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Showing papers by "Boston College published in 2005"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined how aspects of intellectual capital influenced various innovative capabilities in organizations and found that human, organizational, and social capital and their interrelationships selectively influenced incremental and radical innovative capabilities.
Abstract: We examined how aspects of intellectual capital influenced various innovative capabilities in organizations. In a longitudinal, multiple-informant study of 93 organizations, we found that human, organizational, and social capital and their interrelationships selectively influenced incremental and radical innovative capabilities. As anticipated, organizational capital positively influenced incremental innovative capability, while human capital interacted with social capital to positively influence radical innovative capability. Counter to our expectations, however, human capital by itself was negatively associated with radical innovative capability. Interestingly, social capital played a significant role in both types of innovation, as it positively influenced incremental and radical innovative capabilities. It is widely accepted that an organization’s capability to innovate is closely tied to its intellectual capital, or its ability to utilize its knowledge resources. Several studies have underscored how new products embody organizational knowledge (e.g., Stewart, 1997), described innovation as a

3,008 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A key claim made in this paper is that centrality measures can be regarded as generating expected values for certain kinds of node outcomes given implicit models of how traffic flows, and that this provides a new and useful way of thinking about centrality.

2,834 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Li et al. as mentioned in this paper showed that the private sector grows much faster than the other three sectors and provides most of the economy's growth, while the law-finance growth nexus applies to the State Sector and the Listed Sector, with arguably poorer applicable legal and financial mechanisms.

2,721 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Matteo Iacoviello1
TL;DR: This paper developed a general equilibrium model with sticky prices, credit constraints, nominal loans and asset prices, and found that monetary policy should not target asset prices as a means of reducing output and inflation volatility.
Abstract: I develop a general equilibrium model with sticky prices, credit constraints, nominal loans and asset prices. Changes in asset prices modify agents’ borrowing capacity through collateral value; changes in nominal prices affect real repayments through debt deflation. Monetary policy shocks move asset and nominal prices in the same direction, and are amplified and propagated over time. The “financial accelerator” is not constant across shocks: nominal debt stabilises supply shocks, making the economy less volatile when the central bank controls the interest rate. I discuss the role of equity, debt indexation and household and firm leverage in the propagation mechanism. Finally, I find that monetary policy should not target asset prices as a means of reducing output and inflation volatility.

2,382 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is proposed that basic emotion theories no longer explain adequately the vast number of empirical observations from studies in affective neuroscience, and it is suggested that a conceptual shift is needed in the empirical approaches taken to the study of emotion and affective psychopathologies.
Abstract: The circumplex model of affect proposes that all affective states arise from cognitive interpretations of core neural sensations that are the product of two independent neurophysiological systems. This model stands in contrast to theories of basic emotions, which posit that a discrete and independent neural system subserves every emotion. We propose that basic emotion theories no longer explain adequately the vast number of empirical observations from studies in affective neuroscience, and we suggest that a conceptual shift is needed in the empirical approaches taken to the study of emotion and affective psychopathologies. The circumplex model of affect is more consistent with many recent findings from behavioral, cognitive neuroscience, neuroimaging, and developmental studies of affect. Moreover, the model offers new theoretical and empirical approaches to studying the development of affective disorders as well as the genetic and cognitive underpinnings of affective processing within the central nervous system.

1,910 citations


Posted Content
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine whether managers delay disclosure of bad news relative to good news and find that the negative stock price reaction to bad news disclosures is greater than the magnitude of the positive stock price response to positive news disclosures.
Abstract: In this study, we examine whether managers delay disclosure of bad news relative to good news. If managers accumulate and withhold bad news up to a certain threshold, but leak and immediately reveal good news to investors, then we expect the magnitude of the negative stock price reaction to bad news disclosures to be greater than the magnitude of the positive stock price reaction to good news disclosures. We present evidence consistent with this prediction. Our analysis suggests that management, on average, delays the release of bad news to investors.

