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Showing papers by "Boston College published in 1990"


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1990
TL;DR: It is shown how the high-level synthesis task can be decomposed into a number of distinct but not independent subtasks.
Abstract: High-level synthesis systems start with an abstract behavioral specification of a digital system and find a register-transfer level structure that realizes the given behavior. The various tasks involved in developing a register-transfer level structure from an algorithmic level specification are described. In particular, it is shown how the high-level synthesis task can be decomposed into a number of distinct but not independent subtasks. The techniques that have been developed for solving those subtasks are presented. Areas related to high-level synthesis that are still open problems are examined. >

639 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that Immerman's families of circuits defined by first-order formulas and a uniformity corresponding to Buss' deterministic log-time reductions are equivalent, leading to a natural notion of uniformity for low-level circuit complexity classes.

536 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of uniform price restrictions and distribution restrictions on the allocation of oversubscribed issues was studied and it was shown that underwriters, given the opportunity to allocate IPOs among both regular and retail investors, would maximize proceeds by using a combination of price and allocation discrimination.

458 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effects of evaluation expectation and the presence of others on creativity, and found that creativity was lower in the groups expecting evaluation than those not expecting evaluation.
Abstract: Two experiments examined the effects of evaluation expectation and the presence of others on creativity. In both experiments, some subjects expected that their work would be evaluated by experts, and others expected no evaluation. Evaluation expectation was crossed, in each experiment, with the presence of others. In the first experiment, the presence of others was operationalized as coaction; half of the subjects worked individually in small groups, and the others worked alone. In the second experiment, the presence of others was operationalized as surveillance; half of the subjects believed they were being watched while working. In both studies, subsequent creativity ratings of subjects’ products were made by expert judges. Effects of evaluation expectation were consistently strong. On a verbal task in Study 1 and an artistic task in Study 2, creativity was lower in the groups expecting evaluation than those not expecting evaluation. Evidence for the social facilitation or social inhibition of...

396 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper is the first to analyze systematically user equilibrium, system optimum, and various pricing regimes for a simple network of routes in parallel for traffic congestion during the morning commute.
Abstract: Most theoretical studies of traffic congestion during the morning commute have been limited to one origin, one destination, and one route. This paper is the first to analyze systematically user equilibrium, system optimum, and various pricing regimes for a simple network of routes in parallel. Departure time and route decisions of commuters are assumed to be governed by the tradeoff between travel time and schedule delay (the difference between actual and desired arrival time). In equilibrium without tolls wasteful queuing occurs, although the numbers of drivers on each route is the same as in the system optimum. An optimal time-varying toll eliminates queuing without affecting route usage. Uniform and step tolls alter route usage, but only slightly. Step tolls generally yield much greater efficiency gains than uniform tolls because they reduce queuing by altering departure times.

321 citations


Book
Robert B. Reich1
01 Oct 1990
TL;DR: The Power of Public Ideas as mentioned in this paper offers a controversial, timely, and incisive analysis of the impact of the public interest on governmental policy making, with essays by an impressive roster of experts.
Abstract: Edited and contributed to by one of America s most respected political and economic thinkers, and containing essays by an impressive roster of experts, "The Power of Public Ideas" offers a controversial, timely, and incisive analysis of the impact of the public interest on governmental policy making."

280 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Donald Cox1
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between inter vivos intergenerational transfers and liquidity constraints was investigated and empirical transfer patterns matched those predicted from a model in which transfers are allocated to liquidity-constrained consumers.
Abstract: A growing body of evidence indicates that liquidity constraints could affect a substantial proportion of U. S. consumers, but little is known about why these constraints might exist. An important, but little-explored, issue is the relationship between inter vivos intergenerational transfers and liquidity constraints. These transfers can ease borrowing constraints. Empirical transfer patterns match those predicted from a model in which transfers are allocated to liquidity-constrained consumers. In particular, the distinction between current and permanent incomes of potential recipients is a key aspect of private-transfer behavior. The findings have important implications for our understanding of consumer behavior.

273 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A pervasive insensitivity of RHD patients to alternative interpretations of linguistic units, and a special role for the intact right hemisphere in lexical-semantic processes related to metaphor comprehension are suggested.

