Bowling Green State University

About: Bowling Green State University is a education organization based out in Bowling Green, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 8315 authors who have published 16042 publications receiving 482564 citations. The organization is also known as: BGSU.

Crime Prevention: Approaches, Practices and Evaluations

Abstract: 1. Crime and the Fear of Crime 2. Crime Prevention 3. Evaluation and Crime Prevention Section I: Primary Prevention 4. The Physical Environment and Crime 5. Neighborhood Crime Prevention 6. Displacement and Diffusion 7. The Mass Media and Crime Prevention 8. Developmental Prevention 9. General Deterrence Section II: Secondary Prevention 10. Prediction for Secondary Prevention 11. Situational Crime Prevention 12. Partnerships for Crime Prevention 13. Drugs, Crime, and Crime Prevention 14. The School and Crime Prevention Section III: Tertiary Prevention 15. Specific Deterrence and Incapacitation 16. Rehabilitation 17. Some Closing Thoughts on Crime Prevention and the Future

Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, Tumor Uptake, and Preliminary in Vivo Photosensitizing Efficacy of a Homologous Series of 3-(1‘-Alkyloxy)ethyl-3-devinylpurpurin-18-N-alkylimides with Variable Lipophilicity†

Abstract: Starting from methylpheophorbide-a, a homologous series of purpurinimides containing alkyl substituents at two different positions [as 3-(1(1)-O-alkyl) and 13(2)-N-alkyl] were synthesized. These compounds with variable lipophilicity (log P 5.32-16.44) exhibit long wavelength absorption near lambda(max)700 nm (epsilon: 45 000 in dichloromethane) with singlet oxygen ((1)O2) production in the range of 57-60%. The shifts in in vivo absorptions and tumor/skin uptake of these compounds were determined in C3H mice bearing RIF tumors by in vivo reflectance spectroscopy. The results obtained from a set of photosensitizers with similar lipophilicity (log P 10.68-10.88) indicate that besides the overall lipophilicity, the presence and position of the alkyl groups (O-alkyl vs N-alkyl) in a molecule play an important role in tumor uptake, tumor selectivity, and in vivo PDT efficacy. At present, all purpurinimide analogues are being evaluated at various doses, and experiments are underway to establish a quantitative structure-activity relationship on a limited set of compounds. The 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry analyses confirmed the structures of the desired purpurinimides and the byproducts formed during various reaction conditions. The mechanisms of the formation of the unexpected 12-formyl- and 12-(hydroxymethyl)purpurinimides under certain reaction conditions are also discussed.