Showing papers by "Bowling Green State University published in 1970"
TL;DR: In this paper, seven behaviorally anchored scales were constructed to measure the motivation to work of engineers via peer ratings of effort, and inter-rater reliability was judged adequate on the seven dimensions and held up through four replications.
103 citations
72 citations
61 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two experiments were conducted to determine if a relationship exists between test item arrangements and student performance on power tests, and the primary hypotheses were: item arrangements based upon item difficulty, similarity of content, or order of class presentation do not influence test score or required testing time.
Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to determine if a relationship exists between test item arrangements and student performance on power tests. The primary hypotheses were: item arrangements based upon item difficulty, similarity of content, or order of class presentation do not influence test score or required testing time. In the first experiment 122 subjects were randomly assigned to three item difficulty arrangements of 139 test items with a 0–100% difficulty range, and in the second experiment 156 subjects were randomly assigned to three item content arrangements of 103 items. Results of analyses of variance with test anxiety used as a classification factor supported the hypotheses.
52 citations
TL;DR: Observations of flights of moths indicate that the repellent odor from injured plants may cause dispersal flights of adults and this olfactometer seems especially suited to examine the reactions of insects which must fly before they respond to odors.
Abstract: An olfactometer was constructed for measuring the oviposition responses of female moths of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.)) to odors from its hostplant, using the number and location of egg masses to judge the response. This olfactometer seems especially suited to examine the reactions of insects which must fly before they respond to odors. The reaction to the odor from injured plants was of special interest. Whereas the odor from uninjured plants was attractive to moths ready to lay eggs, odor from injured plants was repellent. Observations of flights of moths indicate that the repellent odor from injured plants may cause dispersal flights of adults.
Zusammenfassung
EIN OLFAKTOMETER ZUR PRUFUNG DER REAKTIONEN WEIBLICHER MAISZUNSLER, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS
Ein Olfaktometer wird beschrieben, das geeignet ist, die Reaktionen weiblicher Maiszunsler auf den Duft ihrer Wirtspflanzen zu messen. Die Reaktion besteht im Absetzen von Eigelegen. Zu ihrer Beurteilung wurde Anzahl und Lokalisation der Gelege benutzt. Die Reaktion konnte so einer Interpretation mit Hilfe statistischer Testverfahren zugefuhrt werden. Die Versuchsanordnung scheint besonders dazu geeignet, die Reaktionen von Insekten zu prufen, welche fliegen mussen, um auf Duftquellen reagieren zu konnen. Von besonderem Interesse war das Verhalten gegenuber dem Geruch verletzter Pflanzen, welcher die Maiszuns-ler-Weibchen von der Eiablage abhielt. Umgekehrt war der Duft unverletzter Pflanzen fur Falter, die legebereit waren, anziehend. Beobachtung des Fluges der Zunsler weisen darauf hin, das der abschreckende Duft verletzter Pflanzen Ausbreitungsfluge verursachen kann.
36 citations
TL;DR: The growth center model has been advocated by the author for the provision of counseling services in educational institutions (Foulds & Guinan, 1969) as mentioned in this paper, where the growth center is a proactive agency that provides a wide variety of educative, developmental, and remedial services designed to foster increased levels of self-actualization and human effectiveness.
Abstract: The growth center model has been advocated by the author for the provision of counseling services in educational institutions (Foulds & Guinan, 1969). On the college or university campus, the growth center is a proactive agency that provides a wide variety of educative, developmental, and remedial services designed to foster increased levels of self-actualization and human effectiveness, expansion of human awareness and experience, and maximum development of human potentials. A description of various activities designed to achieve these goals has been offered (Foulds & Guinan, in press), and the present paper is a report of a study that attempted to evaluate the effective-
32 citations
TL;DR: An analysis of the number of subjects per group showing reductions in TAQ score supported the hypothesis that self-reported test-anxiety reduction occurs more reliably when both components of systematic desensitization are present.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a role projection technique was used to examine the effect of overpay inequity on workers' self-image as a worker on the perception of unfairness in the hiring process.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Bottomore argues that during periods of rapid social change, generations are likely to develop highly distinctive outlooks and aims which conflict with those of older generations, thus leading to political youth movements as groups consciously emphasizing their character as generational units.
