Showing papers by "Boston College published in 1975"
TL;DR: A two-phased syndrome experienced by families of homicide victims is identified, which consists of an acute grief process and the long-term reorganization phase, which includes the psychological issues of bereavement and the socio-legal issues of the criminal justice process.
Abstract: This pilot study identifies a two-phased syndrome experienced by families of homicide victims. The crisis phase consists of an acute grief process, including immediate reactions to the homicide, the funeral details, and police investigations. The long-term reorganization phase includes the psychological issues of bereavement and the socio-legal issues of the criminal justice process. Language: en
67 citations
TL;DR: Data from a comparative study of 5,450 young males in six developing nations were used to investigate the association between modernization or modernity and negative attitudes toward aging, and suggest the necessity of differentiating between "modernization" and "modernity" as levels of analysis.
Abstract: Data from a comparative study of 5,450 young males in six developing nations were used to investigate the association between modernization or modernity and negative attitudes toward aging. The findings question the frequent assertion that "modernity" (the exposure of individuals in developing nations to industrial technology and urban social experience) results in negative perceptions of aging and diminished value attributed to the aged. The data do provide support for the hypothesis that "modernization" (societal development) is related to negative perceptions of aging. Results suggest the necessity of differentiating between "modernization" and "modernity" as levels of analysis and of avoiding value-laden assumptions concerning advantages of either traditional or industrial social settings with respect to the position of elders.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an alternative interpretation of the outcome of the Stanford experiment is proposed, and empirical evidence is presented to elucidate and buttress these criticisms, and the alternative interpretation is proposed.
Abstract: Analyzes the Stanford Prison experiment of P. G. Zimbardo et al (1973) and questions, on methodological grounds, various of their inferences. Empirical evidence is presented to elucidate and buttress these criticisms, and an alternative interpretation of the outcome of the Stanford experiment is proposed. (28 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
57 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the payment mechanism for collection of speculative profits was taken into account and the paradox was resolved even when national economies are nearly independent, and the sample size necessary for the effect in question to influence empirical conclusions was investigated.
Abstract: In a recent article, Siegel has called attention to a paradox involving forward foreign exchange rates.' This paradox has been partially resolved in two comments by Roper and Boyer, who assume that national economies are highly interdependent. In the present paper by taking into account the payment mechanism for collection of speculative profits, we are able to resolve the paradox even when national economies are nearly independent. We then investigate the sample size necessary for the effect in question to influence empirical conclusions and find, using historical variances, that we would need hundreds of years of data. Siegel's paradox is based on the fact that for purely mathematical reasons, we cannot simultaneously have the forward dollar price of pounds dtf equal to the expected value E[dta] of the corresponding anticipated future spot rate and the forward pound price of dollars ctf= 1/dtf equal to the expected value E [Cta], even though Cta= 1/dta. As a consequence, there are always expected profit opportunities to speculation on future exchange rates. These profits arise from Jensen's inequality from probability theory and have no apparent economic cause. Roper2 points out that there are two relevant numeraires, dollars and pounds. Jensen's inequality does not guarantee that there will be a speculative strategy with positive expected profits in terms of both numeraires. In fact, if the forward rate lies within the bounds, (1) 1/E [Cta] < 1/Ctf
56 citations
01 Jun 1975-Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science
TL;DR: The self-diffusion coefficient of Fe59 was measured in pyrite and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and found to exhibit an activation energy of 10.0 and 6.4 kcal/mole, respectively, in the temperature range of 100 to 300°C as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The self-diffusion coefficient of Fe59 was measured in pyrite (FeS2) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and found to exhibit an activation energy of 10.0 and 6.4 kcal/mole, respectively, in the temperature range of 100 to 300°C. The self-diffusion of Cu64 and Ag110m
in chalcopyrite yielded activation energies of 12.1 and 17.5 kcal/mole in the same temperature range. The technique of nondestructive measurements is described, and diffusion mechanisms and implications for chemical leaching are discussed.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Guttman-Scalogram analysis is used to validate non-linear hierarchical task networks, such that a single task is often a prerequisite to two or more tasks, or a pair of tasks are often immediately prerequisite to a single higher level task.