1,267 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development (PYD) as mentioned in this paper, a longitudinal investigation of a diverse sample of 1,700 fifth graders and 1,117 of their parents, tests developmental contextual ideas linking PYD, youth contributions, and participation in community youth development (YD) programs.
Abstract: The 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development (PYD), a longitudinal investigation of a diverse sample of 1,700 fifth graders and 1,117 of their parents, tests developmental contextual ideas linking PYD, youth contributions, and participation in community youth development (YD) programs, representing a key ecological asset. Using data from Wave 1 of the study, structural equation modeling procedures provided evidence for five firstorder latent factors representing the “Five Cs” of PYD (competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring) and for their convergence on a second-order PYD latent construct. A theoretical construct, youth contribution, was also created and examined. Both PYD and YD program participation independently related to contribution. The importance of longitudinal analyses for extending the present results is discussed.

1,174 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between satisfaction and repurchase behavior is moderated by customer, relational, and marketplace characteristics, and the authors further hypothesize that the moderating effects emerge if repurchase is measured as objective behavior but not if it is defined as repurchase intentions.
Abstract: In this research, the authors propose that the relationship between satisfaction and repurchase behavior is moderated by customer, relational, and marketplace characteristics. They further hypothesize that the moderating effects emerge if repurchase is measured as objective behavior but not if it is measured as repurchase intentions. To test for systematic differences in effects, the authors estimate identical models using both longitudinal repurchase measures and survey measures as the dependent variable. The results suggest that the relationship between customer satisfaction and repurchase behavior is contingent on the moderating effects of convenience, competitive intensity, customer involvement, and household income. As the authors predicted, the results are significantly different for self-reported repurchase intentions and objective repurchase behavior. The conceptual framework and empirical findings reinforce the importance of moderating influences and offer new insights that enhance the understanding of what drives repurchase behavior.

881 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors provided building-block propositions for creating useful theories of decision making by travelers via a qualitative review of the tourist decision-making literature, and described trends in developing traveler destination choice models.

834 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The positive youth development (PYD) perspective is a strength-based conception of adolescence as discussed by the authors, which is derived from developmental systems theory and stressed that PYD emerges when the potential plasticity of human development is aligned with developmental assets.
Abstract: The positive youth development (PYD) perspective is a strength-based conception of adolescence. Derived from developmental systems theory, the perspective stressed that PYD emerges when the potential plasticity of human development is aligned with developmental assets. The research reported in this special issue, which is derived from collaborations among multiple university and community-based laboratories, reflects and extends past theory and research by documenting empirically (a) the usefulness of applying this strength-based view of adolescent development within diverse youth and communities; (b) the adequacy of conceptualizing PYD through Five Cs (competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring); (c) the individual and ecological developmental assets associated with PYD; and (d) implications for community programs and social policies pertinent to youth.

723 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors integrate research from the sexuality, illness, and racial diversity literature, as well as the stigma, disclosure, and identity literature, to create a generalized model of invisible identity management.
Abstract: Invisible social identities influence social interaction in distinct ways and create unique dynamics in terms of identity management. We integrate research from the sexuality, illness, and racial diversity literature, as well as the stigma, disclosure, and identity literature, to create a generalized model of invisible identity management. We focus specifically on revealing and passing strategies of identity management and conclude by discussing the implications of invisible differences for diversity research.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Differences in contact-prejudice relationships among members of minority and majority status groups are examined, using data from a larger meta-analytic study of the effects of intergroup contact.
Abstract: Considerable research has shown that greater intergroup contact corresponds with lower intergroup prejudice, yet little is known regarding how the relationships between contact and prejudice may vary for members of minority and majority status groups. The present research examined differences in contact-prejudice relationships among members of minority and majority status groups, using data from a larger meta-analytic study of the effects of intergroup contact. Results indicate that the relationships between contact and prejudice tend to be weaker among members of minority status groups than among members of majority status groups. Moreover, establishing Allport's (1954) proposed conditions for optimal intergroup contact significantly predicts stronger contact-prejudice relationships among members of majority status groups, but not among members of minority status groups. Implications of these findings for future research on contact between minority and majority status groups are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article developed a stochastic, general equilibrium, two-country model of trade and macroeconomic dynamics and provided an endogenous, microfounded explanation for a HarrodBalassa-Samuelson effect in response to aggregate productivity differentials and deregulation.
Abstract: We develop a stochastic, general equilibrium, two-country model of trade and macroeconomic dynamics. Productivity differs across individual, monopolistically competitive firms in each country. Firms face a sunk entry cost in the domestic market and both fixed and per-unit export costs. Only relatively more productive firms export. Exogenous shocks to aggregate productivity and entry or trade costs induce firms to enter and exit both their domestic and export markets, thus altering the composition of consumption baskets across countries over time. In a world of flexible prices, our model generates endogenously persistent deviations from PPP that would not exist absent our microeconomic structure with heterogeneous firms. It provides an endogenous, microfounded explanation for a HarrodBalassa-Samuelson effect in response to aggregate productivity differentials and deregulation. Finally, the model successfully matches several moments of U. S. and international business cycles.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used newly assembled data on regulation in several sectors of many OECD countries to provide evidence that regulatory reform of product markets is associated with an increase in investment.
Abstract: use newly assembled data on regulation in several sectors of many OECD countries to provide evidence that regulatory reform of product markets is associated with an increase in investment. A component of reform that plays a very important role is entry liberalization, but privatization also has a substantial effect on investment. Sensitivity analysis suggests that our results are robust. (JEL: E22, L5)