272 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a large system of limit-cycle oscillators with mean-field coupling and randomly distributed natural frequencies is analyzed, and it is shown that when the coupling is sufficiently strong and the distribution of frequencies has sufficiently large variance, the system undergoes "amplitude death".
Abstract: We analyze a large system of limit-cycle oscillators with mean-field coupling and randomly distributed natural frequencies. We prove that when the coupling is sufficiently strong and the distribution of frequencies has sufficiently large variance, the system undergoes “amplitude death”-the oscillators pull each other off their limit cycles and into the origin, which in this case is astable equilibrium point for the coupled system. We determine the region in couplingvariance space for which amplitude death is stable, and present the first proof that the infinite system provides an accurate picture of amplitude death in the large but finite system.

257 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This prospective study investigated the association of SOC (assessed by Antonovsky's measure) with life stress and symptoms and found SOC was correlated negatively with life Stress and Symptoms and appeared to mitigate the impact of life stress.
Abstract: Antonovsky (1987) has proposed the Sense of Coherence (SOC) as a global perceptual predisposition in responding to life stress. Composed of comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness, this construct has been associated with more adaptive coping in previous cross-sectional studies. This prospective study (N = 95) investigated the association of SOC (assessed by Antonovsky's measure) with life stress and symptoms. SOC was correlated negatively with life stress and symptoms and appeared to mitigate the impact of life stress. SOC was not found to be a buffer variable. Implications of these findings are presented, as are methodological issues that concern Antonovsky's measure.

216 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The impact of institutional ownership on strategic management may not be neutral, as institutional investors may have a shortened timeframe for critical decisions made on the basis of limited knowledge of the firms or industries in which they operate.
Abstract: Executive Overview Institutional owners are taking a more active role in strategic decision-making in American corporations. In this article, the research that has been done in this area is summarized. We argue that the impact of institutional ownership on strategic management may not be neutral, as institutional investors may have a shortened timeframe for critical decisions made on the basis of limited knowledge of the firms or industries in which they operate. This article discusses the implications of the shift toward institutional control of corporations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is evidence to suggest that dopaminergic amacrine cells bring the surround response into the rod system through synapses with the rod isacrine cell, and that an indoleamine, probably serotonin, increases the signal in the ON pathway through a feedback synapse onto the rod bipolar terminal.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new predictive engineering model for the interplanetary fluence of protons with above 10 MeV and above 30 MeV was described, and the results do not depend critically on the fluence from any one event and are independent of sunspot number.
Abstract: A new predictive engineering model for the interplanetary fluence of protons with above 10 MeV and above 30 MeV is described. The data set used is a combination of observations made from the earth's surface and from above the atmosphere between 1956 and 1963 and observations made from spacecraft in the vicinity of earth between 1963 and 1985. The data cover a time period three times as long as the period used in earlier models. With the use of this data set the distinction between 'ordinary proton events' and 'anomalously large events' made in earlier work disappears. This permitted the use of statistical analysis methods developed for 'ordinary events' on the entire data set. The greater than 10 MeV fluences at 1 AU calculated with the new model are about twice those expected on the basis of models now in use. At energies above 30 MeV, the old and new models agree. In contrast to earlier models, the results do not depend critically on the fluence from any one event and are independent of sunspot number. Mission probability curves derived from the fluence distribution are presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article found that investment-banker advisory fees in tender offers average 1.29% of the value of a completed transaction, far below the levels often alluded to in the business press.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The liability of corporate officials remains controversial as mentioned in this paper, as corporate directors and officers are being personally sued with increasing frequency for a broad array of alleged offenses, ranging from breach of the commonlaw duty of loyalty to shareholders, to violations of federal securities laws, to looting the corporate treasury, and even the failure to exercise reasonable care in the selection of a depository bank.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The existence of multipole surface-plasmon modes at simple-metal surfaces is demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically and the multipole mode is shown to be too weak to be observable in electron-loss spectroscopy.
Abstract: The existence of multipole surface-plasmon modes at simple-metal surfaces is demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically. Inelastic reflection electron-scattering experiments on smooth films of K and Na show loss peaks originating from the ordinary surface plasmon as well as from a higher-energy multipole mode. Microscopic density-functional calculations of the electron-loss function reproduce the energy and momentum dispersion of both of these surface modes. For Al, the multipole mode is shown to be too weak to be observable in electron-loss spectroscopy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the surface plasmon is the best known normal mode of the electrons at the surface of simple metals, like Na, K and Cs, and the origin and physical properties of this multipole mode as well as the Surface Plasmon Mode are described.

