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Showing papers by "Bowling Green State University published in 2010"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed all the operational examples reported to date, and measurement techniques applied to these low-power nonlinear processes, in many instances, direct visualization of this phenomenon is presented in solution and within various polymeric host materials.

1,138 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review examines the role of religion, for better and worse, in marital and parent-child relationships according to peer reviewed studies from 1999-2009 to identify specific spiritual beliefs and practices that could prevent or intensify problems in traditional and nontraditional families.
Abstract: This review examines the role of religion, for better and worse, in marital and parent-child relationships according to peer reviewed studies from 1999-2009. A conceptual framework labeled "relational spirituality" is used to: (a) organize the breadth of findings into the three stages of the formation, maintenance, and transformation of family relationships, and (b) illustrate three in-depth sets of mechanisms to delve into unique ways religion may shape family bonds. Topics include union formation, fertility, spousal roles, marital satisfaction and conflict, divorce, domestic violence, infidelity, pregnancy, parenting children, parenting adolescents, and coping with family distress. Conclusions emphasize moving beyond markers of general religiousness and identifying specific spiritual beliefs and practices that could prevent or intensify problems in traditional and nontraditional families.

427 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
10 Dec 2010-Science
TL;DR: The genome sequence of the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis is reported, an obligate biotroph and natural pathogen of Arabidopsis thaliana, which exhibits dramatic reductions in genes encoding RXLR effectors, proteins associated with zoospore formation and motility, and enzymes for assimilation of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur.
Abstract: Many oomycete and fungal plant pathogens are obligate biotrophs, which extract nutrients only from living plant tissue and cannot grow apart from their hosts. Although these pathogens cause substantial crop losses, little is known about the molecular basis or evolution of obligate biotrophy. Here, we report the genome sequence of the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa), an obligate biotroph and natural pathogen of Arabidopsis thaliana. In comparison with genomes of related, hemibiotrophic Phytophthora species, the Hpa genome exhibits dramatic reductions in genes encoding (i) RXLR effectors and other secreted pathogenicity proteins, (ii) enzymes for assimilation of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur, and (iii) proteins associated with zoospore formation and motility. These attributes comprise a genomic signature of evolution toward obligate biotrophy.

424 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined psychological detachment from work during non-work time as a partial mediator between job stressors and low work-home boundaries and strain reactions (emotional exhaustion, need for recovery) on the other hand.

413 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Access to the P. ultimum genome has revealed not only core pathogenic mechanisms within the oomycetes but also lineage-specific genes associated with the alternative virulence and lifestyles found within the pythiaceous lineages compared to the Peronosporaceae.
Abstract: Background Pythium ultimum is a ubiquitous oomycete plant pathogen responsible for a variety of diseases on a broad range of crop and ornamental species.

364 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an empirical study of U.S. and German firms investigates the relationship between perceived supply risk sources and supply disruption occurrence, as well as the use of supply chain resiliency practices to reduce disruption frequency.
Abstract: The concern and study of supply risk and supply continuity has recently come to the forefront in managing business and conducting research. This empirical study of U.S. and German firms investigates the relationship between perceived supply risk sources and supply disruption occurrence, as well as the use of supply chain resiliency practices to reduce disruption frequency. We demonstrate that supply managers' concerns with risk emanating from suppliers and the supply market are positively related to supply disruption occurrence. We further show how and when implementing flexibility and redundancy may reduce the effects of supply disruptions.

358 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data from 120 bank tellers revealed that customer incivility was positively related to emotional exhaustion and negatively related to customer service performance, and two models were proposed and tested in which emotional labor mediated the relationship between customer incvility and outcomes.
Abstract: Because of the large number of people employed in service occupations, customer incivility has become an increasingly prevalent and important workplace stressor. Unfortunately, relatively little research has examined the effects of customer incivility; of the research that does exist, virtually all of it has focused solely on employee mental health outcomes. The present study was designed to replicate previous research linking customer incivility to the emotional exhaustion dimension of burnout and to expand on previous research by examining the effects of customer incivility on customer service quality. In addition, two models were proposed and tested in which emotional labor mediated the relationship between customer incivility and outcomes. Data from 120 bank tellers revealed that customer incivility was positively related to emotional exhaustion and negatively related to customer service performance. In addition, both proposed models were supported. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings and future directions are discussed.

