Institution
Brown University
Education•Providence, Rhode Island, United States•
About: Brown University is a education organization based out in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 35778 authors who have published 90896 publications receiving 4471489 citations. The organization is also known as: brown.edu & Brown.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
University of Manchester1, University of Oxford2, Brown University3, French Institute of Health and Medical Research4, Brigham and Women's Hospital5, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute6, University of Alabama at Birmingham7, Public Health England8, University of Virginia9, University of Surrey10, Thomas Jefferson University11
TL;DR: A new light-measurement strategy taking account of the complex photoreceptive inputs to these non-visual responses is proposed for use by researchers, and simple suggestions for artificial/architectural lighting are provided for regulatory authorities, lighting manufacturers, designers, and engineers.
886 citations
••
Columbia University1, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland2, Rotunda Hospital3, Brown University4, University of Utah5, Beaumont Hospital6, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai7, Yeshiva University8, University of Colorado Denver9, Tufts University10, New York University11, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill12, Queen Mary University of London13, University College London14
TL;DR: First-trimester combined screening at 11 weeks of gestation is better than secondtrimester quadruple screening but at 13 weeks has results similar to second-tr pregnancy quadruple screened, except for the comparison between serum integrated screening and combined screening.
Abstract: background It is uncertain how best to screen pregnant women for the presence of fetal Down’s syndrome: to perform first-trimester screening, to perform second-trimester screening, or to use strategies incorporating measurements in both trimesters. methods Women with singleton pregnancies underwent first-trimester combined screening (measurement of nuchal translucency, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A [PAPP-A], and the free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin at 10 weeks 3 days through 13 weeks 6 days of gestation) and second-trimester quadruple screening (measurement of alpha-fetoprotein, total human chorionic gonadotropin, unconjugated estriol, and inhibin A at 15 through 18 weeks of gestation). We compared the results of stepwise sequential screening (risk results provided after each test), fully integrated screening (single risk result provided), and serum integrated screening (identical to fully integrated screening, but without nuchal translucency). results First-trimester screening was performed in 38,167 patients; 117 had a fetus with Down’s syndrome. At a 5 percent false positive rate, the rates of detection of Down’s syndrome were as follows: with first-trimester combined screening, 87 percent, 85 percent, and 82 percent for measurements performed at 11, 12, and 13 weeks, respectively; with second-trimester quadruple screening, 81 percent; with stepwise sequential screening, 95 percent; with serum integrated screening, 88 percent; and with fully integrated screening with first-trimester measurements performed at 11 weeks, 96 percent. Paired comparisons found significant differences between the tests, except for the comparison between serum integrated screening and combined screening. conclusions First-trimester combined screening at 11 weeks of gestation is better than secondtrimester quadruple screening but at 13 weeks has results similar to second-trimester quadruple screening. Both stepwise sequential screening and fully integrated screening have high rates of detection of Down’s syndrome, with low false positive rates.
886 citations
••
National Center for Atmospheric Research1, University of Colorado Boulder2, Utrecht University3, Brown University4, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences5, University of Toronto6, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee7, University of California, Irvine8, Columbia University9, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory10
TL;DR: The Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) as discussed by the authors is the most recent version of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMEI) coupled model.
Abstract: An overview of the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) is provided, including a discussion of the challenges encountered during its development and how they were addressed. In addition, an evaluation of a pair of CESM2 long preindustrial control and historical ensemble simulations is presented. These simulations were performed using the nominal 1° horizontal resolution configuration of the coupled model with both the “low-top” (40 km, with limited chemistry) and “high-top” (130 km, with comprehensive chemistry) versions of the atmospheric component. CESM2 contains many substantial science and infrastructure improvements and new capabilities since its previous major release, CESM1, resulting in improved historical simulations in comparison to CESM1 and available observations. These include major reductions in low-latitude precipitation and shortwave cloud forcing biases; better representation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation; better El Nino-Southern Oscillation-related teleconnections; and a global land carbon accumulation trend that agrees well with observationally based estimates. Most tropospheric and surface features of the low- and high-top simulations are very similar to each other, so these improvements are present in both configurations. CESM2 has an equilibrium climate sensitivity of 5.1–5.3 °C, larger than in CESM1, primarily due to a combination of relatively small changes to cloud microphysics and boundary layer parameters. In contrast, CESM2's transient climate response of 1.9–2.0 °C is comparable to that of CESM1. The model outputs from these and many other simulations are available to the research community, and they represent CESM2's contributions to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6.
884 citations
••
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used fracture mechanics to derive conditions for the propagation of a concentrated shear band in heavily overconsolidated clays and found that the mean resolved shear stress on that surface is markedly less than the peak shear strength.
Abstract: In heavily over-consolidated clays there is a marked peak in the observed relation between shear stress and shear strain. As the strain increases, the stress falls from a peak to a much smaller residual stress. Slopes made from such a clay often fail progressively many years after construction. Sliding occurs on a concentrated slip surface, and it is found that the mean resolved shear stress on that surface is markedly less than the peak shear strength. Concepts from fracture mechanics, and in particular the J -integral, are used to derive conditions for the propagation of a concentrated shear band of this kind. The results indicate the presence of a strong size effect, which has important implications for the use of models in soil mechanics. An elastic analysis makes it possible to determine the size of the end zone in which the shear stress on the shear band falls to its residual value. An attempt is made to assess the possible sources of the time-dependence governing propagation speed of the shear band. They include pore-water diffusion to the dilating tip of the band (which governs the rate at which local strength reductions can occur), viscoelastic deformation of the clay (which allows a gradual build-up of strain concentration at the tip of the band), and the weathering break-down of diagenetic bonds.
883 citations
••
TL;DR: The reported new syntheses with NP parameter-tuning capability should pave the way for future development of highly efficient catalysts for applications in fuel cells, metal-air batteries, and even in other important chemical reactions.
Abstract: Advances in chemical syntheses have led to the formation of various kinds of nanoparticles (NPs) with more rational control of size, shape, composition, structure and catalysis. This review highlights recent efforts in the development of Pt and non-Pt based NPs into advanced nanocatalysts for efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) under fuel-cell reaction conditions. It first outlines the shape controlled synthesis of Pt NPs and their shape-dependent ORR. Then it summarizes the studies of alloy and core-shell NPs with controlled electronic (alloying) and strain (geometric) effects for tuning ORR catalysis. It further provides a brief overview of ORR catalytic enhancement with Pt-based NPs supported on graphene and coated with an ionic liquid. The review finally introduces some non-Pt NPs as a new generation of catalysts for ORR. The reported new syntheses with NP parameter-tuning capability should pave the way for future development of highly efficient catalysts for applications in fuel cells, metal-air batteries, and even in other important chemical reactions.
879 citations
Authors
Showing all 36143 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Walter C. Willett | 334 | 2399 | 413322 |
Robert Langer | 281 | 2324 | 326306 |
Robert M. Califf | 196 | 1561 | 167961 |
Eric J. Topol | 193 | 1373 | 151025 |
Joan Massagué | 189 | 408 | 149951 |
Joseph Biederman | 179 | 1012 | 117440 |
Gonçalo R. Abecasis | 179 | 595 | 230323 |
James F. Sallis | 169 | 825 | 144836 |
Steven N. Blair | 165 | 879 | 132929 |
Charles M. Lieber | 165 | 521 | 132811 |
J. S. Lange | 160 | 2083 | 145919 |
Christopher J. O'Donnell | 159 | 869 | 126278 |
Charles M. Perou | 156 | 573 | 202951 |
David J. Mooney | 156 | 695 | 94172 |
Richard J. Davidson | 156 | 602 | 91414 |