Bowling Green State University

About: Bowling Green State University is a education organization based out in Bowling Green, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 8315 authors who have published 16042 publications receiving 482564 citations. The organization is also known as: BGSU.

Lobster Sniffing: Antennule Design and Hydrodynamic Filtering of Information in an Odor Plume

Abstract: The first step in processing olfactory information, before neural filtering, is the physical capture of odor molecules from the surrounding fluid. Many animals capture odors from turbulent water currents or wind using antennae that bear chemosensory hairs. We used planar laser-induced fluorescence to reveal how lobster olfactory antennules hydrodynamically alter the spatiotemporal patterns of concentration in turbulent odor plumes. As antennules flick, water penetrates their chemosensory hair array during the fast downstroke, carrying fine-scale patterns of concentration into the receptor area. This spatial pattern, blurred by flow along the antennule during the downstroke, is retained during the slower return stroke and is not shed until the next flick.

Online Advertising Research in Advertising Journals: A Review

Abstract: Along with the rapid increase in the number of Internet users around the world, the World Wide Web has become the fastest growing advertising medium in this decade. The Interactive Advertising Bure...

Sperm dependence of female receptivity to remating in drosophila melanogaster.

Abstract: As a consequence of copulation, males of Drosophila melanogaster induce a variety of physiological and behavioral effects in the female. Egg production and oviposition are stimulated by products of the male's accessory glands (Kummer, 1960; Garcia-Bellido, 1964; Merle, 1968; Bumet et al., 1973), and female attractiveness and receptivity are both reduced following copulation. Changes in female attractiveness are mediated pheromonally. A change in pheromonal profile from courtship-eliciting to courtship-discouraging pheromones is induced during the first 3 min of copulation (Tompkins et al., 1980; Tompkins and Hall, 1981; Venard and Jallon, 1980). The seminal fluid enzyme esterase-6 metabolizes the seminal fluid component cis-vaccenyl acetate to produce the antiaphrodisiac cis-vaccenyl alcohol (Mane et al., 1983). Behavioral effects of this metabolite on female attractiveness have been demonstrated and have been shown to be short-lived. There is a close correspondence between the time course of these behavioral effects and those first identified by Manning (1967) as the "copulation effect." Manning (1962, 1967) also identified a "sperm effect" on female receptivity which is longer lasting and causes females to remain unreceptive to male courtship. The strength of the sperm effect seems to be proportional to the number of sperm in storage (Gromko and Pyle, 1978; Gromko et al., 1984). The sperm effect is characterized behaviorally by the use of ovipositor extrusion to reject males, a behavior used only in very low frequency by virgin females (Connolly and Cook, 1973; Tompkins and Hall, 1981). The "sperm effect" -or the sperm dependence of the return of female receptivity-is not evident when mated females are confined with second males continuously for 24 h (Newport and Gromko, 1984). In this paper we investigate the details of the sperm dependence of female receptivity within the context of an experimental design which allows females periodic interactions with second males. We also quantify the impact of sperm-dependent female receptivity on the reproductive outcome of double matings. We show that by causing females to delay remating, first males suffer very little reduction in reproductive success due to female remating.

Pd(II) phthalocyanine-sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation from rubrene.

Abstract: Upconverted yellow singlet fluorescence from rubrene (5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnapthacene) was generated from selective excitation (lambdaex = 725 nm) of the red light absorbing triplet sensitizer palladium(II) octabutoxyphthalocyanine, PdPc(OBu)8, in vacuum degassed toluene solutions using a Nd:YAG/OPO laser system in concert with gated iCCD detection. The data are consistent with upconversion proceeding from triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) of rubrene acceptor molecules. The TTA process was confirmed by the quadratic dependence of the upconverted delayed fluorescence intensity with respect to incident light, measured by integrating the corresponding kinetic traces as a function of the incident excitation power. In vacuum degassed toluene solutions, the red-to-yellow upconversion process is stable under continuous long wavelength irradiation and is readily visualized by the naked eye even at modest laser fluence (0.6 mJ/pulse). In aerated solutions, however, selective excitation of the phthalocyanine sensitizer leads to rapid decomposition of rubrene into its corresponding endoperoxide as evidenced by UV-vis (in toluene), 1H NMR (in d6-benzene), and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, consistent with the established reactivity of rubrene with singlet dioxygen. The upconversion process in this triplet sensitizer/acceptor-annihilator combination was preliminarily investigated in solid polymer films composed of a 50:50 mixture of an ethyleneoxide/epichlorohydrin copolymer, P(EO/EP). Films that were prepared under an argon atmosphere and maintained under this inert environment successfully achieve the anticipated quadratic incident power dependence, whereas air exposure causes the film to deviate somewhat from this dependence. To the best of our knowledge, the current study represents the first example of photon upconversion using a phthalocyanine triplet sensitizer, furthering the notion that anti-Stokes light-producing sensitized TTA appears to be a general phenomenon as long as proper energy criteria are met.