333 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data analysis indicated that when controlling for the quality of the initial projects, there was a significant relationship between thequality of peer feedback students provided for others and the qualityOf the students' own final projects, but no significant relationship was found between the quality and active engagement in reviewing peers' projects.
Abstract: This study investigated the relationship between the quality of peer assessment and the quality of student projects in a technology application course for teacher education students. Forty-three undergraduate student participants completed the assigned projects. During the peer assessment process, students first anonymously rated and commented on two randomly assigned peers' projects, and they were then asked to improve their projects based on the feedback they received. Two independent raters blindly evaluated student initial and final projects. Data analysis indicated that when controlling for the quality of the initial projects, there was a significant relationship between the quality of peer feedback students provided for others and the quality of the students' own final projects. However, no significant relationship was found between the quality of peer feedback students received and the quality of their own final projects. This finding supported a prior research claim that active engagement in reviewing peers' projects may facilitate student learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

315 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a simplified version of the chemometric procedures involved in realizing a successful analytical experiment that utilizes cross-reactive optical sensor arrays, and summarizes the current research in this field.
Abstract: Supramolecular analytical chemistry has emerged as a new discipline at the interface of supramolecular and analytical chemistry. It focuses on analytical applications of molecular recognition and self-assembly. One of the important outcomes of the supramolecular analytical chemistry is the understanding of molecular aspects of sensor design, synthesis and binding studies of sensors while using rigorous methods of analytical chemistry as a touchstone to verify the viability of the supramolecular aspects of the sensor design. This critical review provides a simplified version of the chemometric procedures involved in realizing a successful analytical experiment that utilizes cross-reactive optical sensor arrays, and summarizes the current research in this field. This review also shows several examples of use of described chemometric methods for evaluation of chemosensors and sensor arrays. Thus, this review is aimed mostly at the readers who want to test their newly-developed chemosensors in cross-reactive arrays (169 references).

280 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: New research on the linkages between marriage and child well-being is reviewed, emphasizing how it can inform policy debates about the role of marriage in reducing poverty and improving child outcomes.
Abstract: Over the past decade, the linkages between marriage and child well-being have attracted the attention of researchers and policy makers alike. Children's living arrangements have become increasingly diverse and unstable, which raises important questions about how and why family structure and stability are related to child outcomes. This article reviews new research on this topic, emphasizing how it can inform policy debates about the role of marriage in reducing poverty and improving child outcomes. It also pays special attention to new scholarship on unmarried, primarily low-income families, the target of recent federal marriage initiatives, to appraise the potential contributions of family research to ongoing policy discussions.