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A cognitive theory from general literature on help-seeking in “stigmatizing” situations suggests three relevant processes or stages of seeking help in the IPV context: defining the problem, deciding to seek help, and selecting a source of support.
Abstract: This paper suggests a conceptual framework for understanding the processes of help-seeking among survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). A cognitive theory from general literature on help-seeking in "stigmatizing" situations suggests three relevant processes or stages of seeking help in the IPV context: defining the problem, deciding to seek help, and selecting a source of support. Individual, interpersonal, and sociocultural factors that influence decision-making at each of these stages are discussed and illustrated with case examples.

Journal ArticleDOI
Andy Hargreaves1
TL;DR: This article examined the relationship of the emotions of teaching to teachers' age and career stages based on experiences of educational change and found that teachers respond emotionally to educational change at different ages and stages of career.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A highly efficient molecular delivery technique, named nanotube spearing, based on the penetration of nickel-embedded nanotubes into cell membranes by magnetic field driving is reported, achieving an unprecedented high transduction efficiency in Bal17 B-lymphoma, ex vivo B cells and primary neurons with high viability after transduction.
Abstract: Introduction of exogenous DNA into mammalian cells represents a powerful approach for manipulating signal transduction. The available techniques, however, are limited by low transduction efficiency and low cell viability after transduction. Here we report a highly efficient molecular delivery technique, named nanotube spearing, based on the penetration of nickel-embedded nanotubes into cell membranes by magnetic field driving. DNA plasmids containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) sequence were immobilized onto the nanotubes, and subsequently speared into targeted cells. We have achieved an unprecedented high transduction efficiency in Bal17 B-lymphoma, ex vivo B cells and primary neurons with high viability after transduction. This technique may provide a powerful tool for highly efficient gene transfer into a variety of cells, especially the hard-to-transfect cells.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a framework for environmental supply chain strategy decision-making and suggest guidelines for how companies might change their current supply chain practices to successfully integrate environmental issues into their supply chain strategies.
Abstract: The decisions related to managing the supply chain and supply chain strategy are already considered important in many organizations. As more executives adopt environmental practices, supply chain strategies will only increase in importance. In this paper, we review how companies develop environmental supply chain strategies. Our interviews with companies from The United States, The United Kingdom, Japan and Korea, along with prior research, are used to develop a framework for environmental supply chain strategy decision-making. We then use this framework to suggest guidelines for how companies might change their current supply chain practices to successfully integrate environmental issues into their supply chain strategy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