Abstract: The works of Gagne and his collaborators (Gagne, 1962, 1968; Gagne & Bassler, 1963; Gagne & Paradise, 1961; Gagne, Mayor, Garstens, & Paradise, 1962) represent the classic examples of research focused upon the specification and validation of hierarchical task networks. As an outgrowth of the interest in task analysis and programmed instruction which characterized the early 1960's, Gagne sought to define hierarchies of tasks which were prerequisite to the performance of various terminal objectives. These hierarchies were posited on the basis of rational analysis and sought to identify the order in which the tasks were learned. The early studies by Gagne and his associates have spawned numerous similar studies (e.g., Cox & Graham, 1966; Ford & Meyer, 1966; Kropp, Stoker, & Bashaw, 1966; Merrill, Barton, & Wood, 1970; Resnick, 1967; Walbesser, 1968; White, 1973). Crucial to the investigation of instructional hierarchies is the need to demonstrate that the hypothesized prerequisite relations among tasks in a hierarchy are confirmed by student learning data. To date, the methodological strategies used to validate hierarchical task networks have been limited by two factors. First, the hierarchies investigated generally have been non-linear in their patterns of prerequisite relationships. That is, the systems of prerequisite relations are such that a single task is often a prerequisite to two or more tasks, or, alternatively, two or more tasks are often immediately prerequisite to a single higher level task. Guttman Scalogram Analysis (Guttman, 1944, 1950) and its extensions (Lingoes, 1963), the most prevalently used methods for ordering tasks into a hierarchy, are constrained to defining only linear orders among tasks (Torgerson, 1958). Thus, Guttman-type methods cannot handle the complexities involved in validating non-linearly ordered task hierarchies (Wang, 1969). A second limitation of prior validation studies is more conceptual than methodological in nature. To date, validation studies have focused attention solely upon those prerequisite relationships posited a priori. Other, non-posited, potential prerequisite relationships among tasks in the hierarchy rarely have been subjected to analysis. To realize the richness inherent in the study of instructional hierarchies and to add rigor to hierarchy validation procedures, it is important to have methodologies which can generate the best fitting hierarchy from a data set independent of any a priori hypothesized hierarchy. Such methodologies would be both theory-generating and theory-confirming. They would be theory-generating in that they would permit data to be analyzed post hoc to determine whether and in what form prerequisite relations exist in the data. Such procedures would be especially helpful in those areas where a paucity of theory prevents a priori definition of hierarchies (Bart & Airasian, 1974). The methodologies would be theory-confirming since they could be used to define the best fitting hierarchical network among a set of tasks. This empirically derived network then could be compared to the hypothesized, a priori network to determine the correspondence between the two. Such a comparison of correspondence would afford a
32 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that a rating based on Outward Bound performance can provide a long-term prediction of recidivism.
Abstract: After participating in an Outward Bound survival training course, 60 male delinquents were evaluated by patrol leaders. Successful students were awarded a certificate and all Ss were then paroled. ...
31 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the aqueous solution equilibria of the copper(II and nickel(II) complexes of glycinamide, glycylglycinamide and glycyl glycyl-gcinamide were determined by pH titration at 25° and I = 0·10 (NaClO 4 ).
29 citations
TL;DR: It was shown that comparable rates was afforded by the fact that events highly active chitinase is held tenaciously in the cuticle late in the pupal molt, i.e. within the final 32 hr so that its activity remains by comparison low in preceding ecdysis, can be timed approximately by molting fluid and epidermal extracts.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the reactions between (h5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2(h2-acenaphthylene)+ BF4− (I) and the nucleophiles methoxide, triphenylphosphine, trimethylamine, iodide, tertbutyl mercaptide and isobutyraldehyde pyrollidine enamine give products resulting from nucleophilic addition to coordinated acenaphTHylene and displacement of acenAPHthylene.
