Boise State University

About: Boise State University is a education organization based out in Boise, Idaho, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 3698 authors who have published 8664 publications receiving 210163 citations. The organization is also known as: BSU & Boise State.

Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments Using BitTorrent and Bargaining

Abstract: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) technology such as IEEE 802.11pWireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) technology such as IEEE 802.11p has emerged as a state-of-the- art solution to vehicular communications. The major challenges in WAVE arise due to the fast changing communication environment and short durations of communications due to the mobility. As a result, it is difficult to transmit a large amount of data in such a network for vehicle-to-roadside and/or vehicle-to-vehicle communications. To overcome this problem, we propose a solution based on the idea of BitTorrent used for peer-to-peer networking, and the concept of bargaining game used in game theory. Similar to the distribution of data to peers in BitTorrent, the roadside units (RSUs) randomly distribute the data to the passing vehicles. Then, the on board units (OBUs) on the vehicles with different data, exchange the information among each other using bargaining considering channel adaptations and fairness in their achieved utility. We formulate two optimization problems - one for the RSUs and the other for the OBUs. For OBUs, the bargaining solutions are proposed which are based on three fairness criteria. For RSUs, depending on the traffic pattern, distribution of packets to the OBUs is optimized considering the different priority of the packets so that the overall utilities of the OBUs are maximized. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes can ensure fairness among the OBUs, and adapt to different traffic scenarios with different vehicular traffic intensity. has emerged as a state-of-the- art solution to vehicular communications. The major challenges in WAVE arise due to the fast changing communication environment and short durations of communications due to the mobility. As a result, it is difficult to transmit a large amount of data in such a network for vehicle-to-roadside and/or vehicle-to-vehicle communications. To overcome this problem, we propose a solution based on the idea of BitTorrent used for peer-to-peer networking, and the concept of bargaining game used in game theory. Similar to the distribution of data to peers in BitTorrent, the roadside units (RSUs) randomly distribute the data to the passing vehicles. Then, the on board units (OBUs) on the vehicles with different data, exchange the information among each other using bargaining considering channel adaptations and fairness in their achieved utility. We formulate two optimization problems - one for the RSUs and the other for the OBUs. For OBUs, the bargaining solutions are proposed which are based on three fairness criteria. For RSUs, depending on the traffic pattern, distribution of packets to the OBUs is optimized considering the different priority of the packets so that the overall utilities of the OBUs are maximized. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes can ensure fairness among the OBUs, and adapt to different traffic scenarios with different vehicular traffic intensity.

The first second of volcanic eruptions from the Erebus volcano lava lake, Antarctica—Energies, pressures, seismology, and infrasound

Abstract: [1] We describe a multiparameter experiment at Erebus volcano, Antarctica, employing Doppler radar, video, acoustic, and seismic observations to estimate the detailed energy budget of large (up to 40 m-diameter) bubble bursts from a persistent phonolite lava lake. These explosions are readily studied from the crater rim at ranges of less than 500 m and present an ideal opportunity to constrain the dynamics and mechanism of magmatic bubble bursts that can drive Strombolian and Hawaiian eruptions. We estimate the energy budget of the first second of a typical Erebus explosion as a function of time and energy type. We constrain gas pressures and forces using an analytic model for the expansion of a gas bubble above a conduit that incorporates conduit geometry and magma and gas parameters. The model, consistent with video and radar observations, invokes a spherical bulging surface with a base diameter equal to that of the lava lake. The model has no ad hoc free parameters, and geometrical calculations predict zenith height, velocity, and acceleration during shell expansion. During explosions, the energy contained in hot overpressured gas bubbles is freed and partitioned into other energy types, where by far the greatest nonthermal energy component is the kinetic and gravitational potential energy of the accelerated magma shell (> 10 9 J). Seismic source energy created by explosions is estimated from radar measurements and is consistent with source energy determined from seismic observations. For the generation of the infrasonic signal, a dual mechanism incorporating a terminally disrupted slug is proposed, which clarifies previous models and provides good fits to observed infrasonic pressures. A new and straightforward method is presented for determining gas volumes from slug explosions at volcanoes from remote infrasound recordings.

Feature mislocalizations and misjudgments of intercharacter distance.

Abstract: Three experiments were conducted to gather evidence for Wolford's (1975) feature perturbation model and claims derived from it. The first experiment found that perturbation or mislocalization of features toward the foveal center predominated when a distinctive standard for localization was presented and short-term memory factors were minimized. The second experiment found that foveal mislocalizations do seem to cause two figures in the visual field to be reported as closer to one another than they actually are presented. The final experiment provided no support for the notion that interference between figures in the visual field is caused by foveal mislocalizations making features from the figures appear to be at the same location. A distinction between mislocalizations of figures due to feature perturbations and errors due to figures which were correctly localized but not reported in the instructed order was possible in the last two experiments.