278 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors integrated a Box-Cox power transformation procedure into a common trend two-phase regression-model-based test (the extended version of the penalized maximal F test, or “PMFred,” algorithm) for detecting changepoints to make the test applicable to non-Gaussian data series.
Abstract: This study integrates a Box–Cox power transformation procedure into a common trend two-phase regression-model-based test (the extended version of the penalized maximal F test, or “PMFred,” algorithm) for detecting changepoints to make the test applicable to non-Gaussian data series, such as nonzero daily precipitation amounts or wind speeds. The detection-power aspects of the transformed method (transPMFred) are assessed by a simulation study that shows that this new algorithm is much better than the corresponding untransformed method for non-Gaussian data; the transformation procedure can increase the hit rate by up to ∼70%. Examples of application of this new transPMFred algorithm to detect shifts in real daily precipitation series are provided using nonzero daily precipitation series recorded at a few stations across Canada that represent very different precipitation regimes. The detected changepoints are in good agreement with documented times of changes for all of the example series. This st...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present study investigated the relationships between positive religious coping and spiritual struggle versus viral load, CD4 count, quality of life, HIV symptoms, depression, self-esteem, social support, and spiritual well-being in 429 patients with HIV/AIDS.
Abstract: The present study investigated the relationships between positive religious coping (e.g., seeking spiritual support) and spiritual struggle (e.g., anger at God) versus viral load, CD4 count, quality of life, HIV symptoms, depression, self-esteem, social support, and spiritual well-being in 429 patients with HIV/AIDS. Data were collected through patient interview and chart review at baseline and 12-18 months later from four clinical sites. At baseline, positive religious coping was associated with positive outcomes while spiritual struggle was associated with negative outcomes. In addition, high levels of positive religious coping and low levels of spiritual struggle were associated with small but significant improvements over time. These results have implications for assessing religious coping and designing interventions targeting spiritual struggle in patients with HIV/AIDS.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicate that respondents who self-report violence perpetration are significantly more likely than their non-violent counterparts to report higher levels of other problematic relationship dynamics and behaviors such as jealousy, verbal conflict, and cheating.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It seems that medium levels of detachment are most beneficial for job performance, and curvilinear relationships between psychological detachment and coworker reported job performance are found.
Abstract: Mentally distancing oneself from work during nonwork time can help restore resources lost because of work demands. In this study, we examined possible outcomes of such psychological detachment from work, specifically well-being and job performance. Although employees may need to mentally detach from work to restore their well-being, high levels of detachment may require a longer time to get back into "working mode," which may be negatively associated with job performance. Our results indicate that higher levels of self-reported detachment were associated with higher levels of significant other-reported life satisfaction as well as lower levels of emotional exhaustion. In addition, we found curvilinear relationships between psychological detachment and coworker reported job performance (task performance and proactive behavior). Thus, although high psychological detachment may enhance employee well-being, it seems that medium levels of detachment are most beneficial for job performance.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A series of studies that emphasize the role of chance, selection, and history in determining the genetic consequences of population bottlenecks are reviewed, highlighting the necessity to explore the relationship between molecular genetic diversity, fitness, adaptive genetic Diversity, and extinction beyond the detrimental paradigm of inbreeding depression.
Abstract: Conservation genetics studies of populations bottlenecks are commonly framed under the detrimental paradigm of inbreeding depression. This conceptual paradigm presupposes a direct and unambiguous relationship between population size, genetic diversity, fitness, and extinction. Here, I review a series of studies that emphasize the role of chance, selection, and history in determining the genetic consequences of population bottlenecks. The variable responses of bottlenecks to fitness, phenotypic variation, and heritable variation emphasize the necessity to explore the relationship between molecular genetic diversity, fitness, adaptive genetic diversity, and extinction beyond the detrimental paradigm of inbreeding depression. Implications for conservation and management are presented as guidelines and testable predictions regarding the potential effects of bottlenecks on population viability and extinction.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The physical and chemical properties of one-dimensional nanostructured titanates, such as adsorption, stability, ion-exchange, optical, and proton conductivity properties, are described in this article.
Abstract: Recent advances in the properties, synthesis, modifications and applications of one-dimensional single-crystalline Ti–O based nanostructures (including nanotubes, nanobelts, nanowires, and nanorods) are reviewed. The physical and chemical properties of one-dimensional nanostructured titanates, such as adsorption, stability, ion-exchange, optical, and proton conductivity properties, are described in connection with a particular application. The experimental parameters, morphologies, and mechanism of formation of one-dimensional nanostructured titanates produced by the alkaline hydrothermal method are critically discussed. Current progress in the modifications of one-dimensional single-crystalline Ti–O based nanostructures are discussed together with their improved performances. Examples of applications of one-dimensional nanostructured titanates in photocatalysis, lithium batteries, sensors, hydrogen production and storage, solar cells and biomedicine are presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Spectral modeling in the absence of donor molecules as well as studies of TiO(2) thin films sensitized with two different Ru(II) compounds demonstrated that the electric field created by excited-state injection from one sensitizer influenced the absorption spectra of other sensitizers that had not undergone photoinduced electron injection.
