Bowling Green State University

About: Bowling Green State University is a education organization based out in Bowling Green, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 8315 authors who have published 16042 publications receiving 482564 citations. The organization is also known as: BGSU.

Absenteeism among hospital nurses: an idiographic-longitudinal analysis.

Abstract: For several months, nurses completed ratings of the degree to which certain events relevant to absence were present during each of their scheduled workdays. The event ratings for days when the nurses decided to be absent were then compared with those for days when the nurses attended. As expected, certain events, such as ill health and tiredness, tended to covary and proved to be consistently related to absenteeism across nurses. Also as expected, some events that were not especially relevant for the nurses as a whole, like having a sick family member or friend and concerns about previous poor attendance, nonetheless emerged as being relevant to the absence behavior of certain individuals. Finally, some events were consistently related to the nurses' expressed desire to be absent but not to actual absences. We discuss these differences from two perspectives, one emphasizing the role of attribution bias and the other, a two-stage process in which such bias has no major role.

An ecological genomic approach challenging the paradigm of differential plant responses to specialist versus generalist insect herbivores

Abstract: A general prediction of the specialist/generalist paradigm indicates that plant responses to insect herbivores may depend on the degree of ecological specialization of the insect attacker. However, results from a single greenhouse experiment evaluating the responses of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to three specialist (Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae, and Brevicoryne brassicae) and three generalist (Trichoplusia ni, Spodoptera exigua, and Myzus persicae) insect species did not support the previous prediction. Using an ecological genomic approach, we assessed plant responses in terms of herbivore-induced changes in genome-wide gene expression, defense-related pathways, and concentrations of glucosinolates (i.e., secondary metabolites that are ubiquitously present in cruciferous plants). Our results showed that plant responses were not influenced by the degree of specialization of insect herbivores. In contrast, responses were more strongly shaped by insect taxa (i.e., aphid vs. lepidopteran species), likely due to their different feeding modes. Interestingly, similar patterns of plant responses were induced by the same insect herbivore species in terms of defense signaling (jasmonic acid pathway), aliphatic glucosinolate metabolism (at both the gene expression and phenotypic levels) and genome-wide responses. Furthermore, plant responses to insect herbivores belonging to the same taxon (i.e., four lepidopteran species) were not explained by herbivore specialization or phylogenetic history. Overall, this study suggests that different feeding modes of insect taxa as well as herbivore-specific plant responses, which may result from distinct ecological/evolutionary interactions between A. thaliana (or a close relative) and each of the lepidopteran species, may explain why observed responses deviate from those predicted by the specialist/generalist paradigm.

People and the Land through Time: Linking Ecology and History

Abstract: All ecosystems have a history of past human impacts, some obvious, others subtle, Emily Russell contends in this fascinating exploration of historical ecology. To understand the lingering consequences of human history on current ecosystems and landscapes, and conversely to understand the role that changing environments have played in human history, the author urges an interdisciplinary approach. Different disciplines working together can develop information that none alone can provide. History matters for all manner of ecological and environmental studies, both theoretical and applied, says Russell, and integration of these disciplines can assist us in dealing responsibly with our role in the biosphere.