Bowling Green State University

About: Bowling Green State University is a education organization based out in Bowling Green, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 8315 authors who have published 16042 publications receiving 482564 citations. The organization is also known as: BGSU.

Supplier Development Programs: An Empirical Analysis

Abstract: INTRODUCTION In recent years, many US companies have come to recognize the crucial role that purchasing and materials management activities play in determining overall corporate performance The response to this realization has been a careful review of current practices in the purchasing and materials management areas Of main concern in many US companies is the buyer-seller relationship The traditional relationship between a buying firm and its suppliers has been characterized as adversarial and has placed emphasis on multiple sourcing, competitive bidding, and the use of short-term contracts This approach tends to focus on a short-term view of the purchase price and quality of a product or commodity, without taking into consideration adequately the long-term capabilities of individual suppliers|1~ Recently, however, in response to escalating competition, shorter product life cycles, and rapidly changing customer demands, more companies have become concerned and involved with developing long-term supplier capabilities Generally speaking, supplier development refers to an organization's efforts to create and maintain a network of competent suppliers|2~ From a narrow perspective, it can be defined as identifying new sources of supply where no adequate ones exist Defined more broadly, however, supplier development also involves a long-term cooperative effort between a buying firm and its suppliers to upgrade the suppliers' technical, quality, delivery, and cost capabilities and to foster ongoing improvements|3~ The ultimate goal of these programs is to form a mutually beneficial relationship that will help both firms compete more effectively in the marketplace Although the supplier development concept has been around for many years, little has been documented about the actual practices of the programs in terms of their objectives, key characteristics, and effectiveness Consequently, the basic purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of current activity and involvement in supplier development Specifically, the objectives of the study were: (1) to determine the current level of companies' involvement in supplier development, (2) to determine the characteristics of existing supplier development programs, and (3) to assess the accomplishments of these supplier development efforts THE STUDY A structured survey questionnaire was developed to gather general information about the respondent companies, along with specific information about their supplier development activities The questionnaire was divided into five sections: Company Demographics, Supplier Development Program Characteristics, Supplier Development Program Objectives, Importance of Supplier Capabilities, and Supplier Development Program Effectiveness Five hundred survey questionnaires were mailed to members of the Sixth District of the National Association of Purchasing Management whose names were randomly selected from a membership list Of the 500 surveys distributed, 81 usable responses were returned, for a response rate of slightly over 16 percent The responding companies represent a wide range of industry types, sizes, and purchasing departments Table I displays some of this demographic data The companies responding also vary in how the purchasing function is organized The responses ranged from 1 (decentralized) to 7 (centralized), with the mean response of 453 This score, coupled with the fact that 426 percent of the respondents chose response 6 or 7 on the scale, indicates a slight preference for a centralized purchasing structure STUDY FINDINGS Supplier Evaluation Practices As the first step in discussing the concept and practices of a supplier development program, respondents were asked a series of questions regarding their supplier evaluation practices These results are summarized in Table II More than 75 percent of the respondents reported that they evaluate suppliers regularly …

Molecular architectures of multi-anthracene assemblies

Abstract: Anthracene, with its molecular panel-like shape and robust photophysical behaviour, is a versatile building block that is widely used to construct attractive and functional molecules and molecular assemblies through covalent and non-covalent linkages. The intrinsic photophysical, photochemical and chemical properties of the embedded anthracenes often interact to engender desirable chemical behaviours and properties in multi-anthracene assemblies. This review article focuses on molecular architectures with linear, cyclic, cage, and capsule shapes, each containing three or more anthracene subunits.

Marriage and Child Well-Being: Research and Policy Perspectives

Abstract: Over the past decade, the linkages between marriage and child well-being have attracted the attention of researchers and policy makers alike. Children's living arrangements have become increasingly diverse and unstable, which raises important questions about how and why family structure and stability are related to child outcomes. This article reviews new research on this topic, emphasizing how it can inform policy debates about the role of marriage in reducing poverty and improving child outcomes. It also pays special attention to new scholarship on unmarried, primarily low-income families, the target of recent federal marriage initiatives, to appraise the potential contributions of family research to ongoing policy discussions.

Does Gender Modify the Effects of Race–ethnicity on Criminal Sanctioning? Sentences for Male and Female White, Black, and Hispanic Defendants

Abstract: Using data from large urban courts for the years 1990–1996 and drawing from the “focal concerns” framework on case-process decision making, we examine the main and interactive effects of gender and race–ethnicity on sentence outcomes. The main focus of the present study is whether the effects of race–ethnicity (and gender) on sentence outcomes are similar or different across gender (and racial–ethnic) groups. Consistent with the findings of prior research, we find that female defendants receive more lenient sentences than male defendants and that black and Hispanic defendants receive less favorable treatment than white defendants. However, these main effects are strongly dependent on whether the sample is partitioned by gender or race–ethnicity. We find that race–ethnicity influences male but not female sentences. Conversely, gender strongly influences sentencing across all racial–ethnic groups. These findings are at odds with the traditional view that leniency in court sanctioning typically by-passes “women of color.” Instead, it appears that black and Hispanic female defendants actually benefit more from their “female” status than would be expected all else equal.

Getting to the (Square) Root of the Problem: How to Make Noncoherent Pumped Upconversion Linear

Abstract: We present experimental data illustrating that photochemical upconversion based on sensitized triplet–triplet annihilation can exhibit anti-Stokes emissions whose intensities with respect to the excitation power can vary between quadratic and linear using a noncoherent polychromatic light source. The benchmark upconverting composition consisting of Pd(II) octaethylporphyrin (PdOEP) sensitizers and 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) acceptors/annihilators in toluene was selected to generate quadratic, intermediate, and linear behavior under both coherent and noncoherent excitation conditions. Each of these power laws was traversed in a single sample in one contiguous experiment through selective pumping of the sensitizer using an Ar+ laser. Wavelength-dependent responses ranging from quadratic to pseudolinear were also recorded from the identical sample composition when excited by Xe lamp/monochromator output in a conventional fluorimeter, where the optical density at λex dictates the observed incident power de...