TL;DR: A review of the research literature succeeded in identifying various demographic characteristics of expsychiatric patients that are related to recidivism and posthospital employment.
Abstract: Professionals engaged in psychiatric rehabilitation need to know what specific factors contribute to the success or failure of attempts to reintegrate the psychiatric patient back into the community. A review of the research literature succeeded in identifying various demographic characteristics of expsychiatric patients that are related to recidivism and posthospital employment. A composite picture of patients who are more likely to be recidivists or unemployed (or both) was advanced. The factors that appear to be related to posthospital employment are not consistently the same factors that are related to recidivism.
TL;DR: In this paper, an information processing investigation was performed to quantify the Chevreul pendulum effect: the tendency of a small pendulum, when suspended from the hand and imaginatively concentrated on, to oscillate seemingly of its own accord.
Abstract: An information processing investigation was performed to quantify the Chevreul pendulum effect: the tendency of a small pendulum, when suspended from the hand and imaginatively concentrated on, to oscillate seemingly of its own accord. Using a time exposure photographic measurement technique, electronically automated visual and auditory imaginal prompts were presented to the subject during imaginal processing tasks. It was found that the pendulum effect was enhanced when vision of actual pendulum oscillations was permitted and visual or auditory spatially oscillating stimuli were present. Visual spatially oscillating stimuli were superior to their auditory counterparts. Results were discussed in terms of ideomotor and visual capture interpretations of signal and imaginal processing. Language: en
TL;DR: In this article, a large data base obtained from NASA Convair auroral expeditions is used to illustrate the variability in 6300A/4278A and 5577A/ 4278A ratios in auroras.
Abstract: A large data base obtained from NASA Convair auroral expeditions is used to illustrate the variability in 6300A/4278A and 5577A/4278A ratios in auroras. The variation is well bounded by theoretical curves for characteristic spectral energies between 0.3 and 10 keV, which are typical for auroral precipitation. Coordinated measurements with the OV1-18 satellite show good agreement between the parameters of the precipitating-proton and electron-energy spectra derived from photometric measurements and those measured directly.
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TL;DR: The Massachusetts system of providing court approval for organ and tissue transplants from minor donors as it operates in Massachusetts suggests that the Massachusetts system has not adequately protected minor transplant donors.
Abstract: This article examines the system of providing court approval for organ and tissue transplants from minor donors as it operates in Massachusetts. It focuses principally on the substantive interests of prospective donors and on the extent to which the current procedures afford them adequate protection. It begins by examining the requirement of consent and demonstrates the necessity of judicial authorization of minor donors' participation in transplant procedures. Next, it analyzes the current Massachusetts practice and assess its capacity to afford minor donors adequate protection from the possible dangers of serving as an organ or tissue donor. It suggests that the Massachusetts system has not adequately protected minor transplant donors.This article concludes by proposing a number of reforms in the present practice to increase its capacity to protect minor donors.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors point out that during geomagnetic reversals and excursion, the zones of frequent auroral occurrence will be located at very different geographical positions than at present and that two of the most recent excursions that have been suggested, the Laschamp-Gothenburg and the Lake Mungo events, are dated in upper paleolithic period (ca. 12, 000yr BP and 30, 000r BP respectively).
Abstract: The purpose of this note is to point out: 1) that during geomagnetic reversals and excursion, the zones of frequent auroral occurrence will be located at very different geographical positions than at present; and 2) that two of the most recent excursions that have been suggested, the Laschamp-Gothenburg and the Lake Mungo events, are dated in upper paleolithic period (ca. 12, 000yr BP and 30, 000yr BP respectively (NOEL and TARLING, 1975; MORNER and LANSER, 1975; BARBETTI and MCELHINNY, 1972; FREED and HEALY, 1974)), and could have produced frequent auroral displays to major populations of stone age people. The second point might be important because it opens the possibility that some of the previously uninterpreted artifacts and drawings from this period could be representations of auroral forms.
