Institution
Boston University
Education•Boston, Massachusetts, United States•
About: Boston University is a education organization based out in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 48688 authors who have published 119622 publications receiving 6276020 citations. The organization is also known as: BU & Boston U.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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University of Pennsylvania1, Boston University2, University of Maryland, Baltimore3, Arcadia University4, McMaster University5, Rush University Medical Center6, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill7, University of Chicago8, University of Michigan9, Tufts Medical Center10, University of Toronto11, University of Arizona12, New York University13, University of Delaware14, University of California, Davis15, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center16, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine17, ECRI Institute18, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center19, American College of Rheumatology20, University of Minnesota21
TL;DR: An evidence‐based guideline for the comprehensive management of osteoarthritis (OA) is developed as a collaboration between the American College of Rheumatology and the Arthritis Foundation, updating the 2012 ACR recommendations for the management of hand, hip, and knee OA.
Abstract: Objective To develop an evidence-based guideline for the comprehensive management of osteoarthritis (OA) as a collaboration between the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the Arthritis Foundation, updating the 2012 ACR recommendations for the management of hand, hip, and knee OA. Methods We identified clinically relevant population, intervention, comparator, outcomes questions and critical outcomes in OA. A Literature Review Team performed a systematic literature review to summarize evidence supporting the benefits and harms of available educational, behavioral, psychosocial, physical, mind-body, and pharmacologic therapies for OA. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology was used to rate the quality of the evidence. A Voting Panel, including rheumatologists, an internist, physical and occupational therapists, and patients, achieved consensus on the recommendations. Results Based on the available evidence, either strong or conditional recommendations were made for or against the approaches evaluated. Strong recommendations were made for exercise, weight loss in patients with knee and/or hip OA who are overweight or obese, self-efficacy and self-management programs, tai chi, cane use, hand orthoses for first carpometacarpal (CMC) joint OA, tibiofemoral bracing for tibiofemoral knee OA, topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for knee OA, oral NSAIDs, and intraarticular glucocorticoid injections for knee OA. Conditional recommendations were made for balance exercises, yoga, cognitive behavioral therapy, kinesiotaping for first CMC OA, orthoses for hand joints other than the first CMC joint, patellofemoral bracing for patellofemoral knee OA, acupuncture, thermal modalities, radiofrequency ablation for knee OA, topical NSAIDs, intraarticular steroid injections and chondroitin sulfate for hand OA, topical capsaicin for knee OA, acetaminophen, duloxetine, and tramadol. Conclusion This guideline provides direction for clinicians and patients making treatment decisions for the management of OA. Clinicians and patients should engage in shared decision-making that accounts for patients' values, preferences, and comorbidities. These recommendations should not be used to limit or deny access to therapies.
989 citations
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TL;DR: The isolation, evolution and structure of a broadly neutralizing antibody from an African donor followed from the time of infection and its co-crystal structure revealed a new loop-based mechanism of CD4-binding-site recognition.
Abstract: Current human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) vaccines elicit strain-specific neutralizing antibodies. However, cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies arise in approximately 20% of HIV-1-infected individuals, and details of their generation could provide a blueprint for effective vaccination. Here we report the isolation, evolution and structure of a broadly neutralizing antibody from an African donor followed from the time of infection. The mature antibody, CH103, neutralized approximately 55% of HIV-1 isolates, and its co-crystal structure with the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 revealed a new loop-based mechanism of CD4-binding-site recognition. Virus and antibody gene sequencing revealed concomitant virus evolution and antibody maturation. Notably, the unmutated common ancestor of the CH103 lineage avidly bound the transmitted/founder HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, and evolution of antibody neutralization breadth was preceded by extensive viral diversification in and near the CH103 epitope. These data determine the viral and antibody evolution leading to induction of a lineage of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies, and provide insights into strategies to elicit similar antibodies by vaccination.
989 citations
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Oak Ridge National Laboratory1, University of Antwerp2, Tuscia University3, United States Department of Agriculture4, North Carolina State University5, Duke University6, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign7, Boston University8, Michigan Technological University9, Bangor University10, National Research Council11
TL;DR: The surprising consistency of response across diverse sites provides a benchmark to evaluate predictions of ecosystem and global models and allows us to focus on unresolved questions about carbon partitioning and retention, and spatial variation in NPP response caused by availability of other growth limiting resources.
Abstract: Climate change predictions derived from coupled carbon-climate models are highly dependent on assumptions about feedbacks between the biosphere and atmosphere. One critical feedback occurs if C uptake by the biosphere increases in response to the fossil-fuel driven increase in atmospheric [CO2] (“CO2 fertilization”), thereby slowing the rate of increase in atmospheric [CO2]. Carbon exchanges between the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere are often first represented in models as net primary productivity (NPP). However, the contribution of CO2 fertilization to the future global C cycle has been uncertain, especially in forest ecosystems that dominate global NPP, and models that include a feedback between terrestrial biosphere metabolism and atmospheric [CO2] are poorly constrained by experimental evidence. We analyzed the response of NPP to elevated CO2 (≈550 ppm) in four free-air CO2 enrichment experiments in forest stands. We show that the response of forest NPP to elevated [CO2] is highly conserved across a broad range of productivity, with a stimulation at the median of 23 ± 2%. At low leaf area indices, a large portion of the response was attributable to increased light absorption, but as leaf area indices increased, the response to elevated [CO2] was wholly caused by increased light-use efficiency. The surprising consistency of response across diverse sites provides a benchmark to evaluate predictions of ecosystem and global models and allows us now to focus on unresolved questions about carbon partitioning and retention, and spatial variation in NPP response caused by availability of other growth limiting resources.
