scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Institution

Brown University

EducationProvidence, Rhode Island, United States
About: Brown University is a education organization based out in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 35778 authors who have published 90896 publications receiving 4471489 citations. The organization is also known as: brown.edu & Brown.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new light-measurement strategy taking account of the complex photoreceptive inputs to these non-visual responses is proposed for use by researchers, and simple suggestions for artificial/architectural lighting are provided for regulatory authorities, lighting manufacturers, designers, and engineers.

886 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: First-trimester combined screening at 11 weeks of gestation is better than secondtrimester quadruple screening but at 13 weeks has results similar to second-tr pregnancy quadruple screened, except for the comparison between serum integrated screening and combined screening.
Abstract: background It is uncertain how best to screen pregnant women for the presence of fetal Down’s syndrome: to perform first-trimester screening, to perform second-trimester screening, or to use strategies incorporating measurements in both trimesters. methods Women with singleton pregnancies underwent first-trimester combined screening (measurement of nuchal translucency, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A [PAPP-A], and the free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin at 10 weeks 3 days through 13 weeks 6 days of gestation) and second-trimester quadruple screening (measurement of alpha-fetoprotein, total human chorionic gonadotropin, unconjugated estriol, and inhibin A at 15 through 18 weeks of gestation). We compared the results of stepwise sequential screening (risk results provided after each test), fully integrated screening (single risk result provided), and serum integrated screening (identical to fully integrated screening, but without nuchal translucency). results First-trimester screening was performed in 38,167 patients; 117 had a fetus with Down’s syndrome. At a 5 percent false positive rate, the rates of detection of Down’s syndrome were as follows: with first-trimester combined screening, 87 percent, 85 percent, and 82 percent for measurements performed at 11, 12, and 13 weeks, respectively; with second-trimester quadruple screening, 81 percent; with stepwise sequential screening, 95 percent; with serum integrated screening, 88 percent; and with fully integrated screening with first-trimester measurements performed at 11 weeks, 96 percent. Paired comparisons found significant differences between the tests, except for the comparison between serum integrated screening and combined screening. conclusions First-trimester combined screening at 11 weeks of gestation is better than secondtrimester quadruple screening but at 13 weeks has results similar to second-trimester quadruple screening. Both stepwise sequential screening and fully integrated screening have high rates of detection of Down’s syndrome, with low false positive rates.

886 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) as discussed by the authors is the most recent version of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMEI) coupled model.
Abstract: An overview of the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) is provided, including a discussion of the challenges encountered during its development and how they were addressed. In addition, an evaluation of a pair of CESM2 long preindustrial control and historical ensemble simulations is presented. These simulations were performed using the nominal 1° horizontal resolution configuration of the coupled model with both the “low-top” (40 km, with limited chemistry) and “high-top” (130 km, with comprehensive chemistry) versions of the atmospheric component. CESM2 contains many substantial science and infrastructure improvements and new capabilities since its previous major release, CESM1, resulting in improved historical simulations in comparison to CESM1 and available observations. These include major reductions in low-latitude precipitation and shortwave cloud forcing biases; better representation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation; better El Nino-Southern Oscillation-related teleconnections; and a global land carbon accumulation trend that agrees well with observationally based estimates. Most tropospheric and surface features of the low- and high-top simulations are very similar to each other, so these improvements are present in both configurations. CESM2 has an equilibrium climate sensitivity of 5.1–5.3 °C, larger than in CESM1, primarily due to a combination of relatively small changes to cloud microphysics and boundary layer parameters. In contrast, CESM2's transient climate response of 1.9–2.0 °C is comparable to that of CESM1. The model outputs from these and many other simulations are available to the research community, and they represent CESM2's contributions to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6.

884 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used fracture mechanics to derive conditions for the propagation of a concentrated shear band in heavily overconsolidated clays and found that the mean resolved shear stress on that surface is markedly less than the peak shear strength.
Abstract: In heavily over-consolidated clays there is a marked peak in the observed relation between shear stress and shear strain. As the strain increases, the stress falls from a peak to a much smaller residual stress. Slopes made from such a clay often fail progressively many years after construction. Sliding occurs on a concentrated slip surface, and it is found that the mean resolved shear stress on that surface is markedly less than the peak shear strength. Concepts from fracture mechanics, and in particular the J -integral, are used to derive conditions for the propagation of a concentrated shear band of this kind. The results indicate the presence of a strong size effect, which has important implications for the use of models in soil mechanics. An elastic analysis makes it possible to determine the size of the end zone in which the shear stress on the shear band falls to its residual value. An attempt is made to assess the possible sources of the time-dependence governing propagation speed of the shear band. They include pore-water diffusion to the dilating tip of the band (which governs the rate at which local strength reductions can occur), viscoelastic deformation of the clay (which allows a gradual build-up of strain concentration at the tip of the band), and the weathering break-down of diagenetic bonds.

883 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reported new syntheses with NP parameter-tuning capability should pave the way for future development of highly efficient catalysts for applications in fuel cells, metal-air batteries, and even in other important chemical reactions.
Abstract: Advances in chemical syntheses have led to the formation of various kinds of nanoparticles (NPs) with more rational control of size, shape, composition, structure and catalysis. This review highlights recent efforts in the development of Pt and non-Pt based NPs into advanced nanocatalysts for efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) under fuel-cell reaction conditions. It first outlines the shape controlled synthesis of Pt NPs and their shape-dependent ORR. Then it summarizes the studies of alloy and core-shell NPs with controlled electronic (alloying) and strain (geometric) effects for tuning ORR catalysis. It further provides a brief overview of ORR catalytic enhancement with Pt-based NPs supported on graphene and coated with an ionic liquid. The review finally introduces some non-Pt NPs as a new generation of catalysts for ORR. The reported new syntheses with NP parameter-tuning capability should pave the way for future development of highly efficient catalysts for applications in fuel cells, metal-air batteries, and even in other important chemical reactions.

879 citations


Authors

Showing all 36143 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Walter C. Willett3342399413322
Robert Langer2812324326306
Robert M. Califf1961561167961
Eric J. Topol1931373151025
Joan Massagué189408149951
Joseph Biederman1791012117440
Gonçalo R. Abecasis179595230323
James F. Sallis169825144836
Steven N. Blair165879132929
Charles M. Lieber165521132811
J. S. Lange1602083145919
Christopher J. O'Donnell159869126278
Charles M. Perou156573202951
David J. Mooney15669594172
Richard J. Davidson15660291414
Network Information
Related Institutions (5)
Columbia University
224K papers, 12.8M citations

96% related

University of Washington
305.5K papers, 17.7M citations

95% related

Yale University
220.6K papers, 12.8M citations

95% related

Stanford University
320.3K papers, 21.8M citations

95% related

Johns Hopkins University
249.2K papers, 14M citations

95% related

Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023126
2022591
20215,549
20205,321
20194,806
20184,462