Journal ArticleDOI
Karen J. Aroian1
TL;DR: Analysis of interview data provided by 25 Polish immigrants, who resided in the United States ranging from 4 months to 39 years, allowed the construction of a model describing migrants' psychological adaptation that provides assessment parameters and direction for intervening with migrants who are distressed.
Abstract: The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the implications of migration for emotional status over time. Analysis of interview data provided by 25 Polish immigrants, who resided in the United States ranging from 4 months to 39 years, allowed the construction of a model describing migrants' psychological adaptation. Loss and disruption, novelty, occupational adjustment, language accommodation, and subordination were described as predominant aspects of migration and resettlement. Psychological adaptation required the dual task of resolving grief over losses and disruption involved with leaving Poland and of mastering resettlement conditions associated with novelty, occupation, language, and subordination. The model provides assessment parameters and direction for intervening with migrants who are distressed. The model may also be generalized to other types of life change as well.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The power of NUDFA's over nilpotent groups is characterized and some optimal lower bounds for NUD FA's over certain groups which are solvable but not nilpotsent are proved.
Abstract: A new model, non-uniform deterministic finite automata (NUDFA's) over general finite monoids, has recently been developed as a strong link between the theory of finite automata and low-level parallel complexity. Achievements of this model include the proof that width 5 branching programs recognize exactly the languages in non-uniform NC1, NUDFA characterizations of several important subclasses of NC1, and a new proof of the old result that the dot-dephth hierarchy is infinite, using M. Sipser's (1983, in “Proceedings, 15th ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computing,” Association for Computing Machinery, New York, pp. 61–69) work on constant depth circuits. Here we extend this theory to NUDFA's over solvable groups (NUDFA's over non-solvable groups have the maximum possible computing power). We characterize the power of NUDFA's over nilpotent groups and prove some optimal lower bounds for NUDFA's over certain groups which are solvable but not nilpotent. Most of these results appeared in preliminary form in ( D. A. Barrington and D. Therien, 1987 , in “Automata, Languages, and Programming: 14th International Colloquium,” Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 163–173).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A model is proposed for homotropic cooperativity in aspartate transcarbamoylase that suggests that the allosteric transition occurs in a concerted fashion.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the presence of biphenylenediol 8 accelerates the rate of some Diels-Alder reactions, and a complex involving two hydrogen bonds is proposed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The combination of palladium-catalyzed intramolecular biaryl coupling with enantioselective dihydroxylation of achiral stilbenes provides an efficient, two-step route to the chiral 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenediol unit of the pradimicins and benanomicins as mentioned in this paper.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The application of mathematical programming techniques to optimization in simulation, response surface methodology and designs, perturbation analysis, and frequency domain simulation experiments are discussed.
Abstract: Simulation is commonly used to find the best values of decision variables for problems which defy analytical solutions. This objective is similar to that of optimization problems and thus, mathematical programming techniques may be applied to simulation. However, the application of mathematical programming techniques, e.g., the gradient methods, to simulation is compounded by the random nature of simulation responses and by the complexity of the statistical issues involved. The literature relevant to optimization in simulation is scattered, and no comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of the subject is presently available. To that end, this article brings together numerous concepts related to t he problem of optimization in simulation. Specifically, it discusses the application of mathematical programming techniques to optimization in simulation, response surface methodology and designs, perturbation analysis, and frequency domain simulation experiments. The article provides a user with an overview of the available optimization techniues and identifies future research possibilities.

