Showing papers by "Boston College published in 1974"
155 citations
TL;DR: With a device called an Apprehension Meter, 60 undergraduate males watched a 5-min film of highway driving as seen from the driver's seat and recorded a moment-by-moment judgment of degree of danger, or caution level, which appeared more prompt in detecting danger, but less abrupt in responding to it, than did the groups with infractions.
147 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined editorial appointment patterns in journals representing seven scientific disciplines: physics, chemistry, biology, economics, psychology, political science, and sociology, and found that since consensus on basic paradigms does not exist in the social sciences, positions of influence are awarded and achieved on much more "particularistic" criteria than those for the physical and natural sciences.
Abstract: This study examines editorial appointment patterns in journals representing seven scientific disciplines: physics, chemistry, biology, economics, psychology, political science, sociology. Social science editors-in-chief are more likely than physical and natural science editors-in-chief to employ “particularistic” criteria in the selection of editorial appointees. In the social sciences, Columbia and Harvard editors-in-chief are significantly more likely than editors-in-chief with other doctorates to select graduates from Columbia or Harvard when making editorial appointments. In the physical and natural sciences, editors-in-chief with doctorates from schools other than Columbia and Harvard are just as likely as Columbia and Harvard editors-in-chief to select editorial appointees with Columbia or Harvard doctorates.
The findings suggest that since consensus on basic paradigms does not exist in the social sciences, positions of influence are awarded and achieved on much more “particularistic” criteria than those for the physical and natural sciences.
134 citations
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: In this article, the interactions of numerous project characteristics, with particular reference to project performance, were studied and determinants of success were identified along with the accompanying implications for client organization, parent organization, project organization, and future research.
Abstract: The interactions of numerous project characteristics, with particular reference to project performance, were studied. Determinants of success are identified along with the accompanying implications for client organization, parent organization, project organization, and future research. Variables are selected which are found to have the greatest impact on project outcome, and the methodology and analytic techniques to be employed in identification of those variables are discussed.
100 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the relationship between economic self-interest and beliefs about the motivation of the poor and support for greater efforts to aid the poor, and found that a marked decrease in the extent of commitment to the work ethic could have a substantial impact on belief about the poor.
Abstract: The thesis that ideological beliefs about the poor and about poverty policy are in large measure a function of economic self-interest is examined. Socioeconomic status is best described as a consistent, but weak predictor of beliefs about the motivation of the poor and of support for greater efforts to aid the poor. What have generally been referred to as middle-class misconceptions about the motivation of the poor are often held by the poor themselves. Evidence is presented indicating that a marked decrease in extent of commitment to the work ethic could have a substantial impact on beliefs about the poor and the extent of support for efforts to reduce the degree of economic inequality.
90 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a power law for the velocity-density relationship arising from lattice dynamics is examined for germanate compounds, and the power law describes the velocity density relationship for high-pressure polymorphs better than Birch's linear law.
83 citations
TL;DR: The dependence of bulk sound speed Vφ upon mean atomic weight m and density ρ can be expressed in a single equation: V φ =Bρ λ (m 0 m [ 1 2 +λ(1−c)] ( km/sec ) as discussed by the authors.
65 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of covert modeling, overt modeling, and attention placebo were compared in the reduction of fear of rats in a laboratory situation, and the overt group was superior on one subjective measure.
53 citations
TL;DR: Frequency of use of a product and market context offer new perspectives for selecting the superior segmentation correlate.
Abstract: Frequency of use of a product and market context offer new perspectives for selecting the superior segmentation correlate.
52 citations
TL;DR: This form of consecration has been given the appropriate technical name of "deposition" to distinguish it from other methods of consecrating food-offerings to the gods, such as burning them or simply throwing them away as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Introduction. Bloodless offerings of the most various kinds of food are a common and well-known feature of Greek sacrifice at all periods. The Greeks themselves thought of them as gifts for the gods (Plato, Euthyphr. 14c). The gift was delivered by simply putting it in a place, usually a shrine, where the god was present to receive it. This form of consecration has been given the appropriate technical name of “deposition,” to distinguish it from other methods of consecrating food-offerings to the gods — such as burning them or simply throwing them away.
