Boise State University

About: Boise State University is a education organization based out in Boise, Idaho, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 3698 authors who have published 8664 publications receiving 210163 citations. The organization is also known as: BSU & Boise State.

Lack of Effect of a Knee Ligament Injury Prevention Program on the Incidence of Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

Abstract: Background: Studies have suggested that exercise programs can reduce the incidence of noncontact injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament in female athletes. We conducted a two-year prospective study to assess the effects of a knee ligament injury prevention exercise program on the incidence of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in high-school female athletes. Methods: A prospective cohort design was used to study high-school female athletes (playing soccer, basketball, and volleyball) from fifteen schools (112 teams) for two consecutive seasons. The schools were divided into treatment and control groups. The treatment group participated in a plyometric-based exercise program twice a week throughout the season. Practice and game exposures and compliance with the exercise program were recorded on a weekly basis. Suspected noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries were confirmed on the basis of the history as well as at the time of surgery and/or with magnetic resonance imaging. Results: A total of 1439 athletes (862 in the control group and 577 in the treatment group) were monitored. There were six confirmed noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: three in the treatment group, and three in the control group. The incidence of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries per 1000 exposures was 0.167 in the treatment group and 0.078 in the control group, yielding an odds ratio of 2.05, which was not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that a twenty-minute plyometric-based exercise program that focuses on the mechanics of landing from a jump and deceleration when running performed twice a week throughout the season will not reduce the rate of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in high-school female athletes. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Climate Extremes and Compound Hazards in a Warming World

Abstract: Climate extremes threaten human health, economic stability, and the well-being of natural and built environments (e.g., 2003 European heat wave). As the world continues to warm, climate hazards are...

Improving Social Well- Being Through New Democratic Institutions

Abstract: We evaluate the role of a new type of democratic institution, participatory budgeting (PB), for improving citizens' well-being. Participatory institutions are said to enhance governance, citizens' empowerment, and the quality of democracy, creating a virtuous cycle to improve the poor's well-being. Drawing from an original database of Brazil's largest cities over the last 20 years, we assess whether adopting PB programs influences several indicators of well-being inputs, processes, and outcomes. We find PB programs are strongly associated with increases in health care spending, increases in civil society organizations, and decreases in infant mortality rates. This connection strengthens dramatically as PB programs remain in place over longer time frames. Furthermore, PB's connection to well-being strengthens in the hand of mayors from the nationally powerful, ideologically and electorally motivated Workers' Party. Our argument directly addresses debates on democracy and well-being and has powerful implications for participation, governance, and economic development.

Relationship between the structural and magnetic properties of Co-doped Sn O 2 nanoparticles

Abstract: In this paper, we present the results of a detailed investigation of the structural, optical, and magnetic properties of chemically synthesized pure and Co-doped $\mathrm{Sn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ powders using x-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and magnetometry. In ${\mathrm{Sn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ samples prepared at $600\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ with low doping concentrations of Co $(\ensuremath{\leqslant}1%)$, the $\mathrm{Sn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ lattice contracts, band gap energy decreases, and a ferromagnetic behavior is developed. Increasing the Co doping concentration to $g1%$ leads to a rapid expansion of the lattice and significant structural disorder evidenced by changes in the XRD and Raman spectra presumably due to additional interstitial incorporation of Co. This higher Co doping completely destroys the ferromagnetism. The striking similarity between the changes in the lattice parameters and the magnetic properties of ${\mathrm{Sn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ indicates a structure-magnetic property relationship.