Journal ArticleDOI
Mary F. Roberts1
TL;DR: The range of solutes, their diverse biosynthetic pathways, and physical properties of the solutes that effect molecular stability are reviewed.
Abstract: Microorganisms that adapt to moderate and high salt environments use a variety of solutes, organic and inorganic, to counter external osmotic pressure. The organic solutes can be zwitterionic, noncharged, or anionic (along with an inorganic cation such as K+). The range of solutes, their diverse biosynthetic pathways, and physical properties of the solutes that effect molecular stability are reviewed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors offer a methodological critique in support of arguments that racial categories should be replaced as explanatory constructs in psychological research and theory and discuss the implications for changing the study of race in psychology.
Abstract: The primary purpose of this article was to offer a methodological critique in support of arguments that racial categories should be replaced as explanatory constructs in psychological research and theory. To accomplish this goal, the authors (a) summarized arguments for why racial categories should be replaced; (b) used principles of the scientific method to show that racial categories lack conceptual meaning; (c) identified common errors in researchers' measurement, statistical analyses, and interpretation of racial categories as independent variables; and (d) used hierarchical regression analysis to illustrate a strategy for replacing racial categories in research designs with conceptual variables. Implications for changing the study of race in psychology are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Daily reports of interactions in marriage were used to examine predictions from the conceptualization of intimacy as the outcome of an interpersonal process and multivariate multilevel modeling revealed self-disclosure and partner disclosure both significantly and uniquely contributed to the contemporaneous prediction of intimacy.
Abstract: This study used daily reports of interactions in marriage to examine predictions from the conceptualization of intimacy as the outcome of an interpersonal process. Both partners of 96 married couples completed daily diaries assessing self-disclosure, partner disclosure, perceived partner responsiveness, and intimacy on each of 42 consecutive days. Multivariate multilevel modeling revealed that self-disclosure and partner disclosure both significantly and uniquely contributed to the contemporaneous prediction of intimacy. Perceived partner responsiveness partially mediated the effects of self-disclosure and partner disclosure on intimacy. Global marital satisfaction, relationship intimacy, and demand-withdraw communication were related to daily levels of intimacy. Implications for the importance of perceived partner responsiveness in the intimacy process for married partners are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
Jushan Bai1, Serena Ng1
TL;DR: Combini et al. as discussed by the authors presented the sampling distributions for the coefficient of skewness, kurtosis, and a joint test of normality for time series observations for serially correlated data.
Abstract: We present the sampling distributions for the coefficient of skewness, kurtosis, and a joint test of normality for time series observations. We show that when the data are serially correlated, consistent estimates of three-dimensional long-run covariance matrices are needed for testing symmetry or kurtosis. These tests can be used to make inference about any conjectured coefficients of skewness and kurtosis. In the special case of normality, a joint test for the skewness coefficient of 0 and a kurtosis coefficient of 3 can be obtained on construction of a four-dimensional long-run covariance matrix. The tests are developed for demeaned data, but the statistics have the same limiting distributions when applied to regression residuals. Monte Carlo simulations show that the test statistics for symmetry and normality have good finite-sample size and power. However, size distortions render testing for kurtosis almost meaningless except for distributions with thin tails, such as the normal distribution. Combini...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A reading of the current state of the field of teacher education, identifying current reforms, emerging trends, and new underlying premises has been offered by as discussed by the authors, who argue that a new teacher education has been emerging with three closely coupled pieces: it is constructed as a public policy problem, based on research and evidence, and driven by outcomes.
Abstract: This article offers a reading of the current state of the field of teacher education, identifying current reforms, emerging trends, and new underlying premises The author argues that a “new teacher education” has been emerging with three closely coupled pieces: It is constructed as a public policy problem, based on research and evidence, and driven by outcomes Illustrating and critiquing each of these pieces, the article makes the case that the new teacher education is both for the better and for the worse The article concludes that education scholars who care about public education must challenge the narrowest aspects of the emerging new teacher education, building on its most promising aspects and working with others to change the terms of the debate

