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Institution

Boston Children's Hospital

HealthcareBoston, Massachusetts, United States
About: Boston Children's Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 165409 authors who have published 215589 publications receiving 6885627 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Maturation of white matter is an important part of brain maturation during childhood, and that maturation of relatively restricted regions ofwhite matter is correlated with development of specific cognitive functions.
Abstract: In the human brain, myelination of axons continues until early adulthood and is thought to be important for the development of cognitive functions during childhood. We used diffusion tensor MR imaging and calculated fractional anisotropy, an indicator of myelination and axonal thickness, in children aged between 8 and 18 years. Development of working memory capacity was positively correlated with fractional anisotropy in two regions in the left frontal lobe, including a region between the superior frontal and parietal cortices. Reading ability, on the other hand, was only correlated with fractional anisotropy in the left temporal lobe, in the same white matter region where adults with reading disability are known to have lower fractional anisotropy. Both the temporal and the frontal regions were also correlated with age. These results show that maturation of white matter is an important part of brain maturation during childhood, and that maturation of relatively restricted regions of white matter is correlated with development of specific cognitive functions.

730 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effect of in vitro expansion on the replicative capacity of MSCs is determined by correlating their rate of telomere loss during in vitro Expansion with their behavior in vivo, and it is reported that even protocols that involve minimal expansion induce a rapid aging of M SCs, with losses equivalent to about half their total replicative lifespan.
Abstract: Human marrow stromal cells (MSCs) can be isolated from bone marrow and differentiate into multiple tissues in vitro and in vivo. These properties make them promising tools in cell and gene therapy. The lack of a specific MSC marker and the low frequency of MSCs in bone marrow necessitate their isolation by in vitro expansion prior to clinical use. This may severely reduce MSC proliferative capacity to the point that the residual proliferative potential is insufficient to maintain long-term tissue regeneration upon reinfusion. In this study we determined the effect of in vitro expansion on the replicative capacity of MSCs by correlating their rate of telomere loss during in vitro expansion with their behavior in vivo. We report that even protocols that involve minimal expansion induce a rapid aging of MSCs, with losses equivalent to about half their total replicative lifespan.

728 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Early wheeze and a specific sensitization pattern were significant predictors for wheezing at school age, irrespective of AD, and the prognosis is mostly determined by the severity and the presence of atopic sensitization.
Abstract: Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is considered to be one of the first manifestations in the atopic march. However, few prospective studies on AD and its association with childhood asthma exist. Objective The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the natural course of AD to determine factors influencing its prognosis and to analyze the relationship of AD with childhood asthma. Methods The Multicenter Allergy Study, a German birth cohort, followed 1314 children from birth to age 7 years. Physical examinations, parental interviews on atopic symptoms and diagnoses, and determination of specific IgE levels were performed regularly. Results The cumulative prevalence of AD in the first 2 years of life was 21.5%. Of these children with early AD, 43.2% were in complete remission by age 3 years, 38.3% had an intermittent pattern of disease, and 18.7% had symptoms of AD every year. Severity (adjusted cumulative odds ratio, 5.86; 95% CI, 3.04-11.29) and atopic sensitization (adjusted cumulative odds ratio, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.29-5.91) were major determinants of prognosis. Early wheeze and a specific sensitization pattern were significant predictors for wheezing at school age, irrespective of AD. Early AD without these cofactors constituted no increased risk of subsequent wheeze (adjusted odds ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.56-2.20) or bronchial hyperreactivity. Conclusion AD is a common condition in infancy but disappears around age 3 years in a significant proportion of children. The prognosis is mostly determined by the severity and the presence of atopic sensitization. Early AD is associated with asthma at school age, but in many of these asthmatic children, wheezing manifests before or with the onset of AD. Children with AD and wheeze have a marked loss in lung function, suggesting a distinct phenotype rather than a progressive development from AD to asthma.

728 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
14 Apr 2006-Science
TL;DR: A dense whole-genome scan of DNA samples from the Framingham Heart Study participants was used to identify a common genetic variant near the INSIG2 gene associated with obesity, suggesting that common genetic polymorphisms are important determinants of obesity.
Abstract: Obesity is a heritable trait and a risk factor for many common diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. We used a dense whole-genome scan of DNA samples from the Framingham Heart Study participants to identify a common genetic variant near the INSIG2 gene associated with obesity. We have replicated the finding in four separate samples composed of individuals of Western European ancestry, African Americans, and children. The obesity-predisposing genotype is present in 10% of individuals. Our study suggests that common genetic polymorphisms are important determinants of obesity.

727 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: IL-17A-mediated protection in the CD45RBhi transfer model of colitis is demonstrated and T cells are identified as not only the source but also a target of IL-17 in vivo.
Abstract: Interleukin 23 (IL-23) and IL-17 have been linked to the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease. Yet as an important function for IL-23 is emerging, the function of IL-17 in inflammatory bowel disease remains unclear. Here we demonstrate IL-17A-mediated protection in the CD45RBhi transfer model of colitis. An accelerated wasting disease elicited by T cells deficient in IL-17A correlated with higher expression of genes encoding T helper type 1-type cytokines in colon tissue. IL-17A also modulated T helper type 1 polarization in vitro. Furthermore, T cells deficient in the IL-17 receptor elicited an accelerated, aggressive wasting disease relative to that elicited by wild-type T cells in recipient mice. Our data demonstrate a protective function for IL-17 and identify T cells as not only the source but also a target of IL-17 in vivo.

726 citations


Authors

Showing all 165661 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Walter C. Willett3342399413322
Frederick E. Shelton3271485295883
Robert Langer2812324326306
Graham A. Colditz2611542256034
Frank B. Hu2501675253464
George M. Whitesides2401739269833
Eugene Braunwald2301711264576
Ralph B. D'Agostino2261287229636
Mark J. Daly204763304452
Eric B. Rimm196988147119
Virginia M.-Y. Lee194993148820
Bernard Rosner1901162147661
Stuart H. Orkin186715112182
Mark Hallett1861170123741
Ralph Weissleder1841160142508
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202380
2022442
202119,543
202016,558
201913,868
201812,020