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Showing papers by "Brigham Young University published in 1972"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for calculating equilibrium constants and enthalpy change values from titration data by least squares analysis is presented. But it is not shown how to calculate the energy contributed to the overall heat effects measured in the reaction vessel by processes other than chemical reactions such as heat of stirring, heat losses, heat of dilution, etc.

161 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The titration calorimetry (TC) method as discussed by the authors can be used in any solvent to determine equilibrium constants for proton ionization and metal ion interactions over a large pH range for simple and complex equilibria.

150 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the relative importance of 4f bonding and size effects in the formation of LFe2 compounds (L = lanthanide) is discussed, and the lattice parameters of PrFe2, NdFe2 and YbFe2 are discussed.

123 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the determination of equilibrium constants and enthalpy change values from titration calorimetry data has been demonstrated for three chemical systems and the computational methods outlined in the previous papers of this series can be used to calculate the heat, Qc, produced, due to the reaction(s) of interest and from these Qc values the K and ΔDH values can be calculated for the interactions occuring in the calorimeter.

102 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship of age and sex of three-, four-, and five-year-old children with a series of six "fantasy" and six reality pictures.
Abstract: Summary In an effort to investigate the relationship of age and sex of three-, four-, and five-year-old children a series of six “fantasy” and six reality pictures was administered to 78 Ss. From the S's description of each picture a decision was made as to whether he could distinguish the picture as being realistic or unrealistic. It was found that the ability of the Ss increased with age but that there were no sex differences.

72 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a potentiometric method using a glass electrode has been applied to determination of apparent ionization constants for water in binary mixtures of water with tetrahydrofuran, methanol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, sucrose, and glucose at 25°C.
Abstract: A potentiometric method using a glass electrode has been applied to determination of apparent ionization constants for water in binary mixtures of water with tetrahydrofuran, methanol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, sucrose, and glucose at 25°C. Further calculations with these apparent ionization constants, which are now based explicitly on the previously implicit assumption that ionization of the organic component is negligible compared to ionization of water, permit evaluation of ionization constants for several very weak acids in purely aqueous solvent. Resulting pK values derived from this work and from our earlier work are as follows: glucose (12.38), sucrose (12.75 and 12.80), glycerol (14.05 and 14.07), ethylene glycol (14.44 and 14.52), methanol (15.2), 1,3-propanediol (14.8 and 15.0), 1-propanol (15.1), 2-propanol (15.7), and 2-methyl-2-propanol (15.0).

52 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the solid-liquid phase equilibria diagram for water + ethylene glycol was determined with high precision, and the two eutectics were at (224.12 ± 0.05) and (230.22 ± 0.05) K and mole fractions 0.541 and 0.335, respectively.

50 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a calorimetric study has been made of proton ionization in dilute aqueous solution from cycloalkanecarboxylic acids at 10, 25, and 40°.

49 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
10 Mar 1972-Science
TL;DR: The reaction of cell suspensions of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans with pulverized chalcocite in a Warburg manometric apparatus resulted in oxygen uptake accompanied by increased solubilization of copper and fixation of carbon dioxide.
Abstract: The reaction of cell suspensions of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans with pulverized chalcocite (Cu 2 S) in a Warburg manometric apparatus resulted in oxygen uptake accompanied by increased solubilization of copper and fixation of carbon dioxide. Since the only detectable oxidized products were cupric ions and the more oxidized form of the sulfide mineral, that is, digenite or covellite, the apparent source of energy for the carbon dioxide fixation was provided by the oxidation of the cuprous copper of the chalcocite.

45 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that the Ss learned an average of 90% of the material presented under the waking condition, but only anAverage of 30% under the Stage I REM sleep.
Abstract: Eleven highly hypnotically susceptible Ss participated in a sleep-learning experiment which involved sleeping in the laboratory on two successive nights. The first night served as an adaptation period, and the second, an experimental period. Ten simple Russian-English word pairs were learned in the waking state upon awakening from the adaption night. Prior to going to sleep on the experimental night, the Ss were hypnotized, and given suggestions to perceive and remember the words to be presented. A second list of ten Russian-English word pairs were presented during emergent Stage I REM sleep monitored electroencephalographically and electromyographically. It was found that the Ss learned an average of 90% of the material presented under the waking condition, but only an average of 30% under the Stage I REM sleep. It was concluded that learning during sleep as here defined was possible but not practical.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an improvement to the WKB quantum condition for the rotation vibration levels of diatomic molecules, known empirically to give RKR potentials of increased accuracy and to account for the Dunham correction Y00, is derived using uniform asymptotic methods.
Abstract: An improvement to the WKB quantum condition for the rotation‐vibration levels of diatomic molecules, known empirically to give RKR potentials of increased accuracy and to account for the Dunham correction Y00, is derived using uniform asymptotic methods. The role of the Langer transformation in this problem is also discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Partial purification of formate dehydrogenase from Clostridium acidiurici has been accomplished, and some properties of the enzyme have been determined.
Abstract: Partial purification of formate dehydrogenase from Clostridium acidiurici has been accomplished, and some properties of the enzyme have been determined The molecular weight of the protein is at least 200,000 daltons The enzyme showed marked instability to freezing and thawing and was inhibited strongly by oxygen and by light Such inhibition was not reversed by incubation in the presence of thiol compounds Cyanide inhibited the enzyme 90% at 01 mm concentrations, but ethylenediaminetetraacetate produced only slight inhibition at concentrations as high as 50 mm The purified enzyme showed no ferredoxin activity in the Clostridium pasteurianum clastic system during pyruvate oxidation Crude preparations of the enzyme could be coupled through ferredoxin to the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide during formate oxidation, but the purified enzyme could not catalyze the reduction of pyridine nucleotides by formate in the presence of ferredoxin Formate oxidation with the purified enzyme was readily coupled to benzyl viologen reduction, in which case ferredoxin was not required An exchange between formate and bicarbonate was catalyzed by both crude and purified preparations of the enzyme, but the net synthesis of formate from CO 2 was not accomplished

