Showing papers by "Brigham Young University published in 1973"

The human vocal cords: a mathematical model. II.

Abstract: A mathematical model for digital computer simulation of human-like utterances is developed. The overall system consists of a period structure of 16 coupled masses for each of the vocal cords, an 18-se

Thermodynamics of cation-macrocyclic compound interaction

Abstract: Recently reported synthetic macrocyclic molecules with hydrophilic cavities containing multiple binding atoms and with hydrophobic exteriors make possible controlled studies of selective cation complexation. Certain of these cation-ligand systems appear to mimic biological systems which have remarkable element specificities. Such cation-ligand systems may be considered as models for the study of this unusual property of living systems.

World of work on TV: Ethnic and sex representation in TV drama

Abstract: On the pages which follow, authors Seggar and Wheeler explore the increasing use of minority group members in network television programming. They focus on a sample period in 1971 to show variances in dramatic portrayals of minority versus white American roles. Dr. Seggar received his Ph.D. from Kentucky in 1968 and has since taught at Brigham Young University where he is now associate professor of sociology. Ms. Wheeler received her MA in sociology at BYU in 1971. An earlier version of this paper was first presented at the 1972 convention of the Association for Education in Journalism.

4: Instructional Development: Methodology and Research:

Abstract: Within the past few years, a major portion of the money available for educational improvement has been channeled into the development of instructional systems and products, and a number of books and manuals to give guidance to developers of instructional systems have appeared (Briggs, 1970; Gerlack & Ely, 1971; Kemp, 1971; M. D. Merrill, 1971 la; Popham & Baker, 1970). While they vary in terminology and detail, they all include the following components: behavioral objectives, pretest, instructional activities, posttest, and revision based on empirical tryouts. This model was first given widespread exposure by Glaser (1965, 1966) in his papers describing the emerging field of instructional psychology. M. D. Merrill (1972a, 1972b) has suggested that three premises underlie this basic model:

Computer-Based Optimal Design of Sewer Systems

Abstract: Based on a wide scope of model tests performed in cohesionless soils media, the bearing capacity and efficiency of various pile groups and the action of piles in a group have been considered in detail. The test results have shown that under certain conditions the ultimate load of a group could not be identical with the sum of the bearing capacity of single piles constituting the group, and that action of the pile groups depends in particular on: (1) initial compaction of soil; (2) spacing of piles in a group; and (3) the shape of groups and the number of piles in a group. Some suggestions for calculation of the bearing capacity of pile groups have been presented.

Development of a Personal Space Measure

Abstract: The development of a measure of simulated personal space, using standardized instructions, is described. Reliability and validity were assessed.

The effect of interactive‐image elaboration on the acquisition of foreign language vocabulary

Abstract: Interactive-image mnemonics were used by college age men and women to learn the meanings of German words One experimental treatment provided ready-made interactive pictures and the other a procedure by which Ss could generate their own mental mnemonic pictures The two control treatments included a repetition group and one which received no prescribed learning strategy The two experimental groups remembered approximately twice as many words as either of the control groups, both on an immediate recall test and a delayed-retention test two weeks later Data from self-reports suggested that over 75 per cent of the words which were remembered by Ss across all treatment conditions (including the control groups) were learned by elaborative strategies These results suggest that the use of elaborative devices, either spontaneously or by design, is a natural and effective way for Ss to approach this kind of task

Ultrastructure of dormant and germinated sporangiospores of Rhizopus arrhizus.

Abstract: Ultrastructural investigations of dormant and germinated sporangiospores ofRhizopus arrhizus were conducted by the use of thin sectioning and freeze-etching procedures. Dormant spores contained deep furrows and prominent ridges with swellings along the sides of the ridges. The furrows and ridges almost disappeared as spores swelled during germination. The plasma membranes contained protuberances or depressions (approximately 50 nm diam) depending upon the nature of the fracture. Mitochondria in dormant spores were spherical and contained few cristae compared to mitochondria of germinated spores which were larger, more diverse in shape and contained abundant cristae. Treatments of spores with 20–25% glycerol prior to freeze-etching or thin sectioning resulted in the production of artifacts between the cell wall and the plasma membrane. Vesicles were rarely observed at the apices of young germ tubes, but were present in abundance in growing hyphal tips. Surface views of young germ tubes revealed the presence of microfibrils.

Pressure and temperature formation of A3B compounds I. Nb3Si and V3Al

Abstract: The formation of the two compounds Nb 3 Si and V 3 Al has been investigated under high pressures and temperatures (20–70 kbar, 1000–2000 °C). In no case was it possible to synthesize a compound with the cubic A 15 structure, but in both cases a body-centered cubic structure, previously unknown, has been obtained. Other new compounds of vanadium with aluminum are also reported. The appearance of the A 15 structure is discussed and it is suggested that it may be possible to synthesize cubic A 15 V 3 Al under very high pressures but that cubic A 15 Nb 3 Si should not form at any pressure.