988 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, an emerging Dirac liquid of Lorentz invariant quasi-particles in the weak coupling regime and strongly correlated electronic states in the strong coupling regime is discussed.
Abstract: We review the problem of electron-electron interactions in graphene. Starting from the screening of long range interactions in these systems, we discuss the existence of an emerging Dirac liquid of Lorentz invariant quasi-particles in the weak coupling regime, and strongly correlated electronic states in the strong coupling regime. We also analyze the analogy and connections between the many-body problem and the Coulomb impurity problem. The problem of the magnetic instability and Kondo effect of impurities and/or adatoms in graphene is also discussed in analogy with classical models of many-body effects in ordinary metals. We show that Lorentz invariance plays a fundamental role and leads to effects that span the whole spectrum, from the ultraviolet to the infrared. The effect of an emerging Lorentz invariance is also discussed in the context of finite size and edge effects as well as mesoscopic physics. We also briefly discuss the effects of strong magnetic fields in single layers and review some of the main aspects of the many-body problem in graphene bilayers. In addition to reviewing the fully understood aspects of the many-body problem in graphene, we show that a plethora of interesting issues remain open, both theoretically and experimentally, and that the field of graphene research is still exciting and vibrant.
988 citations
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TL;DR: Antecedent major CHD risk factor exposures were very common among those who developed CHD, emphasizing the importance of considering all major risk factors in determiningCHD risk estimation and in attempting to prevent clinical CHD.
Abstract: ContextA frequently cited concept is that individual major risk factors for
coronary heart disease (CHD) are absent in many patients (perhaps >50%) with
CHD. However, prior studies have not systematically evaluated the extent to
which CHD patients have previous exposure to at least 1 risk factor, including
diabetes, cigarette smoking, or clinically elevated levels of cholesterol
or blood pressure.ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of exposure to major CHD risk factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThree prospective cohort studies were included: the Chicago Heart Association
Detection Project in Industry, with a population sample of 35 642 employed
men and women aged 18 to 59 years; screenees for the Multiple Risk Factor
Intervention Trial, including 347 978 men aged 35 to 57 years; and a
population-based sample of 3295 men and women aged 34 to 59 years from the
Framingham Heart Study (FHS). Follow-up lasted 21 to 30 years across the studies.Main Outcome MeasuresFatal CHD in all cohorts and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) in
the FHS, compared by exposure to major CHD risk factors, defined as total
cholesterol of at least 240 mg/dL (≥6.22 mmol/L), systolic blood pressure
of at least 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure of at least 90 mm Hg, cigarette
smoking, and diabetes. Participants were stratified by sex and age (18-39
vs 40-59 years).ResultsFor fatal CHD (n = 20 995), exposure to at least 1 clinically elevated
major risk factor ranged from 87% to 100%. Among those aged 40 to 59 years
at baseline with fatal CHD (n = 19 263), exposure to at least 1 major
risk factor ranged from 87% to 94%. For nonfatal MI, prior exposure was documented
in 92% (95% CI, 87%-96%) (n = 167) of men aged 40 to 59 years at baseline
and in 87% (95% CI, 80%-94%) (n = 94) of women in this age group.ConclusionsAntecedent major CHD risk factor exposures were very common among those
who developed CHD, emphasizing the importance of considering all major risk
factors in determining CHD risk estimation and in attempting to prevent clinical
CHD. These results challenge claims that CHD events commonly occur in persons
without exposure to at least 1 major CHD risk factor.
986 citations
Authors
Showing all 49233 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Walter C. Willett | 334 | 2399 | 413322 |
Robert Langer | 281 | 2324 | 326306 |
Meir J. Stampfer | 277 | 1414 | 283776 |
Ronald C. Kessler | 274 | 1332 | 328983 |
JoAnn E. Manson | 270 | 1819 | 258509 |
Albert Hofman | 267 | 2530 | 321405 |
George M. Whitesides | 240 | 1739 | 269833 |
Paul M. Ridker | 233 | 1242 | 245097 |
Eugene Braunwald | 230 | 1711 | 264576 |
Ralph B. D'Agostino | 226 | 1287 | 229636 |
David J. Hunter | 213 | 1836 | 207050 |
Daniel Levy | 212 | 933 | 194778 |
Christopher J L Murray | 209 | 754 | 310329 |
Tamara B. Harris | 201 | 1143 | 163979 |
André G. Uitterlinden | 199 | 1229 | 156747 |