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: l-Serine dehydratase from Clostridium acidiurici was purified 400-fold and the reducing agent of choice was dithiothreitol, and the presence of pyridoxal phosphate as coenzyme was indicated.
Abstract: l-Serine dehydratase from Clostridium acidiurici was purified 400-fold. The enzyme required activation by catalytic amounts of ferrous ion and a thiol reducing agent before the addition of substrate. Several cations tested were unable to substitute for divalent iron. The reducing agent of choice was dithiothreitol. The activation was presumed to result in the formation of an iron-enzyme complex, because once activated the enzyme retained essentially full activity in a reaction mixture not supplemented with iron or reducing agent. The reaction with substrate was carried out at pH 8.4 in phosphate buffer and was specific for l-serine. The presence of pyridoxal phosphate as coenzyme was indicated by absorption maxima at 330 and 420 nm and fluorescence maxima at 390 and 520 nm.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of sex of subject, sex of approaching person, and angle of approach upon personal space were investigated. But they did not consider the effect of the angle of the approach on personal space.
Abstract: (1972). The Effects of Sex of Subject, Sex of Approaching Person, and Angle of Approach upon Personal Space. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 82, No. 2, pp. 277-286.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The phosphotransacetylase from Clostridium acidiurici has two properties not observed for this enzyme in other bacteria: (i) it requires a divalent metal for activity, and (ii) it is not subject to uncoupling by arsenate.
Abstract: The phosphotransacetylase from Clostridium acidiurici has two properties not observed for this enzyme in other bacteria: (i) it requires a divalent metal for activity, and (ii) it is not subject to uncoupling by arsenate. The enzyme has been obtained in highly purified form, with a specific activity 500-fold higher than crude extracts. Ferrous or manganous ions are required for maximal activity, with Mn(2+) being 50 to 75% as effective as Fe(2+). The acetyl group can be transferred from acetyl phosphate to coenzyme A in 20 mm arsenate without a net decrease in high-energy acyl linkages. Likewise, H(32)PO(4) (2-) will exchange with acetyl-PO(4) (2-) in the presence of arsenate without loss of acetyl phosphate. This suggests that the active site on the enzyme is capable of discriminating between phosphate and arsenate while permitting the reversible transfer of acyl groups between CoA and phosphate.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a calorimetric study has been made of proton ionization from several monosubstituted protonated pyridines in aqueous solution at 10, 25, and 40°.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The level of transmethylase activity was higher in brain than in any other tissue examined including liver and kidney, and the enzyme showed a greater dependency upon S -adenosyl methionine and a reducing system.