Abstract: Photophysical studies were performed with [Ru(dtb)(2)(dcb)](PF(6))(2) and cis-Ru(dcb)(dnb)(NCS)(2,) where dtb is 4,4'-(C(CH(3))(3))(2)-2,2'-bipyridine, dcb is 4,4'-(COOH)(2)-2,2'-bipyridine, and dnb is 4,4'-(CH(3)(CH(2))(8))(2)-2,2'-bipyridine), anchored to anatase TiO(2) particles ( approximately 15 nm in diameter) interconnected in a mesoporous, 10 mum thick film immersed in Li(+)-containing CH(3)CN electrolytes with iodide or phenothiazine donors. Pulsed-laser excitation resulted in rapid excited-state injection and donor oxidation to yield TiO(2)(e(-))s and oxidized donors, while the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) absorption spectrum of the Ru(II) coordination compounds differed from that which was initially excited. The spectral data were consistent with an underlying Stark effect and indicated that the surface electric field was not completely screened from the molecular sensitizer. The magnitude of the electric field was estimated to be approximately 270 MV/m from Li(+) titration experiments, corresponding to a approximately 40 mV potential drop. With iodide donors, the amplitude of the Stark effect decreased over time periods where charge recombination was absent, behavior attributed to "screening" of the electric field by interfacial ionic reorganization. The screening kinetics were nonexponential but were well described by the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts model, from which a characteristic rate constant, tau(o)(-1), of approximately 1.5 x 10(5) s(-1) was abstracted. At least seven other sensitizers and five different cations, as well as on SnO(2) nanoparticle films, exhibited similar transient absorption behavior with iodide donor molecules indicating that the effect was quite general. In the presence of phenothiazine donors (or in the absence of an external donor), there was no clear evidence for screening, and the Stark effect disappeared concurrent with interfacial charge recombination. Complementary spectroelectrochemical studies of these same sensitized films displayed similar absorption spectra when the TiO(2) thin film was partially reduced with a forward bias. Spectral modeling in the absence of donor molecules as well as studies of TiO(2) thin films sensitized with two different Ru(II) compounds demonstrated that the electric field created by excited-state injection from one sensitizer influenced the absorption spectra of other sensitizers that had not undergone photoinduced electron injection.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, perylene was used as the triplet sensitizer and perylene as the energy acceptor/annihilator in deaerated benzene to achieve red-to-blue upconversion with a record 0.8 eV anti-Stokes shift.
Abstract: Sensitized red-to-blue upconversion with a record 0.8 eV anti-Stokes shift has been achieved utilizing platinum(II) tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphyrin (PtTPBP) as the triplet sensitizer and perylene as the energy acceptor/annihilator in deaerated benzene. Selective 635 nm excitation of PtTPBP results in the observation of perylene fluorescence centered at 451 nm. Stern−Volmer analysis of dynamic phosphorescence quenching of PtTPBP by perylene yields a triplet−triplet energy transfer quenching constant of 4.08 × 109 M−1s−1. Clear evidence for the subsequent triplet−triplet annihilation of 3perylene* was afforded by the quadratic dependence of the integrated perylene fluorescence spectra with respect to incident 635 nm light power. The maximum upconversion quantum yield of perylene fluorescence under our sensitized excitation conditions is 0.0065 ± 0.0001, as ascertained by relative actinometry. The present chromophore combination was successfully translated into the solid state using a low glass transition tem...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The research-to-date on mobile learning for K–12 students is summarized, and specific features and applications available on the iPod Touch that might impact student learning across the curricula are delineated.
Abstract: Advocates of ubiquitous computing have long been documenting classroom benefits of one-to-one ratios of students to handheld or laptop computers. The recent sophisticated capabilities of the iPod Touch, iPhone, and iPad have encouraged further speculation on exactly how K–12 teaching and learning might be energized by such devices. This paper summarizes the research-to-date on mobile learning for K–12 students, and then delineates specific features and applications available on the iPod Touch that might impact student learning across the curricula. Finally, caveats are offered regarding the introduction and assimilation of these handheld computers into K–12 schools.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Overt weight stigma was significantly associated with greater depression and binge eating and poorer weight loss treatment outcomes in a 14-week behavioral weight loss program, suggesting that overt weight stigma may be detrimental to overweight and obese individuals’ ability to lose weight and engage in behaviors consistent with weight loss.
Abstract: Weight stigma is pervasive and is associated with psychosocial distress. Little research has examined the association between weight stigma and weight loss treatment outcomes. The current investigation examined overt weight stigma, depression, binge eating, and weight loss treatment outcomes in a sample of 55 overweight and obese adults. Overt weight stigma was significantly associated with greater depression and binge eating and poorer weight loss treatment outcomes in a 14-week behavioral weight loss program, suggesting that overt weight stigma may be detrimental to overweight and obese individuals' ability to lose weight and engage in behaviors consistent with weight loss.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a longitudinal study examined how specific recovery experiences during the weekend (relaxation, mastery, control, and detachment) were associated with specific positive and negative affective states during the following workweek.
Abstract: Non-work experiences during the weekend provide opportunities to recover from work demands and to replenish lost resources. This longitudinal study examined how specific recovery experiences during the weekend (relaxation, mastery, control, and detachment), as well as non-work hassles, were associated with specific positive and negative affective states during the following workweek. Participants (N 1⁄4 229) completed surveys before the week- end, during the weekend, and during the following workweek. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that after controlling for affective states the previous week, recovery experiences during the weekend significantly explained variance in affective states at the end of the weekend and during the following workweek. Suggestions for future research include a closer examination of the role of individual differences, self-regulation, and specific work demands in employee stress recovery.

