Bowling Green State University

About: Bowling Green State University is a education organization based out in Bowling Green, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 8315 authors who have published 16042 publications receiving 482564 citations. The organization is also known as: BGSU.

Individual and status recognition in the crayfish, orconectes rusticus: the effects of urine release on fight dynamics

Abstract: This study examined individual and status recognition in dyadic interactions between crayfish and determines how blocking the release of urine, a known source of chemical cues, may influence recognition. Behavioral characteristics of agonistic interactions were compared between crayfish pairs that fought each other previously (familiar) and pairs derived from individuals with past status history but no previous experience with one another (unfamiliar). To address the role of urine born chemical cues in recognition, fight dynamics were examined in urine blocked and non-blocked familiar and unfamiliar pairs. Our results indicate the existence of status recognition in crayfish as first fights were longer than second fights and the statistical interaction between fight number and familiar/unfamiliar treatment was similar. Urine cues play a role in social recognition in that fights are longer and more intense when urine cues are absent than when urine cues are present. Communication of behavioral state through urine appears to play an important role in the agonistic interactions of crayfish.

Internet pornography use: perceived addiction, psychological distress, and the validation of a brief measure.

Abstract: The authors aimed to validate a brief measure of perceived addiction to Internet pornography refined from the 32-item Cyber Pornography Use Inventory, report its psychometric properties, and examine how the notion of perceived addiction to Internet pornography might be related to other domains of psychological functioning. To accomplish this, 3 studies were conducted using a sample of undergraduate psychology students, a web-based adult sample, and a sample of college students seeking counseling at a university's counseling center. The authors developed and refined a short 9-item measure of perceived addiction to Internet pornography, confirmed its structure in multiple samples, examined its relatedness to hypersexuality more broadly, and demonstrated that the notion of perceived addiction to Internet pornography is very robustly related to various measures of psychological distress. Furthermore, the relation between psychological distress and the new measure persisted, even when other potential contribut...

Statistical Computing with R

Abstract: preface Introduction Computational Statistics and Statistical Computing The R Environment Getting Started with R Using the R Online Help System Functions Arrays, Data Frames, and Lists Workspace and Files Using Scripts Using Packages Graphics Probability and Statistics Review Random Variables and Probability Some Discrete Distributions Some Continuous Distributions Multivariate Normal Distribution Limit Theorems Statistics Bayes' Theorem and Bayesian Statistics Markov Chains Methods for Generating Random Variables Introduction The Inverse Transform Method The Acceptance-Rejection Method Transformation Methods Sums and Mixtures Multivariate Distributions Stochastic Processes Exercises Visualization of Multivariate Data Introduction Panel Displays Surface Plots and 3D Scatter Plots Contour Plots Other 2D Representations of Data Other Approaches to Data Visualization Exercises Monte Carlo Integration and Variance Reduction Introduction Monte Carlo Integration Variance Reduction Antithetic Variables Control Variates Importance Sampling Stratified Sampling Stratified Importance Sampling Exercises R Code Monte Carlo Methods in Inference Introduction Monte Carlo Methods for Estimation Monte Carlo Methods for Hypothesis Tests Application Exercises Bootstrap and Jackknife The Bootstrap The Jackknife Jackknife-after-Bootstrap Bootstrap Confidence Intervals Better Bootstrap Confidence Intervals Application Exercises Permutation Tests Introduction Tests for Equal Distributions Multivariate Tests for Equal Distributions Application Exercises Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods Introduction The Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm The Gibbs Sampler Monitoring Convergence Application Exercises R Code Probability Density Estimation Univariate Density Estimation Kernel Density Estimation Bivariate and Multivariate Density Estimation Other Methods of Density Estimation Exercises R Code Numerical Methods in R Introduction Root-Finding in One Dimension Numerical Integration Maximum Likelihood Problems 1D Optimization 2D Optimization The EM Algorithm Linear Programming-The Simplex Method Application Exercises APPENDIX A: Notation APPENDIX B: Working with Data Frames and Arrays Resampling and Data Partitioning Subsetting and Reshaping Data Data Entry and Data Analysis References Index

Distinctive Expansion of Potential Virulence Genes in the Genome of the Oomycete Fish Pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica

Abstract: Oomycetes in the class Saprolegniomycetidae of the Eukaryotic kingdom Stramenopila have evolved as severe pathogens of amphibians, crustaceans, fish and insects, resulting in major losses in aquaculture and damage to aquatic ecosystems. We have sequenced the 63 Mb genome of the fresh water fish pathogen, Saprolegnia parasitica. Approximately 1/3 of the assembled genome exhibits loss of heterozygosity, indicating an efficient mechanism for revealing new variation. Comparison of S. parasitica with plant pathogenic oomycetes suggests that during evolution the host cellular environment has driven distinct patterns of gene expansion and loss in the genomes of plant and animal pathogens. S. parasitica possesses one of the largest repertoires of proteases (270) among eukaryotes that are deployed in waves at different points during infection as determined from RNA-Seq data. In contrast, despite being capable of living saprotrophically, parasitism has led to loss of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur assimilation pathways, strikingly similar to losses in obligate plant pathogenic oomycetes and fungi. The large gene families that are hallmarks of plant pathogenic oomycetes such as Phytophthora appear to be lacking in S. parasitica, including those encoding RXLR effectors, Crinkler's, and Necrosis Inducing-Like Proteins (NLP). S. parasitica also has a very large kinome of 543 kinases, 10% of which is induced upon infection. Moreover, S. parasitica encodes several genes typical of animals or animal-pathogens and lacking from other oomycetes, including disintegrins and galactose-binding lectins, whose expression and evolutionary origins implicate horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of animal pathogenesis in S. parasitica.