Journal ArticleDOI
Diane E. Robertson1, Mary F. Roberts1, N Belay1, K O Stetter1, D. R. Boone1 
TL;DR: Levels of beta-glutamate in cells of Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus showed that levels of that species were not affected by variation in growth temperature, which suggests that they function as osmolytes in these cells.
Abstract: The unusual compound beta-aminoglutaric acid (beta-glutamate) has been identified by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in soluble extracts of marine methanogenic bacteria. We examined several methanogen species representing nine genera and found that beta-glutamate occurred in methanococci and two methanogenium strains (Methanogenium cariaci JR1 and "Methanogenium anulus" AN9). The presence of this compound in the methanococci examined was further restricted to thermophilic members of the genus Methanococcus, including Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus strains, Methanococcus jannaschii, and "Methanococcus igneus." The two Methanogenium strains examined were mesophiles. Studies using Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus showed that levels of beta-glutamate in cells of that species were not affected by variation in growth temperature (40 to 65 degrees C), NH4+ (2 to 80 mM), Mg2+ (10 to 50 mM), or K+ (2 to 10 mM) in the medium. In contrast, soluble pools of beta-glutamate and L-alpha-glutamate (the other major free amino acid in all the methanococci) were proportional to NaCl levels in the growth medium. This dependence of beta-glutamate and L-alpha-glutamate concentrations on salt levels in the medium suggests that they function as osmolytes in these cells.

Journal ArticleDOI
Kevin M. Carragee1
TL;DR: The authors define the major theoretical influences on interpretive approaches in mass communication, examine the central concepts of these perspectives and provide a critique of these approaches. But they also hold that researchers often have unquestioningly adopted premises and concepts from a variety of disciplines.
Abstract: Described by their proponents as an alternative to positivistic perspectives on media effects that ignore audience activity, interpretive approaches center on the interpretive processes employed by audience members in their decoding of media content. Meaning is viewed as a product of the interaction between media texts and the varied, at times contradictory, interpretive strategies employed by audience members. This article defines the major theoretical influences on interpretive approaches in mass communication, examines the central concepts of these perspectives and provides a critique of these approaches. In criticizing these perspectives, this article holds that researchers often have unquestioningly adopted premises and concepts from a variety of disciplines. More broadly, the adoption of interpretive approaches in mass communication has ignored varied critiques of interpretive social science.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new approach for the calculation of the dielectric response functions for various strongly coupled Coulomb systems, whose main common feature is that the charges are quasilocalized, and derives the longitudinal-plasmon dispersions for arbitrary k values for the three- and two-dimensional one-component plasmas.
Abstract: We present a new approach for the calculation of the dielectric response functions for various strongly coupled Coulomb systems, whose main common feature is that the charges are quasilocalized. Such a model is expected to be a valid description of a strongly coupled plasma in the \ensuremath{\Gamma}\ensuremath{\gg}1 limit. The dielectric function \ensuremath{\epsilon}(k\ensuremath{\omega}) and the longitudinal plasmon dispersion \ensuremath{\omega}(k) appear as functionals of the equilibrium pair-correlation functions. We derive the longitudinal-plasmon dispersions for arbitrary k values for the three- and two-dimensional one-component plasmas; both of them saturate after an oscillatory behavior substantially below their random-phase approximation value for large k values. In two-component systems correlational effects bring about marked upward and downward shifts in the plasma frequency \ensuremath{\omega}(k=0). We find good agreement with molecular-dynamics data for ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$-${\mathrm{H}}^{2+}$ mixtures and predict a more significant shift for ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$--high-Z mixtures.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Proof of such a transport system was provided by growing Methanogenium cariaci on yeast-free medium supplemented with betaine, which suggested that the betaine which accumulated inside the cells was not synthesized de novo but was transported in from the medium.
Abstract: Trimethyl glycine (glycine betaine) was detected by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at high intracellular concentrations in several methanogens (Methanogenium cariaci, "Methanogenium anulus" AN9, Methanohalophilus zhilinae, Methanohalophilus mahii, and Methanococcus voltae) grown on marine media containing yeast extract. 13C labeling studies with Methanogenium cariaci suggested that the betaine which accumulated inside the cells was not synthesized de novo but was transported in from the medium. Proof of such a transport system was provided by growing Methanogenium cariaci on yeast-free medium supplemented with betaine. Under these conditions, betaine was the dominant osmoregulator.

Journal ArticleDOI
Mark Coleman1
TL;DR: In this paper, the existence of Granger-causal orderings among cointegrated series is shown to imply that asset prices determined in a weakly efficient market cannot be co-integrated.