Book
26 Feb 2010
TL;DR: Legacies of Crime as mentioned in this paper explores the lives of seriously delinquent girls and boys in the United States who were followed over a twenty-year period as they grew to adulthood, and identifies family dynamics that foster the intergenerational transmission of crime, violence, and drug abuse, rejecting the notion that such continuities are based solely on genetic similarities or lax, inconsistent parenting.
Abstract: Legacies of Crime explores the lives of seriously delinquent girls and boys in the United States who were followed over a twenty-year period as they grew to adulthood. In-depth interviews with these women and men and their children - a majority now adolescents themselves - depict the adults' economic and social disadvantages and continued criminal involvement, and in turn the unique vulnerabilities of their children. Giordano identifies family dynamics that foster the intergenerational transmission of crime, violence, and drug abuse, rejecting the notion that such continuities are based solely on genetic similarities or even lax, inconsistent parenting. The author breaks new ground in directly exploring - and in the process revising - the basic tenets of classic social learning theories, and confronting the complications associated with the parent's gender. Legacies of Crime also identifies factors associated with resilience in the face of what is often a formidable package of risks favoring intergenerational continuity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In self-paced reading and event-related brain potential (ERP) experiments, comprehenders dynamically combine information about real-world events based on intrasentential agents and verbs, and this combination then rapidly influences online sentence interpretation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A taxonomy of four views-token, syntax, representation, and adaptation-to enable scholars and practitioners to specify their concept of information is presented.
Abstract: "Information" is poorly defined in the Information Systems research literature, and is almost always unspecified, a reflexive, all-purpose but indiscriminant solution to an unbounded variety of problems We present a taxonomy of four views-token, syntax, representation, and adaptation-to enable scholars and practitioners to specify their concept of information This taxonomy is normative, but we also provide a background review of the etymology and chronology of information, and we sample uses of the term in current IS research IS research will improve as the term information, via the taxonomy we contribute, is employed more explicitly and consistently

