Bowling Green State University

About: Bowling Green State University is a education organization based out in Bowling Green, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 8315 authors who have published 16042 publications receiving 482564 citations. The organization is also known as: BGSU.

Preadolescent Parenting Strategies and Teens' Dating and Sexual Initiation: A Longitudinal Analysis

Abstract: In this article we examine the effects of preadolescent parenting strategies on timing of adolescents' dating and sexual initiation. Using data from the 2 waves of the National Survey of Families and Households (1987-1988 and 19921994) involving interviews with parents as well as adolescents 4 years later, we estimate the effects of preadolescent parental support, coercive control, and monitoring on the timing of teens' dating and sexual initiation. We also examine how adolescents' gender, race, family structure, and socioeconomic background affect relationships between earlier parenting strategies and adolescent dating and sexual debut. We find evidence for the effect of preadolescent parental monitoring, though relatively little connection between parental support and coercive control, and variations in the timing of adolescent dating and sexual initiation. The findings suggest that parental monitoring prior to the onset of adolescence is important as a basic foundation for young people who later must make behavioral choices outside of parental purview. Key Words: adolescent sexual debut, parental control tech niques, parental support, parent-child socialization. A growing body of research has examined factors associated with adolescent dating and sexual initiation. These factors include the peer group (e.g., Brazzell & Acock, 1988; East, Felice, & Morgan, 1993; Giordano, 1995; Miller et al., 1997), dating partners (e.g., Giordano, Longmore, & Manning, 1998), and community characteristics (e.g., Billy, Brewster, & Grady, 1994; Brewster, 1994; Lauritsen, 1994; South & Lloyd, 1992). Clearly, parents also influence adolescents' dating and sexual behaviors (e.g., Gray & Steinberg, 1999; Rosenthal, Feldman, & Edwards, 1998). In contrast to the influence of peers, dating partners, and community factors, parents are nonreplaceable significant others who are responsible for the primary socialization of children and adolescents. Gray and Steinberg note that "parents influence the development of general social competence and skills, which gain expression in the behaviors adolescents adopt in romantic relationships" (p. 254). Consequently, adolescents' dating and sexual behaviors may vary as a function of parental socialization strategies. In this article, we argue that because of their importance in the development of social competencies, parenting strategies prior to the onset of adolescence may affect teens' dating and sexual behavior. Research suggests that parental control, monitoring, and supervision of adolescents influence dating and sexual attitudes and behaviors (Dornbusch et al., 1985; Hogan & Kitagawa, 1985; Miller, McCoy, Olson, & Wallace, 1986). Similarly, parental closeness and support influence adolescent sexual attitudes and behavior (Raffaelli, Bogenschneider, & Flood, 1998; Weinstein & Thornton, 1989). Most of this research, however, examines the adolescent period, when dating, and perhaps sexual activity, are already underway. What has not been examined are the effects of preadolescent parenting strategies on adolescents' dating and sexual initiation. This is surprising, because scholars have argued that by adolescence the groundwork of parental socialization is nearly complete; consequently, adolescence can be thought of as a time of testing parents' earlier socialization techniques (e.g., Gecas & Seff, 1990). Similarly, we argue that parenting strategies prior to the onset of adolescence provide a basic foundation for young people who must later make behavioral choices regarding dating and sexual activity outside of parental purview. We believe it is important to understand how these earlier parenting strategies influence both dating and sexual debut and to examine these activities both separately and in tandem. First, understanding the onset of adolescent sexual activity, whether or not an adolescent has dated, is important because of the association of early sex with less frequent contraceptive use, potentially more frequent sexual activity, and greater numbers of sexual partners (Alan Guttmacher Institute, 1994). …

Sensing of antipyretic carboxylates by simple chromogenic calix[4]pyrroles.

Abstract: We present a simple, two- or three-step method for the synthesis of chromogenic octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole-based (OMCP) sensors for anions. Electrophilic aromatic substitution allows for converting ...

Modeling faking good on personality items: An item-level analysis.

Abstract: Research has consistently demonstrated that personality inventories can be faked; however. there is disagreement about what effect faking has on the measurement properties of tests. This research examines the effects of experimentally induced faking on item-level measurement using polytomous item response theory. Military recruits were instructed to complete a personality inventory under 1 of 3 conditions: answer honestly, fake good, or fake good with coaching. A graded response model (F. Samejima, 1969) was fit to items from 3 personality scales. Although there was a large difference in latent personality trait scores because of faking, there were few differences in the functioning of items across conditions. Results of confirmatory factor analyses suggest that faking leads to an increase in common variance that was unrelated to substantive construct variance. Implications for modeling and detection of faking are discussed.

Framing identities: Gender, ethnic, and national parity in network announcing of the 2002 winter Olympics

Abstract: Analysis of 53 prime-time hours of host and reporter commentary in the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics located the degree and types of gender, ethnic, and national biases hidden within the prime-time network telecasts. Not surprisingly, most of the clock time went to men, most of the top 20 most mentioned athletes were men, and most of the athlete mentions and descriptors were devoted to men. Ethnic findings showed that four fifths of all athletes mentioned and the top 20 most mentioned were White. Surprisingly, non-American athletes were mentioned more frequently than American athletes were, but American athletes were characterized as being more composed and courageous whereas non-American athletes were described as succeeding because of experience.

Frequency and isostericity of RNA base pairs

Abstract: Most of the hairpin, internal and junction loops that appear single-stranded in standard RNA secondary structures form recurrent 3D motifs, where non-Watson-Crick base pairs play a central role. Non-Watson-Crick base pairs also play crucial roles in tertiary contacts in structured RNA molecules. We previously classified RNA base pairs geometrically so as to group together those base pairs that are structurally similar (isosteric) and therefore able to substitute for each other by mutation without disrupting the 3D structure. Here, we introduce a quantitative measure of base pair isostericity, the IsoDiscrepancy Index (IDI), to more accurately determine which base pair substitutions can potentially occur in conserved motifs. We extract and classify base pairs from a reduced-redundancy set of RNA 3D structures from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and calculate centroids (exemplars) for each base combination and geometric base pair type (family). We use the exemplars and IDI values to update our online Basepair Catalog and the Isostericity Matrices (IM) for each base pair family. From the database of base pairs observed in 3D structures we derive base pair occurrence frequencies for each of the 12 geometric base pair families. In order to improve the statistics from the 3D structures, we also derive base pair occurrence frequencies from rRNA sequence alignments.