Journal ArticleDOI
Jeffrey Pontiff1
TL;DR: This article showed that idiosyncratic risk is the single largest cost faced by arbitrageurs and argued that arbitrage costs prevent rational traders from fully eliminating inefficiencies, and that mispricing will only exist to the extent that transaction and holding costs prevent them from completely eliminating inefficiency.
Abstract: Transaction and holding costs make arbitrage costly. If some traders are rational, mispricing will only exist to the extent that arbitrage costs prevent rational traders from fully eliminating inefficiencies. Although the relation between mispricing and transaction costs is well-known, the relation between mispricing and holding costs is misunderstood. One holding cost, idiosyncratic risk, is particularly misunderstood. Various myths are debunked, including the common myth that arbitrageurs care about idiosyncratic risk because they are undiversified [Shleifer and Vishny (1997)]. The literature demonstrates that idiosyncratic risk is the single largest cost faced by arbitrageurs.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that, although this constraint eliminates some potential exchanges, there is a wide class of constrained-efficient mechanisms that are strategy-proof when patient-donor pairs and surgeons have 0-1 preferences.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors examine how the concept of narrative has entered social work over the past 15 years, with special emphasis on research applications. Approaching their task from distinctive standpoints and locatio...
Abstract: We examine how the concept of narrative has entered social work over the past 15 years, with special emphasis on research applications. Approaching our task from distinctive standpoints and locatio...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the counterintuitive finding in prior literature that disclosure triggers litigation could be driven by the endogeneity between disclosure and litigation, and they find no evidence that disclosure potentially deters certain types of litigation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The initial results from studies examining the brain and cognitive effects of instrumental music training on young children in a longitudinal study and a cross‐sectional comparison in older children are reported.
Abstract: Research has revealed structural and functional differences in the brains of adult instrumental musicians compared to those of matched nonmusician controls, with intensity/duration of instrumental training and practice being important predictors of these differences. Nevertheless, the differential contributions of nature and nurture to these differences are not yet clear. The musician-nonmusician comparison is an ideal model for examining whether and, if so, where such functional and structural brain plasticity occurs, because musicians acquire and continuously practice a variety of complex motor, auditory, and multimodal skills (e.g., translating visually perceived musical symbols into motor commands while simultaneously monitoring instrumental output and receiving multisensory feedback). Research has also demonstrated that music training in children results in long-term enhancement of visual-spatial, verbal, and mathematical performance. However, the underlying neural bases of such enhancements and whether the intensity and duration of instrumental training or other factors, such as extracurricular activities, attention, motivation, or instructional methods can contribute to or predict these enhancements are yet unknown. Here we report the initial results from our studies examining the brain and cognitive effects of instrumental music training on young children in a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional comparison in older children. Further, we present a comparison of the results in these children's studies with observations from our cross-sectional studies with adults.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors apply French and Raven's social power model to a conceptualization of coercive control in intimate partner violence relationships, including setting the stage, coercion involving a demand and a credible threat for noncompliance, surveillance, delivery of threatened consequences, and the victim's behavioral and emotional response to coercion.
Abstract: For decades, battered women’s advocates have placed coercive control squarely at the center of their analysis of intimate partner violence. Yet, little work has been done to conceptualize and measure the key construct of coercive control. In this article, we apply French and Raven’s social power model to a conceptualization of coercive control in intimate partner violence relationships. Central elements of the model include: social ecology; setting the stage; coercion involving a demand and a credible threat for noncompliance; surveillance; delivery of threatened consequences; and the victim’s behavioral and emotional response to coercion. These elements occur in spiraling and overlapping sequences to establish an overall situation of coercive control. The implications of this model for theory and practice are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory (CFNI) as mentioned in this paper was designed to assess women's conformity to an array of feminine norms found in the dominant culture in the United States.
Abstract: This article describes the construction of the Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory (CFNI), which was designed to assess women’s conformity to an array of feminine norms found in the dominant culture in the United States. In addition, we present four studies in which the psychometric properties of the CFNI were examined. In Study 1, factor analysis indicated that the CFNI is comprised of eight distinct factors labeled as Nice in Relationships, Thinness, Modesty, Domestic, Care for Children, Romantic Relationship, Sexual Fidelity, and Invest in Appearance. Results from Study 2 indicated that the CFNI has strong internal consistency estimates and differentiates college women from college men. In addition, Study 2 demonstrated that the CFNI Total score and subscale scores relate to Bem Sex Role Inventory and Feminist Identity Development Scale scores in theoretically consistent patterns. Study 3 indicated that the CFNI Total score and several of the subscales significantly and positively relate to scores on the Eating Disorder Inventory. Finally, Study 4 demonstrated that the CFNI Total score and subscale scores have high test-retest estimates for a 2–3 week period. The discussion focuses on potential uses of the CFNI, limitations to the study, and suggestions for future research.