49 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that early life histories of individuals may be important predisposing factors in heroin addiction and that parental influence was a significant positive factor in addiction.
Abstract: In order to determine the role of parental influences in heroin addiction, a Biographical Inventory consisting of 56 life history items was given to 100 addicts and to a matched group of 100 nonusers. Results suggest that early life histories of individuals may be important predisposing factors. Addicts more likely led an unhappy childhood, experienced harsh physical punishment, and lacked parental concern in the areas of school, sexual conduct, friends, and career guidance. Nonusers more likely came from intact homes where parental influence was a significant positive factor, where the fathers were regarded as pals, and the mothers as consistent.
TL;DR: The equivalence of Bayesian equilibria of two-person games with incomplete information and Nash equilibrians of certain n-person polymatrix games is demonstrated by means of a specific “Selten model.”
Abstract: The equivalence of Bayesian equilibria of two-person games with incomplete information and Nash equilibria of certain n-person polymatrix games is demonstrated by means of a specific “Selten model.” As a byproduct, constructions recently developed for polymatrix games are available for Bayesian equilibria.
TL;DR: For example, the authors found that there are marked variations in the amount of stigma associated with the various components of the public assistance program and that the stigma that would be associated with a federal guaranteed income program would be less than that associated with AFDC.
Abstract: Beliefs about the stigma associated with 13 different programs and proposals to aid the poor are assessed for a sample of respondents in the Boston SMSA. Evidence is found supporting the following conclusions: (1) there are marked variations in the amount of stigma associated with the various components of the Public Assistance program; (2) the stigma that would be associated with a federal guaranteed income program would be less than that associated with AFDC; (3) the stigma associated with a guaranteed income program would be approximately equal to that which would be associated with a guaranteed job program; (4) the more universalistic programs tend to be less stigmatized than the more categorical programs; (5) those who are more liberal and those who are higher in socioeconomic status tend to rate programs higher in stigma than do those who are more conservative and those who are lower in socioeconomic status.
TL;DR: Proteolytic activity in moulting fluid from the sphingid Manduca sexta has at least two pH optima and the neutral protease appears to be similar to proteases previously characterized from bacteria and snake venom.
TL;DR: It is concluded that cuticle chitinase is the physiologically active molting enzyme in Manduca sexta, and has good activity at the pH of molting fluid.
TL;DR: In this article, a high-density fermion gas interacting through a scalar field is studied in the relativistic Hartree approximation, as a model for superhigh-density astrophysical systems.
Abstract: A high-density fermion gas interacting through a scalar field is studied in the relativistic Hartree approximation, as a model for superhigh-density astrophysical systems The Hartree quasiparticle states are the superposition of positive- and negative-energy states and can be constructed by a Bogoliubov-type canonical transformation The resulting effective mass is strongly field-dependent, and approaches 0 as the density increases into the ultrarelativistic domain The ensuing equation of state exhibits a phase transition and a bound state in the intermediate-density range, but becomes perfect-gas-like at high densities There is no collapse, and stronger coupling enhances the perfect-gas-like behavior An alternate picture is provided by considering the fermion gas in the background of zero-momentum bosons Numerical comparisons with existing scalar-meson coupling data are provided, with emphasis on regions of neutron-star densities
01 Jul 1974
29 Jan 1974
TL;DR: In this article, three almometers-water opacity measuring devices-emplaced perpendicular to the beach, measure instantaneously and continuously the sediment concentration across the surf zone and show that sediment load movement is somewhat coincident with the prevailing swell period.
Abstract: Three almometers-water opacity measuring devices-emplaced perpendicular to the beach, measure instantaneously and continuously the sediment concentration across the surf zone. Most of the variance of the sand movement is centered in frequencies of less than 0.25 Hz and between 1.15 and 1.25 Hz. Modes and frequency of sand transport differ within each of the dynamic zones of the surf. The motion of sediment in the inner and outer surf zones is small and virtually independent of the deep water wave periods. Outside the breaker zone, bed load movement is somewhat coincident with the prevailing swell period. Lighter concentrations move predominantly with a 0.8-0.9 second periodicity. In the breaker zone, sand moves along the bottom with frequencies equal to that of both the swell and sea, but most of the power is in lower frequencies. In the breaker zone sand is rarely thrown into suspension. In the transition zone, sediment motion is largely by suspension with a period a little longer than the swell.