Abstract: Karl Mannheirn‘s sociology of knowledge rests upon the notion of “relationism,” where truth is predicated upon situationally prescribed values of individuals or units in any social contest (Mannheim, 1936: 79). Generations in this schema are viewed as: “nothing more than a particular kind of identity or location, embracing related ‘age groups’ embedded in a historical-social process” (Mannheim, 195 1 : 292). With this unique relationship to a historical time and place, generations are conceptualized as processing a distinct awareness akin to Marx’s view of class consciousness. Each generation, Mannheim (1 95 1 : 293) argues, has a different or “fresh contact” with custom, tradition, and political thought. Furthermore, in periods of rapid social change, generations are likely to develop highly distinctive outlooks and aims which conflict with those of older generations, thus leading to political youth movements as groups consciously emphasizing “their character as generational units” (Mannheim, 195 l : 309). T. B. Bottomore
28 citations
01 Nov 1970
21 citations
TL;DR: In our halcyon student days the textbooks discussed the direct democracy trinity, described their mechanics and variations, explained their origin in the Progressive Era, told us that the United States, Australia, and Switzerland were leading practitioners of direct democracy, cited a few eccentric referenda, gave the standard pro and con arguments, and essayed some judgments of the relative merits of direct and representative democracy.
Abstract: Any middle-aged member of the political science guild in a retrospective mood might ponder a question: “What ever happened to direct democracy?” In our halcyon student days the textbooks discussed the direct democracy trinity—initiative, referendum, and recall—described their mechanics and variations, explained their origin in the Progressive Era, told us that the United States, Australia, and Switzerland were leading practitioners of direct democracy, cited a few eccentric referenda, gave the standard pro and con arguments, and essayed some judgments of the relative merits of direct and representative democracy. Latter day collegians may pass through the portals innocent of the existence of the institutions of direct government. Half of the American government texts never mention the subject; the others allocate a paragraph or a page for a casual mention or a barebones explanation of the mechanics. A similar trend has occurred in the literature. Before 1921, every volume of this R eview had items on the referendum, five in one volume. Subsequently there have been only seven articles, all but two prior to World War II. “The Initiative and Referendum in Graustark” has ceased to be a fashionable dissertation topic, only four in the last thirty years. All but two of the published monographs antedate World War II.
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of distance in the initial orientation of homing pigeons was studied and the results do not support the idea of an intermediate zone of poor initial orientation.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that both immediate quality evaluations and longer-term memory of good and bad product experiences are biased in favor of more expensive products and that an adequate test of that proposition is possible only if price cues are eliminated.
Abstract: proposition that "you get what you pay for." Both immediate quality evaluations and longer-term memory of good and bad product experiences are apt to be biased in favor of more expensive products [5, 6, 10, 11]. Therefore, an adequate test of that proposition is possible only if price cues are eliminated. Previous research which has tested products under the blind condition has concentrated more on brand
TL;DR: The Aspects of Socialization in Sports and Physical Education (ASSE) as discussed by the authors is a collection of sports and physical education texts from the 1970s and 1970s, with a focus on sports.
Abstract: (1970). Aspects of Socialization in Sports and Physical Education. Quest: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 1-7.
TL;DR: Agonistic behavior is defined as a system of related behavior patterns having the common function of adaptation to situations of conflict between members of the same species.
Abstract: Book reviewed in this article:
Agonistic behavior is defined as a system of related behavior patterns having the common function of adaptation to situations of conflict between members of the same species. It is highly probable that biological bases for this kind of behavior do exist for the various species. It is equally probable, however, that because of man's unique genetic composition no direct analogies from any other species to man are justified.
Book•
01 Jan 1970TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the only integer solution of the Diophantine equation y2 + 18 = x3, y positive, is x = 3, y = 3.
TL;DR: In this article, a 4-factor analysis of covariance design was performed to determine if more frequent, graded unit examinations followed by test feedback facilitate achievement and allow students with high-measured test anxiety to perform better on final course examinations.
Abstract: Four groups (N = 116) were maintained in a 4-factor analysis of covariance design to determine if more frequent, graded unit examinations followed by test feedback facilitate achievement and allow students with high-measured test anxiety to perform better on final course examinations. The testing procedures studied consisted of the administration of 168 examination items as either three or six unit exams, grading or not grading the unit exams, and providing or not providing class feedback and discussion following the examinations. Analysis of performance on two posttest measures indicated that the subjects achieved more from frequent, graded unit tests followed by feedback; however, variations of these conditions did not appear to influence the performance of the students with high-measured test anxiety.