Developmental Trends in Personal Space.

Abstract: Personal space scores were obtained for 11 males and females in each of six elementary school grades toward four stimulus persons: man, woman, boy, girl. An analysis of variance with sex, grade, and stimulus person as the main effects produced significant sex, grade, sex × grade, and sex × stimulus person effects. Males had a larger personal space than females at all grades and for all stimulus persons. The mean for male third graders was significantly different from all other means for males and females. A larger personal space for males than for females established by the third grade tended to remain until the sixth grade, although personal space tended to decline for both sexes. A consistent downward trend in personal space for females reversed itself in the sixth grade when the personal space for females increased to approximately the same distance as for male sixth graders. The personal space of males and females toward men, women, and same sexed children tended to be at about the same level. However, personal space toward opposite sexed children tended to be smaller.

The reproductive biology of the leech Helobdella stagnalis (L.) in Utah Lake, Utah

Abstract: Summary The reproductive biology of the glossiphoniid leech Helobdella stagnalis in Utah Lake, Utah was studied for an 18-month period from June 1970 to December 1971. In this lake it was found that the overwintering adult leeches produce two broods of young in May and June. Evidence is presented to support the idea that the same individual can produce two broods. Two complete cycles of gametogenesis also take place. Continuous water temperatures were recorded at the study site to correlate with reproductive activity. Gametogenesis appears to be temperature dependent with the first generation of sperm taking 4 months to be produced in the fall and winter months while the second generation of sperm is produced in 6 weeks during the spring. Egg production follows a similar pattem.

Social Identities in Anglo and Latin Adolescents

Abstract: Social identities, conceptualized as self-designations and measured by the TST, were examined for samples of high school adolescents in three societies: the United States, Puerto Rico, and Mexico Four identities were explored in terms of salience, frequency, and valence: gender, religion, family, and peer For both males and females in Latin and Anglo cultures gender emerged as the most prominent identity Religious IDs were more frequent for Catholic adolescents The strongest cultural difference was found with respect to negative religious IDs: these were significantly more frequent for Anglo adolescents Positive gender and family IDs were more frequent for Latin adolescents, while peer IDs were slightly more common self-designations for Anglos These tendencies were generally in the expected direction Social and cultural differences between these Anglo and Latin societies were considered as explanations for variations in adolescent identity structures The concept of identity, as used by social psychologists of a sociological bent, refers to the locatioin of an individual in social space (Goffman, 1959; Stone, 1962; Strauss, 1959) This social space consists of the myriad of statuses and roles which a society provides to its members Their selective internalization and integration form the structure of a person's self-concept As Stone (1962:93) pointed out, identity establishes what and where the person is in social terms: "When one has identity, he is situated-that is, cast in the shape of a social object by the acknowledgment of his participation or memberships in social relations" Similarly, Kuhn and McPartland (1954) viewed the self-concept as deriving its consistency and structure from social affiliations From this perspective, a person may (and usually does) have many identities depending on the diversity of social relations in which he engages Some identities are more important than others depending on the degree to which an individual is committed to them; the amount of the "self" that is encompassed by them; and the number of social situations in which they are relevant The structure of the self can be viewed as the hierarchical organization of a person's identities (cf Gordon, 1968; Kuhn and McPartland, 1954; McCall and Simmons, 1966) Identity conceptualized in these terms is more accurately termed social identity, to distinguish it from personal identity (see McCall and Simmons, 1966; Sarbin, 1970, for this distinction) Social identities are derived from a person's group memberships and roles They are expressed through broad social categories such as occupation, sex, religion, family, etc Personal identity, on the other hand, typically refers to self-definitions in terms of unique characteristics' This is similar to Kuhn and McPartland's (1954) distinction between consensual and subconsensual identities * This research was supported by NSF Grant GS 2650; a Woodrow Wilson Dissertation Fellowship; and by Project 1743, Department of Rural Sociology, College of Agriculture, Washington State University as scientific paper No 3905, Washington Agricultural Experiment Station 1 Another usage of the concept of identity as a personal experience is exemplified in the work of Erik Erikson Erikson (1956:60) views identity as a highly subjective, personal experience which the individual develops about who he is He discusses its expression in at least four distinct ways: "At one time it will appear to refer to a conscious sense of individual identity; at another, to an unconscious striving for a continuity of personal character; at a third, as a criterion for the silent doings of ego synthesis; and finally, as maintenance of an inner solidarity with a group's ideals and identity"

Women on Skid Row.

Abstract: The drinking patterns and practices of homeless women and men are compared. Homeless women alcoholics may well be the most isolated and disaffiliated residents of Skid Row.

