Institution
Boston University
Education•Boston, Massachusetts, United States•
About: Boston University is a education organization based out in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 48688 authors who have published 119622 publications receiving 6276020 citations. The organization is also known as: BU & Boston U.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) as discussed by the authors is a natural extension of quantum chaos and random matrix theory (RMT) that allows one to describe thermalization in isolated chaotic systems without invoking the notion of an external bath.
Abstract: This review gives a pedagogical introduction to the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), its basis, and its implications to statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. In the first part, ETH is introduced as a natural extension of ideas from quantum chaos and random matrix theory (RMT). To this end, we present a brief overview of classical and quantum chaos, as well as RMT and some of its most important predictions. The latter include the statistics of energy levels, eigenstate components, and matrix elements of observables. Building on these, we introduce the ETH and show that it allows one to describe thermalization in isolated chaotic systems without invoking the notion of an external bath. We examine numerical evidence of eigenstate thermalization from studies of many-body lattice systems. We also introduce the concept of a quench as a means of taking isolated systems out of equilibrium, and discuss results of numerical experiments on quantum quenches. The second part of the review explores the i...
1,536 citations
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Brigham and Women's Hospital1, University of Hamburg2, University of Massachusetts Medical School3, Medical University of Vienna4, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai5, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases6, Washington University in St. Louis7, Harvard University8, Boston University9, Charité10
TL;DR: The TREM2-APOE pathway is identified as a major regulator of microglial functional phenotype in neurodegenerative diseases and serves as a novel target that could aid in the restoration of homeostatic microglia.
1,535 citations
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TL;DR: It is shown that receptor crosslinking induces Fas ligand and upregulates Fas, and that the ensuing engagement of Fas by Fasligand activates the cell-death programme.
Abstract: Receptor crosslinking of T-cell hybridomas induces cell activation followed by apoptosis. This activation-induced cell death requires de novo synthesis of RNA and proteins, but the actual gene products that provide the death signal have not been identified. We show here that receptor crosslinking induces Fas ligand and upregulates Fas, and that the ensuing engagement of Fas by Fas ligand activates the cell-death programme. Cell death, but not activation, can be selectively prevented by a soluble Fas-immunoglobulin fusion protein. Thus, Fas and Fas ligand are the death-gene products, and their interaction accounts for the molecular mechanism of activation-induced T-cell death.
1,535 citations
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Chinese Academy of Sciences1, Peking University2, Boston University3, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation4, Centre national de la recherche scientifique5, University of Exeter6, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology7, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory8, Oak Ridge National Laboratory9, Beijing Normal University10, Spanish National Research Council11, Montana State University12, University of Birmingham13, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research14, Imperial College London15, Max Planck Society16, University of Maryland, College Park17
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used three long-term satellite leaf area index (LAI) records and ten global ecosystem models to investigate four key drivers of LAI trends during 1982-2009.
Abstract: Global environmental change is rapidly altering the dynamics of terrestrial vegetation, with consequences for the functioning of the Earth system and provision of ecosystem services(1,2). Yet how global vegetation is responding to the changing environment is not well established. Here we use three long-term satellite leaf area index (LAI) records and ten global ecosystem models to investigate four key drivers of LAI trends during 1982-2009. We show a persistent and widespread increase of growing season integrated LAI (greening) over 25% to 50% of the global vegetated area, whereas less than 4% of the globe shows decreasing LAI (browning). Factorial simulations with multiple global ecosystem models suggest that CO2 fertilization effects explain 70% of the observed greening trend, followed by nitrogen deposition (9%), climate change (8%) and land cover change (LCC) (4%). CO2 fertilization effects explain most of the greening trends in the tropics, whereas climate change resulted in greening of the high latitudes and the Tibetan Plateau. LCC contributed most to the regional greening observed in southeast China and the eastern United States. The regional effects of unexplained factors suggest that the next generation of ecosystem models will need to explore the impacts of forest demography, differences in regional management intensities for cropland and pastures, and other emerging productivity constraints such as phosphorus availability.
1,534 citations
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Nicholas J Kassebaum1, Megha Arora1, Ryan M Barber1, Zulfiqar A Bhutta2 +679 more•Institutions (268)
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015.
1,533 citations
Authors
Showing all 49233 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Walter C. Willett | 334 | 2399 | 413322 |
Robert Langer | 281 | 2324 | 326306 |
Meir J. Stampfer | 277 | 1414 | 283776 |
Ronald C. Kessler | 274 | 1332 | 328983 |
JoAnn E. Manson | 270 | 1819 | 258509 |
Albert Hofman | 267 | 2530 | 321405 |
George M. Whitesides | 240 | 1739 | 269833 |
Paul M. Ridker | 233 | 1242 | 245097 |
Eugene Braunwald | 230 | 1711 | 264576 |
Ralph B. D'Agostino | 226 | 1287 | 229636 |
David J. Hunter | 213 | 1836 | 207050 |
Daniel Levy | 212 | 933 | 194778 |
Christopher J L Murray | 209 | 754 | 310329 |
Tamara B. Harris | 201 | 1143 | 163979 |
André G. Uitterlinden | 199 | 1229 | 156747 |