therapeutic agents that specifically modify pathological features or molecular bases of the disease and would presumably have a large impact on disease progression. In the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, this approach appears to have stalled progress in the successful development of clinically useful therapies. For the last 25 years, clinical trials involving AD have centered on beta-amyloid (Aβ) and the Aβ hypothesis of AD progression and pathology. According to this hypothesis, the progression of AD begins following an accumulation of Aβ peptide, leading to eventual synapse loss and neuronal cell death: the true overriding pathological feature of AD. Clinical trials arising from the Aβ hypothesis target causal steps in the pathway in order to reduce the formation of Aβ or enhance clearance, and though agents have been successful in this aim, they remain unsuccessful in rescuing cognitive function or slowing cognitive decline. As such, further use of resources in the development of treatment options for AD that target Aβ, its precursors, or its products should be reevaluated. The purpose of this review was to give an overview of how human clinical trials are conducted in the USA and to assess the results of recent failed trials involving AD, the majority of which were based on the Aβ hypothesis. Based on these current findings, it is suggested that lowering Aβ is an unproven strategy, and it may be time to refocus on other targets for the treatment of this disease including pathological forms of tau.

The Double-Peaked SN 2013ge: A Type Ib/c Sn with an Asymmetric Mass Ejection or an Extended Progenitor Envelope

Abstract: We present extensive multiwavelength (radio to X-ray) observations of the Type Ib/c SN2013ge from −13 to +457 days relative to maximum light, including a series of optical spectra and Swift UV-optical photometry beginning 2 − 4 days post explosion. This makes SN2013ge one of the best observed normal Type Ib/c SN at early times, when the light curve is particularly sensitive to the progenitor configuration and mixing of radioactive elements. These early observations reveal two distinct light curve components in the UV bands. The first component rises over 4 − 5 days and is visible for the first week post-explosion. Spectra of the first component have a blue continuum and show a plethora of high velocity (~ 14,000 km s^(−1)) but narrow (~ 3500 km s^(−1)) spectroscopic features, indicating that the line forming region is restricted. The explosion parameters estimated for the bulk explosion (M_(ej) ~ 2 − 3 M_⊙; EK ~ 1 − 2 × 10^(51) ergs) are standard for Type Ib/c SN, while detailed analysis of optical and NIR spectra identify weak He features at early times (in an object which would have otherwise been classified as Type Ic), and nebular spectra show evidence for mixing and asymmetry in the bulk ejecta. In addition, SN2013ge exploded in a low metallicity environment (~ 0.5 Z_⊙) and we have obtained some of the deepest radio and X-ray limits for a Type Ib/c SN to date that constrain the progenitor mass-loss rate to be M < 4 × 10^(−6) M_⊙ yr^(−1). We are left with two distinct progenitor scenarios for SN2013ge depending on our interpretation of the early emission. If the first component is cooling envelope emission, then the progenitor of SN2013ge possessed a low-mass extended (≳ 30 R_⊙) envelope. Alternatively, if the first component is due to outwardly mixed 56Ni then our observations are consistent with the asymmetric ejection of a small amount of mass (~ 0.05 M_⊙) ahead of the bulk explosion. Current models for the collision of a SN shock with a binary companion cannot reproduce both the timescale and luminosity of the early emission in SN2013ge. Finally, we find that the spectra of the first component of SN2013ge are similar to those of the rapidly-declining SN2002bj.

School Shootings and the Man-Bites-Dog Criterion of Newsworthiness:

Abstract: School shootings have received considerable media attention in recent years. These widely publicized crimes have provoked fear among parents, school staff, and the public at large despite data indicating that school violence has not significantly increased. This article examines the ways in which school shootings are depicted in the media and contrasts these images with official sources of juvenile crime data. The findings indicate that media reports of school shootings lead to grossly distorted perceptions of the potential for victimization. Recommendations are offered to help provide more accurate and balanced coverage of these tragic events.