Content and instructional analysis for cognitive transfer tasks

Abstract: The task analysis procedures described in this paper are based on the following assumptions: 1) content and instructional strategy are independent phenomena; 2) most courses, particularly at the secondary or higher education level, involve only two types of content-concepts and operations; 3) concepts and operations can be represented at two levels of abstraction-generalities and instances; 4) most courses, particularly at the secondary or higher education level, involve only four levels of behavior-discriminated recall, classification, rule using, and rule finding;' 5) instructional strategies should revolve around rule-using or rule-finding tasks based on mastery models derived from needs and goals. It has been found that these assumptions significantly simplify task analysis procedures. The content specialist with the assistance of an instructional psychologist does not spend time writing behavioral objectives but instead performs two separate and somewhat independent tasks-content analysis and instructional analysis.

Differential effects of convulsive drugs on photically evoked after-discharge parameters.

Abstract: Since sub-convulsive doses of pentylenetetrazol (Metrazol) had been shown to augment photically evoked after-discharge (AD) patterns both in terms of elicitation threshold and amplitude of spindle bursts, it was questioned whether these observations were indicative of those that might be obtained with other drugs categorized in the general class of convulsive agents. It was found that picrotoxin and strychnine were ineffective in augmenting AD although, consistent with previous observations, Metrazol potentiated the elicitation of AD. Furthermore, Metrazol, when interacted with strychnine or picrotoxin, did not elicit augmented AD patterns. Repeated injections of Metrazol also did not result in additional increments in AD. These results can be related to the modes of action of the three convulsive agents.

Stratigraphic Relations of Members of the Needles Range Formation at Type Localities in Southwestern Utah

Abstract: The Needles Range Formation is one of the most extensive of the middle Tertiary ash-flow sheets in the Great Basin of Nevada and western Utah. The original definition of the formation by Mackin (1960) named two members and mentioned three type localities. Our recent studies have shown that this published information now requires revision. To provide a firm basis for stratigraphic studies of the Needles Range Formation, this paper presents geologic maps, measured sections, and paleomagnetic data for three type localities in southwestern Utah. These include the northern Needles Range and Wah Wah Springs localities previously mentioned by Mackin, plus a new locality, northwest of Lund, Utah. The sequence of members at these localities, from oldest to youngest, is: Cottonwood Wash Tuff (new name), Wah Wah Springs Turf, Lund Tuff (new name), and Wallaces Peak Tuff (new name). We recommend abandonment of the name “Minersville Tuff.”

Effects of thiamine deficiency and treatment with the antagonists, oxythiamine and pyri-thiamine, on the levels and distribution of thiamine derivatives in rat brain

Abstract: Total thiamine, free thiamine, thiamine diphosphate (TDP) plus thia-mine triphosphate (TTP) and total hydroxyethylthiamine (HET) levels were measured in brains of control, deficient, and oxythiamine (OTH)- and pyrithiamine (PTH)-treated rats. The brain levels of TDP+TTP decreased to 39% and 12% of the control thiamine levels in defici-ent and PTH-treated rats respectively. The brain HET and TDP+TTP levels of the OTH-treated rats were not significantly different from the controls. The HET levels were decreased significantly (α<0.005) by the fourth day of treatment and decreased steadily to 1/7th of the control values in the terminal stages only in the PTH-treated rats. A significant drop in the HET levels from the control levels was interpreted to mean that the pyruvate utilization was significantly impaired in the brain.

Reactivation of memory by hypnosis and suggestion.

Abstract: The effects of hypnotic susceptibility (high vs. low), hypnotic condition (hypnotized vs. waking), and the order of testing (hypnosis first vs. waking first) on S's ability to recall meaningful material (specific facts about a rare chemical) 2 weeks after it was originally learned were studied using a 3-way, repeated-measures, factorial design. 52 college students (both male and female) acted as Ss for the study. No significant main effects were found, and the only significant interaction effect indicated that the memory was enhanced when tested the second time, regardless of whether it was in the waking or the hypnotized condition. The results were compared with the findings of other studies in this area using a less complex design.

Relationship of income and childlessness.

Abstract: (1973). Relationship of income and childlessness. Social Biology: Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 139-142.

Effect of Pressure on the Interstitial Diffusion of Nickel in Lead to 50 kbar

Abstract: The diffusion of nickel in lead has been investigated using radioactive-tracer and sectioning techniques for pressures of up to 50 kbar and for temperatures in the range 208-591 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The data were analyzed assuming a single effective mechanism of diffusion with a temperature- and pressure-dependent activation energy and preexponential factor. The activation energy and volume at the melting temperature and atmospheric pressure are, respectively, $\ensuremath{\Delta}H=10.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4$ kcal/mole and $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}V}{{V}_{0}}=0.13\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$. The pressure and temperature coefficients of the activation volume, although quite uncertain, were also determined. The small activation energy and volume indicate that nickel diffuses in lead primarily by the interstitial mechanism.