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The synthesis, structural characterization, electrochemistry, and molecular photophysics of [Ir(ppy)(2)(bpy-C[triple bond]C-Bodipy)](PF(6)), where ppy is 2-phenylpyridine and bpy- C-Bidipy is 5-ethynyl-2,2'-bipyridine, is presented.
Abstract: The synthesis, structural characterization, electrochemistry, and molecular photophysics of [Ir(ppy)2(bpy-C≡C-Bodipy)](PF6), where ppy is 2-phenylpyridine and bpy-C≡C-Bodipy is 5-ethynyl-2,2′-bipyridine-8-phenyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4,4-bis(2,5-dioxaoct-7-ynyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (4), is presented. Static and dynamic photoluminescence and absorption measurements in conjunction with cyclic voltammetry were employed to elucidate the nature of the intramolecular energy transfer processes occurring in the excited state of the title chromophore. Parallel studies were performed on appropriate model chromophores (2 and 3) intended to represent the photophysics of the isolated molecular subunits, that is, triplet metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer (3MLCT) and triplet Bodipy intraligand (3IL) excited states, respectively. Upon charge transfer excitation of the title chromophore, the 3MLCT based phosphorescence readily observed in 2 (Φem = 0.027, τ = 243 ns) is quantitatively quenched resulting from producti...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: NIR-to-visible photon upconversion is demonstrated and a new record anti-Stokes shift of 0.86 eV is achieved for sensitized TTA, using the supermolecular Pyr(1)RuPZn(2)sensitizer.
Abstract: Selective near-IR (NIR) excitation (780 nm) of the conjugated supermolecule ruthenium(II) [15-(4′-ethynyl-(2,2′;6′,2′′-terpyridinyl))-bis[(5,5′,-10,20-di(2′,6′-bis(3,3-dimethylbutoxy)phenyl)porphinato)zinc(II)]ethyne][4′-pyrrolidin-1-yl-2,2′;6′,2′′-terpyridine] bis(hexafluorophosphate) (Pyr1RuPZn2) in solutions containing N,N-bis(ethylpropyl)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylicdiimide (PDI) or tetracene gives rise to a substantial anti-Stokes energy gain (PDI, 0.70 eV; tetracene, 0.86 eV). Experimental data clearly demonstrate that this upconverted fluorescence signal is produced via Pyr1RuPZn2-sensitized triplet−triplet annihilation (TTA) photochemistry. The TTA process was confirmed by the quadratic dependence of the integrated 1PDI* emission centered at 541 nm derived from 780 nm laser excitation. The T1→Tn excited state absorption decay of Pyr1RuPZn2, monitored at 900 nm as a function of PDI concentration, revealed Stern−Volmer and bimolecular quenching constants of 10 048 M−1 and 5.9 × 108 M−1 s−1, resp...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a cross-sectional study of the Ohio Trauma Registry, a statewide database of all injured patients who died or were admitted for more than 48 hours to both trauma and nontrauma centers, was performed to identify at what age mortality truly increases for older victims of trauma.
Abstract: Objectives The chosen age cutoff for considering patients with trauma to be "elderly" has ranged from 55 to 80 years in trauma guidelines and studies. The goal of this study was to identify at what age mortality truly increases for older victims of trauma. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of the Ohio Trauma Registry, a statewide database of all injured patients who died or were admitted for more than 48 hours to both trauma and nontrauma centers. Patients 16 years or older entered into the registry between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2006, were included. Inhospital mortality rates were obtained and stratified by 5-year age intervals and by injury severity score (ISS). Rates between age groups were compared using logistic regression to identify significant differences in mortality. Results Included were 75 658 patients. In logistic regression, patients 70 to 74 years of age had significantly greater mortality than all younger age groups when stratified by ISS ( P ≤ .001-.004). When considering other 5-year age groups as referent (40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69 years old), no other group was associated with significantly increased mortality, as compared to younger groups ( P > .05 for all). Conclusion Patients 70 to 74 years of age have significantly greater mortality than all younger age groups when stratified by ISS. Age cutoffs based on younger ages are not associated with significant increases in mortality. An age of 70 years should be considered as an appropriate cutoff for considering a patient to be elderly in future studies of trauma and development of geriatric trauma triage criteria.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data from the 1994-95 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health was used to conduct logistic regression analyses that revealed adolescents in two biological married parent families were least likely to smoke or drink, whereas adolescents in cohabiting stepfamilies were most likely.
Abstract: This study examined whether family structure was associated with adolescent risk behaviors, including smoking and drinking. Family living arrangements have become increasingly diverse, yet research on adolescent risk behaviors has typically relied on measures of family structure that do not adequately capture this diversity. Data from the 1994-95 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used to conduct logistic regression analyses that revealed adolescents in two biological married parent families were least likely to smoke or drink, whereas adolescents in cohabiting stepfamilies were most likely. Those in single-mother families and married stepfamilies were in between. Maternal socialization was related to reduced odds of smoking and drinking. Maternal modeling was positively associated with smoking and drinking. Family structure is indicative of distinct family processes that are linked to risky behaviors among adolescents. Language: en

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors integrate a fully explicit model of agency costs into an otherwise standard Dynamic New Keynesian model in a particularly transparent way, and characterize agency costs as endogenous markup shocks in an output-gap version of the Phillips curve.
Abstract: This paper integrates a fully explicit model of agency costs into an otherwise standard Dynamic New Keynesian model in a particularly transparent way. A principal result is the characterization of agency costs as endogenous markup shocks in an output-gap version of the Phillips curve. The model's utility-based welfare criterion is derived explicitly and includes a measure of credit market tightness that we interpret as a risk premium. The paper also fully characterizes optimal monetary policy and provides conditions under which zero inflation is the optimal policy. Finally, optimal policy can be expressed as an inflation targeting criterion that (depending upon parameter values) can be either forward or backward looking.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Weight bias among treatment-seeking adults is associated with greater psychological maladjustment and may interfere with their ability to achieve optimal health and well-being.