TL;DR: In this paper, a photolyzing flash was used to detect the transient absorption due to Br − 2, centred at ∼ 3500 A and ∼ 1500 A wide, in agreement with Grossweiner and Matheson.
TL;DR: In this article, an ordering-theoretic method of identifying item hierarchies with scalogram analysis was used in the evaluation of an eight item attitude measure assessed "progressive" and "traditional" views of education.
Abstract: The study compared an ordering-theoretic method of identifying item hierarchies with scalogram analysis in the evaluation of an eight item attitude measure. The attitude measure assessed "progressive" and "traditional" views of education. Data were collected in a survey of a random sample of 178 parents of public school children. The scalogram analysis revealed that the items did not form a unidimensional and cumulative hierarchy. The ordering-theoretic analysis identified a branched, nonlinear hierarchy which had higher reproducibility and scalability than the linear hierarchy identified by the scalogram analysis. The results support the use of ordering theory in defining item hierarchies in attitudinal measures.
TL;DR: In this paper, a behavioral model is presented concerning the application of a number of behavioral techniques to modify the antecedents and consequences of drug-taking behavior such as heroin, amphetamine (intravenously injected), and LSD.
Abstract: It appears that behavioral techniques show some promise in treating drug abuse. Recently the covert conditioning procedures have been employed to modify drug-taking behavior. Covert conditioning procedures involve the manipulation of imagery in a manner similar to the overt operant procedures. The covert conditioning procedures of covert sensitization, covert positive reinforcement, and covert extinction are described, and studies presented where these procedures have been applied to the treatment of drug abuse. The studies cited involve various drug-taking behavior such as heroin, amphetamine (intravenously injected), and LSD. A behavioral model is presented concerning the application of a number of behavioral techniques to modify the antecedents and consequences of drug-taking behavior. It is indicated that a comprehensive drug treatment approach should also use the behavioral procedures to insure educational, vocational, social, and sexual and marital adjustment.
TL;DR: Using the Eysenck Personality Inventory, Extraversion and Neuroticism scores were obtained for 120 college students from two-child families and it is suggested thatextraversion and neuroticism are influenced by position in the two- child family.
Abstract: Using the Eysenck Personality Inventory, Extraversion and Neuroticism scores were obtained for 120 college students from two-child families. When the effects of birth order and sex of S were examined, a significant interaction occurred for Extraversion, with firstborn males and second-born females reporting higher scores. Higher Neuroticism scores occurred for Ss with opposite-sexed siblings than for those with the same-sexed sibling. Results suggest that Extraversion and Neuroticism are influenced by position in the two-child family.
TL;DR: A new method of separating isotopes in a gaseous mixture that takes advantage of the differences in velocities of isotopic species in a molecular beam formed by expansion of the mixture with a light gas from a nozzle source is described.
Abstract: A new method of separating isotopes in a gaseous mixture is described. The method takes advantage of the differences in velocities of isotopic species in a molecular beam formed by expansion of the mixture with a light gas from a nozzle source. For the separation of the hexafluorides of uranium-235 and uranium-238 the technique has an estimated separative work factor about 500 times higher than the gaseous diffusion process and 100 times higher than the curved-jet method.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed that professional, technical, and kindred persons who emigrate from less developed countries be subjected to a special tax on the income they earn in developed countries.
TL;DR: The manifold torments of the Third World press themselves upon all of us for solution as mentioned in this paper, and how lawyers respond to these torments should define the domain of the study of law and development.
Abstract: The manifold torments of the Third World press themselves upon all of us for solution. Poverty, disease, oppression, early death: this is the fate of most of mankind. Today all the world plucks at the sleeves of the academy, asking, What do you know? What are you good for? 1 Any answer must include a statement of the discipline's response to the troubles that beset the less-developed countries. How lawyers respond ought to define the domain of the study of law and development.