TL;DR: In this paper, Business Horizons presents two points of view; the article by Lewis and Hoskins is followed by additional comments by Stevens, and they hope that a careful analysis of both articles will help the reader focus his own thinking on the trends and unknowns in this critical area of international finance.
TL;DR: This paper investigated the influence of prior experience with free-recall learning upon subsequent learning of another list and found that first lists varied in the degree to which their organization was comparable to the organization in the final list.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors modified the Witkin's Rod and Frame Test by presenting the luminous rod in one of two fixed positions, either vertical or not vertical, within a titled frame.
Abstract: To help determine hut what Witkin’s Rod and Frame Test measures, the task was modified by presenting the luminous rod in one of two fixed positions, either vertical or not vertical, within a titled frame. S responded on a four-category scale representing his certainty that the rod was vertical Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated for each of 17 Ss and compared to traditional measures of titer field dependence-independence. The results showed that Witkin’s test is not contaminated to any great extent by response bias. However, the ROC analysis did reveal significant differences between field dependents and independents, not only in their sensitivity to verticality, but also in their- characteristic manner of responding.
TL;DR: By application of a radio-frequency discharge, oxygen gas at low pressure may be raised to excited electronic states or dissociated into oxygen atoms as discussed by the authors, and some potential applications of discharged oxygen are described.
TL;DR: Ss were asked to cite personal examples of experiences involving high, moderate, and low levels of activation and to describe each of these experiences in terms of 132 adjectives and adjectival phrases, which confirmed the relevance of these results to activation theory and to Wolf's (1967) analysis.
Abstract: Summary.Ss were asked to cite personal examples of experiences involving high, moderate, and low levels of activation and to describe each of these experiences in terms of 132 adjectives and adjectival phrases. These data were subjected to varimax factor analyses and 12 interpretable high-, 9 moderate-, and 5 low-activation factors were extracted. The relevance of these results to activation theory and to Wolf's (1967) analysis was discussed. Variations in behavior have been described in terms of changes in arousal or activation (Duffy, 1962). Activation theory is essentially a neuropsychological description of the intensity dimension of behavior. This, dimension extends from deep sleep at the low end to excitement at the higher end. Hebb ( 1955) in relating subjective "feelings" to activation proposed that there is increasing alertness, interest, and positive emotion as activation increases from a minimum to an intermediate level, and increasing emotional disturbances and anxiety as activation rises still further, i.e., different subjective reactions or emotions correspond to different levels of activation. Activation states may be analyzed physiologically, neurologically, behaviorally, and experientially (the feelings of s). By far the greatest number of studies have used either physiological measures (e.g., EMG, blood pressure, GSR) , neurological measures, or a combination of these measures along with some relevant behavioral index. Through such studies, much has been learned about the neuro-physiological and behavioral states which characterize different levels of activation. For example, an organism sleeps when it is deprived of sensory input, or when sensory input declines (Kleitmatl, 1939). Under conditions of reduced afferent influx, the encephalogram changes from a picture of desynchronization (activation) to one of synchronic alpha waves (relaxed state) and finally to one of large, slow, increasingly synchronized waves indicative of sleep. (Lindsley, 195 1). To date, only one attempt to isolate systematically the experiential or subjective components of activation has appeared in the literature. Wolf (1967) factor analyzed 30 adjectives checked by Ss as descriptive of feelings of fatigue. In order to give a context for his descriptions, each S wrote a brief narration of a recent fatiguing experience. Three interpretable factors were extracted: exhaustion, nervous fatigue, and drowsy fatigue. He judged that each of these factors corresponded with some activation state. Thus, drowsy fatigue seemed similar to Duffy's (1962) description of low activation, nervous fatigue to her description of compensatory high activation, and exhaustion to her "simple fatigue." The present study attempted to expand Wolf's (1967) findings by apply
TL;DR: A tentative hypothesis regarding an all-or-none protective function of the drug was suggested, and parameters for future research outlined, but no simple linear relationship was found between drug concentration and frequency of ulceration.
Abstract: Four groups of rats were exposed to a highly ulcerogenic procedure. Three experimental groups were given programmed injections of three different concentrations of chlorpromazine and a control group received physiological saline. All drug concentrations significantly reduced ulceration relative to controls. The lowest concentration proved least effective in this regard, but no simple linear relationship was found between drug concentration and frequency of ulceration. A tentative hypothesis regarding an all-or-none protective function of the drug was suggested, and parameters for future research outlined.