Boise State University

About: Boise State University is a education organization based out in Boise, Idaho, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Computer science. The organization has 3698 authors who have published 8664 publications receiving 210163 citations. The organization is also known as: BSU & Boise State.

Spatial variation and temporal stability of soil water in a snow-dominated, mountain catchment

Abstract: Soil is a critical intermediary of water flux between precipitation and stream flow. Characterization of soil water content (� ,m 3 m � 3 ) may be especially difficult in mountainous, snow-dominated catchments due to highly variable water inputs, topography, soils and vegetation. However, individual sites exhibit similar seasonal dynamics, suggesting that it may be possible to describe spatial variability in terms of temporally stable relationships. Working in a 0Ð36 km 2 headwater catchment, we: (i) described and the spatial variability ofover a 2 year period, (ii) characterized that variability in terms of temporal stability analysis, and (iii) related changes in temporally stable soil water patterns to stream flow generation. Soil water data were collected for 2 years at representative sites and quantified in terms of � and water storage to a depth of 75 cm (S75, cm). Both S75 andwere normally distributed in space on all measurement dates. Spatial variability was high relative to other studies, reflecting catchment heterogeneity. However, the ranking of S75 values displayed temporal stability for all site locations, seasonally and annually. This stability was attributed to soil texture. Further temporal analysis indicated that estimates of catchment mean and standard deviation of S75 may be characterized with relatively few measurements. Finally, we used temporal linear regression to define catchment soil water conditions related to stream-flow generation. Static, high S75 conditions in late winter and early spring indicate that stream-flow response is highly sensitive to inputs, whereas static, low S75 conditions in late summer and early fall indicate minimum stream-flow sensitivity to water inputs. The fall transition was marked by uniform S d across the catchment. The late spring transition was marked by nonuniform S75 decreases, with the highest S75 sites decreasing most. Threshold S75 values identifying catchment sensitivity to water input were identified. Copyright  2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Executive compensation structure and corporate governance choices

Abstract: Using data that reflect the significant growth in incentive compensation during the last decade, we extend research in this area by specifying a more complete model that addresses both corporate governance and risk-sharing factors that theory suggests should influence compensation policy. We find that the extent of incentive compensation is systematically related to other features of corporate governance, as well as to factors affecting managerial risk aversion. The results support the following conclusions: (a) the presence of outside directors and blockholders facilitates the use of incentive compensation, (b) incentive compensation is inversely related to use of leverage, and (c) the incentive pay component of compensation is lower for CEOs near or at retirement age and is decreasing in the percentage of firm stock already owned by the CEO. JEL classification: G34

Understanding the kauffman bracket skein module

Abstract: The Kauffman bracket skein module K(M) of a 3-manifold M is defined over formal power series in the variable h by letting A = eh/4. For a compact oriented surface F, it is shown that K(F×I) is a quantization of the -characters of the fundamental group of F corresponding to a geometrically defined Poisson bracket. Finite type invariants for unoriented knots and links are defined and obtained from topologically free Kauffman bracket modules. A structure theorem for K(M) is given in terms of the affine -characters of π1(M). It follows for compact M that K(M) can be generated as a module by cables on a finite set of knots. Moreover, if M contains no incompressible surfaces, the module is topologically finitely generated.

Neoproterozoic stratigraphy of the Zavkhan terrane of Mongolia: The backbone for Cryogenian and early Ediacaran chemostratigraphic records

Abstract: The Neoproterozoic Tsagaan-Olom Group is exposed in the Zavkhan Terrane of southwestern Mongolia and hosts unique geochemical, paleoclimate, and paleontological records that have become central to our understanding of this pivotal interval of Earth history. New sedimentological, stratigraphic, geochronological, and geochemical data provide context for and further develop these records. Detrital zircon provenance indicates that Neoproterozoic strata of the Zavkhan Terrane were derived from basement with age peaks between 1950 to 2100 and 2400 to 2600 Ma. At ∼800 Ma, the Zavkhan Terrane transformed from an active arc and back-arc complex to a rifted ribbon continent with passive margins on both sides. Deposition was accommodated by extension, which is recorded with syn-sedimentary normal faulting and alluvial fan deposition in the Zavkhan and Khasagt formations. Passive margin sedimentation in the overlying Tsagaan-Olom Group begins with the glacigenic Maikhan-Uul Formation, which consists of two massive diamictite units separated by clast-poor graded beds of the middle member. Detrital zircon at the base of the middle member of the Maikhan-Uul Formation were dated with U-Pb chemical abrasion isotope-dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry and constrained its age to

Application of STEM Characterization for Investigating Radiation Effects in BCC Fe-Based Alloys

Abstract: This paper provides an overview of advanced scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) techniques used for characterization of irradiated BCC Fe-based alloys. Advanced STEM methods provide the high-resolution imaging and chemical analysis necessary to understand the irradiation response of BCC Fe-based alloys. The use of STEM with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for measurement of radiation-induced segregation (RIS) is described, with an illustrated example of RIS in proton- and self-ion irradiated T91. Aberration-corrected STEM-EDX for nanocluster/nanoparticle imaging and chemical analysis is also discussed, and examples are provided from ion-irradiated oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys. Finally, STEM techniques for void, cavity, and dislocation loop imaging are described, with examples from various BCC Fe-based alloys.