TL;DR: Work is a powerful force in our lives as discussed by the authors and it is one of man's strongest ties to reing significant economic losses because of its importance in man's life, it is also one of the most important factors that most adults spend more time at of employees wth problems.
Abstract: 464 Work is a powerful force in our lives. 2. Business and industry are suffer It is one of man's strongest ties to reing significant economic losses because ality. Most adults spend more time at of employees wjth problems. It is es work and in work-related activities timated that a minimum of 10 percent than they do on any other activity, inof the workforce has serious problems eluding sleep. Recent research has beat any time.6 Studies done on employ gun to explore the centrality of the ees who are alcoholics indicate that 25 work experience as well as the indipercent of the salary of such employees vidual and social functions it prois lost owing to sickness, absenteeism, vides.1 It is work, for example, that accidents, poor judgment, and, in gen meets the basic need of economic sureral, deteriorating job performance, vival as well as other human needs If, as some claim, profits are the dom such as satisfaction, social status, and inating force in the world of work, emotional security. Work is such an then business and industry have a stake overwhelming factor that most people in rehabilitating its employees. The still organize their lives around the supposed value conflict between the struggle to make a living. Where we profit-making philosophy of business live, how we live, and whom we see and the helping philosophy of social socially are to a great extent dominated work could thus be merged into a corn by the work we do.2 mon concern to deal with the same Thus work is an important factor in problem. After the largely disappoint the well-being and proper functioning ing and superficial commitment of of the individual. How then has social business to the nation's social problems work integrated or dealt with the naof the sixties, business has now begun ture or function of work? A cursory to focus on the human and financial examination of both the literature and losses of its own employees.7 the field reveals neither a theoretical In turning its attention toward the nor practice framework. Some atwork environment, social work could tempts have been made during the past use an already established framework few years, but there has been no orga—the concept of "person-in-situation" nized effort that would constitute a sig—which relates to the whole human nificant trend in the profession.3 Efbeing within a fluid real-life situation.8 forts to account for social work's lack Looking at the person constantly mov of involvement might be traced to hising between home and work offers a torical developments, lack of leadernew perspective to achieve proper ship, or even value conflicts. Some functioning and equilibrium while fo have seen any attempt to work in an cusing on additional entry points to ef industrial or business setting as a feet change. Problems that show up in direct threat to the profession's values the work environment often have cau and a sellout to the evils of capitalism.4 sal or symptomatic links to the outside Rather than dismissing the work enenvironment. What can be hidden vironment too quickly, it might be within the privacy of the home often worthwhile to look at some critical will show up in a declining or irregu factors which indicate that the work lar job performance. Likewise, prob environment and workers are searchlems not apparent to the existing so ing for assistance in meeting human cial service delivery network manifest needs. themselves in the not-so-private site of 1. Employees and public interest the job. Through intervention in the groups are beginning to insist that buswork environment, social work can re iness and industry recognize and deal alize a new point of entry into people's with more than productivity. A recent lives as well as a new field of action in survey by the American Management which people can be helped to resolve Association in New York City of 2,821 their problems. upperand lower-management perHow then can the social work pro sonnel indicated that 90 percent fession begin to institutionalize its ser thought corporations should be convices in the work environment? This cerned with the total person, not just article examines a growing movement with daily output.5 in the work environment—the em
TL;DR: This paper reviewed the alternative meanings of the term "poverty" implicit in the measurement procedures suggested, and concluded that caution is required when making comparisons between studies using different measures of poverty.
Abstract: There is great diversity among studies of the poor in the way poverty is measured. The present study reviews the alternative meanings of the term “poverty” implicit in the measurement procedures suggested. Drawing upon a five year panel study based on a national sample, a comparison is made among sixteen alternative measures of poverty. On the basis of this analysis we conclude that caution is required when making comparisons between studies using different measures of poverty. Of particular note is the evidence that measures which draw the poverty line high differ from those which draw it low, that measures based on low income differ from those based on SES, and that measures based on welfare status differ from those not so based.