TL;DR: Ionization and appearance potentials, proton NMR chemical shifts and characteristic vibrational stretching frequencies have been measured for (CH 3 ) 3 CC CH, (CH3 ) 3 SnC CH, CH 3 ) n Si(C ǫ) 4− n, and CH 3 n Ge(C CH) 4 − n where n = 0-3 as mentioned in this paper.
01 Jul 1974
TL;DR: The role of parental socialization in affecting political behavior has been extensively studied in the past few decades as discussed by the authors. But only a very few studies have been concerned with the impact of parent socialization on volunteer organization participation.
Abstract: children. In the past two decades there has been an increasing emphasis on adolescent and adult socialization research, with a correlative focus on the learning of social roles and activities, rather than focusing primarily (or exclusively) on personality traits and intellectual capacities. Sociologists have been especially concerned with the role of parental socialization in affecting political behavior (1~ynian 1959; Dawson and Prewitt 1969; Mess and Torney 1967), religious behavior (Putney and Pliddleton 1961; Smith 1969), educational behavior (Bordua 1960; Cicourel and Kitsuse 1963; kahl 1953), occupational behavior (Kirchner and Jeiaon 1945; :100re 1969; Blau and Duncan 1967; Sexton 1967), sex roles (Kagan 1964), marital roles (hill and Aldous 1969), etc. (Brim 1966; Bloom 1964; Kagan and Moss 1962). Only a very few studies, however, have been concerned with the impact of parental socialization upon volunteer organization participation. Ihe few studies that have been performed have generally shown a significant relationship between (a) parents’ attitudes toward, and participation in, volunteer orgai.izations and (b) their children’s participation in volunteer organizations (see A.nderson 1943; Baeur~ler 1965; Johannis 1958; Martin and Siegel 1953; Hodge and Treiman, 1968). &dquo;tost of these studies have focused on the
TL;DR: This work extends the work of Solow and Vickrey, who posed this problem in an operationally one-dimensional long narrow city, to a two-dimensional circular city with a network of radial and circumferential roads, and shows that there is no travel through the center of an optimal city.
Journal Article•
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TL;DR: The anthropological fieldworker becomes convinced that culture is something which is constantly at work, which is there for the satisfaction of elementary human needs, which in turn creates new wants and provides means for their fulfillment as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: "Living among one savage tribe after another, the anthropological fieldworker becomes convinced that culture is something which is constantly at work, which is there for the satisfaction of elementary human needs, which in turn creates new wants and provides means for their fulfillment" (Malinowski 1924:36)
TL;DR: In this paper, electron microscopy of quartz sand grains separated from the Squantum “Tillite” reveals surface textures characteristic of those acquired during glacial transport, which supports past theories of a middle to late Paleozoic mountain glaciation in the Boston area.
Abstract: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of quartz sand grains separated from the Squantum “Tillite” reveals surface textures characteristic of those acquired during glacial transport. This evidence supports past theories of a middle to late Paleozoic mountain glaciation in the Boston area.
TL;DR: In this paper, the heat of transport for dilute aqueous HCl solutions at 25°C was determined from the measurements of thermoelectric powers of the thermocell.
Abstract: Heats of transport for dilute aqueous HCl solutions at 25°C have been determined from the measurements of thermoelectric powers of the thermocell
$$(T){\text{ }}Ag{\text{ - }}AgCl/HCl(ag.)/Ag - AgCl{\text{ (T + }}\Delta {\text{T)}}$$
The variation of the heat of transport with concentration has been examined up to 0.04M and the molar heat of transport at infinite dilution obtained by extrapolation. Present experimental results may be summarized by the equation
$${\text{Q}}^ * = {\text{ }}3397 - 3734I^{1/2} {\text{ + }}33610{\text{I}}^{{\text{3/2}}}$$
whereQ* is the heat of transport in cal-mole−1 andI is the ionic strength.