Patent
B Pope1
30 Mar 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, a VERTICAL COLUMN is used as a PLUG-FLOW REACTOR to cope with the effects of a large number of floating objects.
Abstract: LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION AND PLUG-FLOW REACTOR APPARATUS COMPRISING A VERTICAL COLUMN HAVING A PLURALITY OF ALTORNATELY STATIONARY AND ROTATABLE PERFORATED PLATES OR DISKS IN SPACED RELATION. A COMPARATIVELY HEAVY LIQUID PHASE IS PASSED FROM THE TOP TO THE BOTTOM OF THE VERTICAL COLUMN AND A COMPARATIVELY LIGHT LIQUID PHASE IS PASSED FROM THE BOTTOM TO THE TOP OF THE COLUMN IN COUNTERCURRENT FLOW, DROPLETS ARE FORMED AS THE LIQUID PHASES PASS THROUGH THE PERFORATIONS. THE ROTATING PERFORATED PLATES ADVANTAGEOUSLY SHEAR THE DROPLETS TO FORM MANY NEW INTERFACIAL SURFACES. THE STATIONARY AND ROTATABLE PERFORATED PLATES BOTH EXTEND ACROSS ESSENTIALLY THE ENTIRE DIAMETER OF THE VERTICAL COLUMN SO THAT LIQUID IS FORCED TO PASS THROUGH APERTURES IN THE PLATES. ACCORDINGLY, BACKMIXING HAS BEEN FOUND TO BE SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCED AND SEPARATION EFFICIENTLY INCREASED. THE COMBINATION OF GOOD RADIAL MIXING AND LIMITED AXIAL OR BACKMIXING MAKES THE APPARATUS ESPECIALLY WELL-SUITED FOR USE AS A PLUG-FLOW REACTOR.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the hydrogen bonding dimerization of acetic acid in anhydrous CCl 4 and benzene solutions at 25° has been investigated by a dilution calorimetric technique.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the diffusion of copper in lead has been investigated using radioactive-tracer and sectioning techniques, and the measured diffusion coefficients span the hydrostatic pressure range 0---56 kbar and temperature range 218---530\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C.
Abstract: The diffusion of copper in lead has been investigated using radioactive-tracer and sectioning techniques. The measured diffusion coefficients span the hydrostatic pressure range 0---56 kbar and temperature range 218---530\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The activation energy and volume at the melting temperature and atmospheric pressure are, respectively, $\ensuremath{\Delta}H=5.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$ kcal/mole and $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}V}{{V}_{0}}=0.04\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$. The pressure and temperature coefficients of the activation volume, although quite uncertain, were also determined. The small activation energy and volume indicate that copper diffuses in lead primarily by the interstitial mechanism.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Changes in lipid components were determined during germination of spores of Rhizopus arrhizus Fischer, where the predominant fatty acids in the ungerminated spores were palmitic, oleic and linoleic, whereas in the germinated spore they were stearic and Oleic.
Abstract: Changes in lipid components were determined during germination of spores of Rhizopus arrhizus Fischer. During the first 2 h of germination the total lipids decreased then the concentration of total lipids increased during the later periods. The content of neutral lipids decreased during germination, whereas the content of polar lipids increased. The free fatty-acid content decreased during the 8 h germination period, whereas the mono-, di- and triglyceride concentrations varied during the germination process. The predominant fatty acids in the ungerminated spores were palmitic, oleic and linoleic, whereas in the germinated spore they were stearic and oleic.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The hexagonal lattice parameters (a, c ) are (5.298, 8.939, 5.323, 9.004), and 5.42 and 9.00, respectively as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The compounds SmRu 2 , NdRu 2 and LaOs 2 have the cubic MgCu2-type structure when prepared at atmospheric pressure. By application of pressures up to 88 kbar, these compounds were prepared with the hexagonal MgZn 2 -type structure. The hexagonal lattice parameters ( a , c ) are (5.298, 8.939), (5.323, 9.004), and (5.42, 9.00), respectively. The formation of these hexagonal polymorphs is attributed to the effect of pressure on the relative atomic size of the lanthanide vs. that of Ru or Os. The amount of 4 f bonding in these compounds has no influence on the type of polymorph formed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: London finder grids (H-2) and 3 mm copper discs were flared on opposite sides by use of a die and punch and attached with vaseline and the specimen was squeezed through the grid apertures by the 2 copper discs.
Abstract: London finder grids (H-2) and 3 mm copper discs were flared on opposite sides by use of a die and punch. The grids were registered on the discs and attached with vaseline. The specimen was squeezed through the grid apertures by the 2 copper discs. The complete sandwich was frozen in freon 22 and placed in a hinged specimen holder which fractured the layer of the specimen between the 2 finder grids. Platinum-carbon and carbon replicas were made immediately after fracturing. After drying the replicas, the vaseline was removed by chloroform, and replicas were cleaned with 70% H2SO4 for 1–18 hr at 52 C, followed by 6% commercial sodium hypochlorite (Chlorox) for 1–2 hr at 23–25 C.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Polar lipids of three phytopathogenic fungi, Alternaria dauci , Fusarium solani f.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Serine transhydroxymethylase has been purified 150-fold from bovine brain and the maximum catalytic activity occurred at pH 7.6 and the Michaelis constant for serine was 6.7 × 10 −4 m .


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, high pressures and high temperatures were used to synthesize previously unknown LaCo 2, which has the cubic MgCu 2 -type structure with a lattice parameter of 7.449 A.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, simple formulas involving oscillator strength sums S (k), with half-integer k, were given to give an asymptotic series of upper and lower bounds to van der Waals coefficients.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two studies were used to compare growth responses and carcass qualities of 36 Holstein bull calves fed whole milk, calf starters with 5% animal fat, and calf starters without supplemental fat, finding the DE:DP ratio of 34.6:l was optimal for protein and energy utilization and animal growth response.